Numerical Study on the Effect of Gap Diffraction on the Hydrodynamic Performance of A Floating Breakwater

Two-dimensional(2D)flume experiments are useful in investigating the performances of floating breakwaters(FBs),including hydrodynamic performances,motion responses,and mooring forces.Designing a reasonable gap between the flume wall and the FBs is a critical step in 2D flume tests.However,research on the effect of the gap on the accuracy of 2D FB experimental results is scarce.To address this issue,a numerical wave tank is developed using CFD to estimate the wave-FB interaction of a moored dual-cylindrical FB,and the results are compared to experimental data from a previously published work.There is good agreement between them,indicating that the numerical model is sufficiently accurate.The numerical model is then applied to explore the effect of gap diffraction on the performance of FBs in2D experiments.It was discovered that the nondimensional gap length L_(Gap)/W_(Pool)should be smaller than 7.5%to ensure that the relative error of the transmission coefficient is smaller than 3%.The influence of the gap is also related to the entering wave properties,such as the wave height and period.

Hydrodynamic Performance Study of Wave Energy-Type Floating Breakwaters

The integration of wave energy converters(WECs) with floating breakwaters has become common recently due to the benefits of both cost-sharing and providing offshore power supply. In this study, based on viscous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory, we investigated the hydrodynamic performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters, both of which can also serve as WECs. A numerical wave flume model is constructed using Star-CCM+software and applied to investigate the interaction between waves and wave energy converters while completing the verification of the convergence study of time and space steps. The effects of wave length on motion response and transmission coefficient of the floating box breakwater model are studied. Comparisons of our numerical results and published experimental data indicate that Star-CCM+ is very capable of accurately modeling the nonlinear wave interaction of floating structures, while the analytical potential theory overrates the results especially around the resonant frequency. Optimal damping can be readily predicted using potential flow theory and can then be verified by CFD numerical results. Next, we investigated the relationship between wave frequencies and various coefficients using the CFD model under optimal damping, including the motion response, transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient,dissipation coefficient, and wave energy conversion efficiency. We then compared the power generation efficiencies and wave dissipation performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is always much higher than that of the floating box breakwater. Besides, the wave dissipation performance of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is much better than that of the floating box breakwater at lower frequency.

Experimental Study on Wave Attenuation Performance of A New Type of Floating Breakwater with Twin Pontoons and Multi Porous Vertical Plates

A floating breakwater(FB)has extensive potential applications in the fields of coastal,offshore,and ocean engineering owing to its advantages such as eco-friendliness,low cost,easy and rapid construction,and quick dismantling and reinstallation.An FB composed of twin pontoons and multi-porous vertical plates is proposed to improve the wave attenuation performance.The wave attenuation performance is investigated for different FB structures and vertical plate types under different incident wave heights and periods using 2D wave physical model tests in a wave flume.The results demonstrate that the proposed FB has a better performance than that of the conventional single pontoon-type FB.It reduces the wave transmission due to its enhanced wave reflection and energy loss.The wave transmission coefficient of the proposed FB decreases with an increase in the number of layers and relative draft depth of the vertical plates.However,a further decrease in the wave transmission coefficient is not observed when the number of porous vertical plates is increased from 4 to 5 layers.An equation has been derived to predict the wave transmission of the proposed FB based on the experimental results.

Research on the floating performance of a novel large caliber machine gun based on the floating principle with complicated boundary conditions

In this paper,a novel large caliber machine gun was taken as the research object to analyze the floating technique based on the principle of fixed-point constraint and secondary counter-recoil.A rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamic model of the large caliber machine gun with muzzle brake based on floating principle was established,in which the influence of soil and human body was taken into account.The dynamic simulation was conducted and then the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data The dynamic characteristics of the machine gun with or without floating technique were analyzed to indicate the influence of floating technique upon the performance of the gun.Furthermore,the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic models with five different firing angles was constructed to study the influence caused by the angles.The results indicated that the floating mechanism could reduce the recoil effectively and improve the operational performance of this novel large caliber machine gun.

A new bracing system for improvement of seismic performance of steel jacket type offshore platforms with float-over-deck

In this paper, the seismic response of a newly designed steel jacket offshore platform with a float over deck （FOD） system in the Persian Gulf was investigated through incremental dynamic analysis. Comparison of incremental dynamic analysis results for both directions of the platform shows that the lateral strength of the platform in the float over direction is less than its lateral strength in other direction. Dynamic characteristics measurement of a scale model of platform was also performed using forced vibration tests. From experimental measurement of the scaled model, it was observed that dynamic characteristic of the platform is different in the float over direction compared to the other direction. Therefore, a new offshore installed bracing system for the float over direction was proposed for improvement of seismic performance of this type of platform. Finally, the structure with the modified system was assessed using the probabilistic seismic assessment method as well as experimental measurement of its dynamic characteristics. It was observed that the proposed offshore installed bracing system improves the performance of platforms subjected to strong ground motion.

Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Heaving Buoy Assembled on a Net Cage Platform

To take advantage of the abundance of both fishery and wave energy resources in offshore sea areas,a novel floating platform with a heaving buoy-based wave energy converter(WEC)assembled with a set of net cages is presented in this work.The floating WEC system provides a power supply,while the net cages are used for aquaculture.It is designed to have an independent and self-operation breeding function.An experimental study is carried out to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of the device in a wave tank considering the factors of net cages,draft depth,and power take-off,and results show that these variables have significant effects on wave energy capture.Incident waves with short periods cause intense interactions that allow the device to undergo large relative motion.The draft depth could be determined according to wave period rather than wave height.This study also explores the response amplitude operator of the device and determines its resonance scope.The experimental results could provide reliable information for future studies on phase differences and the design of two-body WECs.

Numerical Modeling of Floating Oil Boom Motions in Wave-Current Coupling Conditions

Containment booms are commonly used in collecting and containing spilled oil on the sea surface and in protecting specific sea areas against oil slick spreading.In the present study,a numerical model is proposed based on the N-S equations in a mesh frame.The proposed model tracks the outline of the floating boom in motion by using the fractional area/volume obstacle representation technique.The boom motion is then simulated by the technique of general moving object.The simulated results of the rigid oil boom motions are validated against the experimental results.Then,the failure mechanism of the boom is investigated through numerical experiments.Based on the numerical results,the effects of boom parameters and dynamic factors on the oil containment performance are also assessed.

Coupled Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Analysis of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using CFD Method

To simulate floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)in coupled wind-wave domain via CFD method,the NREL 5MW wind turbine supported by the OC3-Hywind Spar platform is modeled in the STAR-CCM+ software.Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)equations and re-normalisation group(RNG)k-εturbulence model,the rotor aerodynamic simulation for wind turbine is conducted.Numerical results agree well with the NREL data.Taking advantage with the volume of fluid(VOF)method and dynamic fluid body interaction(DFBI)technology,the dynamic responses of the floating system with mooring lines are simulated under the coupled wind-wave sea condition.The free-decay tests for rigid-body degrees of freedom(DOFs)in still water and hydrodynamic tests in a regular wave are performed to validate the numerical model by comparing its result with the results simulated by FAST.Finally,the simulations of the overall FOWT system in the coupled wind-wave flow field are carried out.The relationship between the power output and dynamic motion responses of the platform is investigated.The numerical results show that the dynamic response of wind turbine performance and platform motions all vary in the same frequency as the inlet wave.During platform motion,the power output of wind turbine is more sensitive than the thrust force.This study may provide some reference for further research in the coupled aero-hydro simulation of FOWT.

辣椒漂盘苗机械化移栽适应性研究

为了探索辣椒漂盘苗对机械化移栽的适应性,以贵州某辣椒基地所育适栽期辣椒漂盘苗和2ZB-2旱地吊杯鸭嘴式移栽机为测试对象,完成了辣椒苗形态特征参数测量、落苗基质损失及田间机械栽植的试验研究。结果表明:从辣椒苗的苗高、叶面展幅、基质情况来看,所育漂盘苗基质饱满,且适于膜上移栽常用的鸭嘴式栽植器;漂盘苗基质含水率在56.4%~63.5%时,利于机械移栽的基质保持;田间机械移栽的栽植深度合格率、漏栽率、伤苗率分别为76.7%、2.4%、3.2%,满足指标要求;直立度合格率为88.7%,低于93%的指标下限。总体来说,辣椒漂盘苗与移栽机适应性较好,基本能达到贵州辣椒机械化栽植作业要求。

基于Edem-RecurDyn联合仿真的火车皮厢底冻黏浮煤清扫机构性能优化分析

火车皮作为煤炭运输的主要设备之一,其运输效率一直是煤炭运输行业的关注重点,在北方地区冬季低温条件下,影响运输效率的主要原因是煤炭中所含的水分与凹凸不平的车厢内表面形成黏附,逐渐由车厢表层向煤炭内部扩散,最终产生冻车现象导致设备无法继续运行。首先,以不同清扫方式现存的问题为出发点,结合实际的工程项目,设计了一款自动化冻黏浮煤清扫机构并对其清扫性能进行优化研究。其次,通过理论研究分析建立浮煤冻黏颗粒模型,分析清扫过程中滚刀的运动情况并建立力学模型和数学模型。最后,联合多体动力学软件RecurDyn对清扫机构底部清扫滚筒性能进行仿真研究,求解不同滚筒转速、牵引速度和清扫深度对清扫性能的影响规律,通过优化寻求清扫阻力最小、能耗最低的性能参数匹配方案。结果表明,清扫机构的清扫效率受滚筒转速影响较小,随滚筒转速提高,清扫阻力大小在一定范围内波动;随着牵引速度不断提高,清扫阻力先降低后逐渐增高;清扫深度对清扫阻力的影响最大,随清扫深度的增加,其清扫阻力不断增加。根据单因素参数对清扫阻力大小影响规律,取合理范围利用响应面法对其综合影响规律进行仿真试验,得到目标函数后,利用Matlab对其数学模型求解最优解,最终得到滚筒转速为78 r/min、牵引速度为0.05 m/s、清扫深度为100 mm时,清扫机构所受阻力最小、清扫比能耗最低为0.22 kWh/m^(3),清扫机构性能达到最优。

软包磷酸铁锂电池高温浮充后的电化学性能

磷酸铁锂电池因其较好的安全性在储能领域中备受关注。浮充电是一种对电池进行能量补充的常用充电方式,研究不同浮充条件对电池性能的影响显得尤为重要。以额定容量21 A·h的软包磷酸铁锂电池为试验对象,进行高温(50℃)浮充试验,探究高温下不同浮充电压(3.40 V、3.65 V、3.85 V)对电池容量、放电倍率性能、温度场分布和混合功率脉冲特性等性能的影响。结果发现,浮充后电池容量保持率急剧衰减,60天后的容量保持率均低于80%,并随着浮充电压升高,其容量保持率加剧递减,高温下浮充电压差异带来的影响明显增大。高温浮充后电池活性材料和活性锂离子损失严重,界面反应动力学受到阻碍,电池内阻明显增加,且电池放电脉冲功率能力减小,这些老化随浮充电压的升高而加快。温度场分布研究表明,高温浮充后电池放电时最高温度出现在正极极耳处,同时电池放电倍率能力在浮充后明显衰减,并随倍率增大放电容量缩减,且对应点温升明显加剧。由于电池高温浮充后会出现的老化和温升现象,因此电池在使用中应当避免长期高温浮充。本文为磷酸铁锂储能电池的浮充策略提供一定的参考依据。

轻质隔声夹层板结构声振耦合拓扑优化

为了满足夹层板结构轻质及隔声性能优化需求,提出了一种基于线性材料插值模型的三场浮动投影动力学拓扑优化方法,进行夹层板结构声振耦合拓扑优化设计。首先,结合混合位移/声压(u/p)有限元格式和线性材料插值模型,解决多场耦合界面依赖性问题和低密度区域局部模态问题;其次,面向三维轻质夹层板结构声振耦合特性,建立以隔声性能最大化为目标,轻量化体积分数为约束的优化范式;第三,依托阻抗管隔声性能试验场景,对三维夹层板结构有限元数值模型进行拓扑优化设计,并结合阻抗管试验验证方法的准确性和有效性;最后,将所得优化构型与常见夹层板构型的隔声性能进行对比。研究结果表明:采用所提方法可获得性能优越的新颖拓扑构型,1100~1300 Hz优化目标频段对应的优化目标隔声性能即传声损失总值从197.62 dB提升到205.09 dB,且数值仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好。在结构同等质量下,优化目标频段拓扑构型的隔声量性能优于常见开孔/闭孔矩形蜂窝状、蜘蛛网状夹层板结构的隔声量性能。

一种浮式梳式防波堤的消浪性能试验研究

针对一种新型的浮式梳式防波堤的消浪性能进行模型试验研究,试验模型采用固定结构形式,分析相对宽度、相对波高、水流速度和不规则波等因素对透射系数、反射系数和耗散系数的影响。研究结果表明:浮式梳式防波堤的消浪性能较为稳定,在波长较大的情况下,该型防波堤的消浪性能优于相同尺寸的方箱式防波堤;当相对宽度为0.20~0.27时,透射系数能达到最小值;在波与流共同作用下,同向水流会削弱波浪的消浪性能;在相同波浪参数下,不规则波的透射系数要略高于规则波的透射系数。

准东高铁煤中伴生矿物对水煤浆成浆性能影响

准东黑山矿区将军庙二矿的准东高铁煤储量丰富,是优质动力煤产区,以该煤样为原料煤,考察煤中主要伴生矿物对水煤浆性能影响。用煤炭浮沉分离方法获得不同矿物含量、种类和分布规律的不同密度等级煤样,并对煤样进行成浆性影响评价。经能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线荧光仪(XRF)确定煤样中元素含量及矿物组成。最后利用SPSS软件计算不同矿物元素含量与成浆性能相关性。发现准东高铁煤密度主要集中于1.40~1.50 g/cm^(3),占整体的55.88%,而密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样约占4.88%;黄铁矿、硫酸铁、高岭土和石英石含量随煤样密度增大而增加,密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样中伴生矿物含量高,Al、Si、S和Fe元素含量均达到最大,其中Fe元素质量分数从<0.5%增至5.97%;水煤浆样品黏度和稳定性也随制备煤样密度增加而下降,使用密度<1.40 g/cm^(3)的ZD1煤样制备的水煤浆黏度960 mPa·s,析水率1.37%,而采用密度>1.50 g/cm^(3)煤样制备的浆体样品整体过于稀薄,成浆黏度降至320 mPa·s,析水率达9.09%;相关性分析显示,煤中伴生Na、Mg和Ca元素在各个密度等级煤样中分布相对均匀,与成浆性能无明显相关性,而Al、Si、S和Fe元素的含量与成浆黏度和稳定性分别呈现显著和极其显著的负相关,即黄铁矿、硫酸铁、高岭土和石英石质量分数越高,水煤浆黏度、稳定性下降趋势越显著。

随机波浪作用下漂浮式光伏阵列发电性能仿真分析

该文选用石岛海域环境及光资源条件,综合考虑波浪作用下光伏组件倾角和方位角改变对太阳辐射量接收的影响,以及阵列中各模块辐射量差异所导致额外的失配损失,提出一种考虑波浪荷载的漂浮式多体光伏阵列系统电能输出仿真模型,比较固定式与漂浮式光伏系统的月度发电量并通过优化的变异系数评价漂浮式光伏阵列输出功率的波动性。该仿真方法可提高海上漂浮式光伏发电功率预测精度,进而提升光伏发电适应电力系统扰动能力。研究结果从电能输出及功率波动的角度验证了海上漂浮式光伏发电场的可行性。

组合型浮式防波堤水动力响应与消浪性能研究

为提升方箱式浮式防波堤的稳定性和消浪效果,本文发展了一种组合型浮式防波堤,并基于计算流体动力学方法,采用黏性流体理论,建立了二维数值水槽,以组合型浮式防波堤为研究对象,并通过与方箱式浮式防波堤进行对比,重点探讨了系泊方式和波参数对组合型浮式防波堤运动响应与消浪性能的影响.此外,对浮式防波堤周围水体的涡量分布情况进行了分析,揭示了其波浪能量耗散机制.研究结果表明,组合型浮式防波堤对波浪的耗散能力远高于方箱式浮式防波堤,其主要通过能量耗散衰减波浪.相比于方箱式浮式防波堤,组合型浮式防波堤的整体运动响应较小、消浪能力较强,且系泊方式对组合型浮式防波堤运动响应与消浪性能影响较小.然而,当入射波高增加时,系泊方式对其消浪性能有较大影响.研究结果可为浮式防波堤的优化设计和实际工程应用提供参考.

鼎形浮式防波堤消浪性能研究

为进一步提高矩形浮式防波堤消浪性能,设计一种鼎形浮式防波堤,基于STAR-CCM+软件建立二维数值模型,分析3种潮位下吃水深度、弧墙高度和弧墙角度对该结构消浪性能的影响。研究结果表明:与矩形方箱浮式防波堤相比,鼎形浮式防波堤可有效提升消浪性能;该结构透射系数随着吃水深度、弧墙高度和弧墙角度的增加而减小;反射系数随着吃水深度和弧墙高度的增加而增大,弧墙角度对浮堤的反射系数影响不明显;透射系数随着相对宽度的增加总体呈下降趋势,反射系数随着相对宽度的增加总体呈上升趋势。在研究的波浪要素条件下,当结构参数设置为吃水深度0.2 m、弧墙高度0.05 m、弧墙角度54°时,透射系数、反射系数分别达到0.11、0.61,此时为最优参数设置,浮堤的消浪性能最好。

微孔几何轮廓对浮环气膜密封动压润滑特性的影响

目的充分研究微织构几何轮廓对浮环气膜密封润滑特性的影响,调节微尺度流动,提高密封综合性能,为气膜浮环密封的优化设计提供理论基础。方法基于气膜润滑理论,建立表面织构化浮环密封的润滑模型,以圆形、正方形、椭圆形、三角形4种轮廓微织构孔为研究对象,采用有限差分法对流体动压控制方程进行数值求解,获得密封间隙内气膜压力分布,通过试验验证理论模型的正确性和有效性,并考察不同几何轮廓的微织构孔对浮环密封性能的影响规律。结果微织构孔均可产生显著的流体动压效应,具有三角形轮廓特征的微织构孔在综合密封性能上表现出最佳效果,其次是椭圆形、正方形,最后是圆形。在相同工况条件下,不同几何轮廓的微织构孔对密封性能参数的影响具有相似的规律。其中,转速、压力和偏心率的增大均可提高气膜浮升力;随着压力和偏心率的增加,泄漏率迅速升高,随着转速的升高而缓慢下降;气体摩擦力随着转速、压力和偏心率的升高而升高。结论在轴套表面合理设计微纹理,并对不同几何轮廓微孔所适应的工况参数进行了研究,明确了不同工况下织构类型的选择和优化。研究结果可为浮环气膜密封的轴套加工制造提供理论依据,具有实际应用价值。

抗拔桩与承压型囊式扩体锚杆性价比浅析

对建(构)筑物抗浮工程两种常用锚固体钢筋混凝土抗拔桩和承压型囊式扩体锚杆设计计算理论进行了研究和梳理;并结合北京某一实际工程案例,对两种抗浮锚固体在设计中的可靠性、适用性和经济性进行对比分析。结果表明,在天然地基承载力满足基底压力要求,地基土层构成情况相同,两种抗浮锚固体提供相同抗力的条件下,承压型囊式扩体锚杆综合性价比优于钢筋混凝土抗拔桩,仅工程造价就可以节省20%左右,可为抗浮工程锚固设计时的锚固体方案比选提供借鉴与参考。

流动与融居:我国少数民族流动人口户籍迁移意愿的空间趋势分析

少数民族流动人口的户籍迁移意愿是观测各民族交往交流交融的重要指标。本文基于2012与2017年CMDS数据,采用ESDA方法结合Logistic回归,探讨少数民族流动人口户籍迁移意愿的空间分布、变化趋势以及其影响因素。研究发现:迁移意愿从总体上呈现走低的趋势,并具有空间分异特征;向东迁移意愿显著下降,而向西迁移意愿明显增强。与此同时,空间依赖性与地理集聚度逐渐下降,流动范围以省内跨市为主,表明大流动带来的大融居新格局正逐渐形成。究其原因:国家区域发展战略、配套政策红利、群体社会特性、经济社会融入度与公共服务的有效供给等因素是重要的解释变量。经济社会融入与公共服务保障在东西部地区对少数民族流动人口户籍迁移意愿的促进作用大于中部东北部。因之,当前新时代城市民族工作需要针对我国少数民族流动人口户籍迁移意愿的空间分异与空间演化趋势做出相应的调适。