Dynamic Analysis of a 10 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Considering the Tower and Platform Flexibility

Recently,semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine technologies have received considerable attention.For the coupled simulation of semisubmersible floating offshore wind energy,the platform is usually considered a rigid model,which could affect the calculation accuracy of the dynamic responses.The dynamic responses of a TripleSpar floating offshore wind turbine equipped with a 10 MW offshore wind turbine are discussed herein.The simulation of a floating offshore wind turbine under regular waves,white noise waves,and combined wind-wave conditions is conducted.The effects of the tower and platform flexibility on the motion and force responses of the TripleSpar semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine are investigated.The results show that the flexibility of the tower and platform can influence the dynamic responses of a TripleSpar semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine.Considering the flexibility of the tower and platform,the tower and platform pitch motions markedly increased compared with the fully rigid model.Moreover,the force responses,particularly for tower base loads,are considerably influenced by the flexibility of the tower and platform.Thus,the flexibility of the tower and platform for the coupled simulation of floating offshore wind turbines must be appropriately examined.

Platform motion minimization using model predictive control of a floating offshore wind turbine

Wind turbines are installed offshore with the assistance of a floating platform to help meet the world’s increasing energy needs.However,the incident wind and extra incident wave disturbances have an impact on the performance and operation of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)in comparison to bottom-fixed wind turbines.In this paper,model predictive control(MPC)is utilized to overcome the limitation caused by platform motion.Due to the ease of control synthesis,the MPC is developed using a simplified model instead of high fidelity simulation model.The performance of the controller is verified in the presence of realistic wind and wave disturbances.The study demonstrates the effectiveness of MPC in reducing platform motions and rotor/generator speed regulation of FOWTs.

Motion Performance and Mooring System of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed （seabed mounted） structures. However, countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas. The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform. This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine （FOWT） system. The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient, and the hydrodynamics and mooting system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM soRware. The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined. The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.

Dynamic Response of 6MW Spar Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine by Experiment and Numerical Analyses

The floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) is widely used for harvesting marine wind energy. Its dynamic responses under offshore wind and wave environment provide essential reference for the design and installation. In this study,the dynamic responses of a 6 MW Spar type FOWT designed for the water depth of 100 m are investigated by means of the wave tank experiment and numerical analysis. A scaled model is manufactured for the experiment at a ratio of65.3, while the numerical model is constructed on the open-source platform FAST(Fatigue, Aerodynamics,Structures, and Turbulence). Still water tests, wind-induced only tests, wave-induced only tests and combined windwave-current tests are all conducted experimentally and numerically. The accuracy of the experimental set-up as well as the loading generation has been verified. Surge, pitch and heave motions are selected to analyze and the numerical results agree well with the experimental values. Even though results obtained by using the FOWT calculation model established in FAST software show some deviations from the test results, the trends are always consistent. Both experimental and numerical studies demonstrate that they are reliable for the designed 6 MW Spar type FOWT.

Numerical Simulation of Float-Over Installation for Offshore Platform

In this paper,a numerical investigation of a float-over installation for an offshore platform is presented to verify the feasibility of the actual installation.The hydrodynamic performance of a T-barge is investigated in the frequency domain,and the coupled motions are analyzed in the time domain.We then compare with those of the model test and determine that the response amplitude operator and the time series agree quite well.The barge exhibits favorable hydrodynamic behavior in the considered sea state,and the equipment loads are allowable.Themooring systemand sway fender forces are within the permissible range.Based on these results,we can verify that the actual installation of the offshore platform is feasible.We accurately simulated many important factors and effectively reduced the risk associated with the offshore installation,which is of great importance.As such,we demonstrate that the numerical simulation of the float-over installation for offshore platforms has practical engineering significance.

A new bracing system for improvement of seismic performance of steel jacket type offshore platforms with float-over-deck

In this paper, the seismic response of a newly designed steel jacket offshore platform with a float over deck （FOD） system in the Persian Gulf was investigated through incremental dynamic analysis. Comparison of incremental dynamic analysis results for both directions of the platform shows that the lateral strength of the platform in the float over direction is less than its lateral strength in other direction. Dynamic characteristics measurement of a scale model of platform was also performed using forced vibration tests. From experimental measurement of the scaled model, it was observed that dynamic characteristic of the platform is different in the float over direction compared to the other direction. Therefore, a new offshore installed bracing system for the float over direction was proposed for improvement of seismic performance of this type of platform. Finally, the structure with the modified system was assessed using the probabilistic seismic assessment method as well as experimental measurement of its dynamic characteristics. It was observed that the proposed offshore installed bracing system improves the performance of platforms subjected to strong ground motion.

A Novel Dynamics Analysis Method for Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

The dynamic behavior of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is crucial for its design and optimization. A novel dynamics analysis method for the spar-type FOWT system is proposed in this paper based on the theorem of moment of momentum and the Newton’s second law. The full nonlinearity of the equations of motion (EOMs) and the full nonlinear coupling between external loads and the motions are preserved in this method. Compared with the conventional methods, this method is more transparent and it can be applied directly to the large-amplitude rotation cases. An in-house code is developed to implement this method. The capability of in-house code is verified by comparing its simulation results with those predicted by FAST. Based on the in-house code, the dynamic responses of a spar-type FOWT system are investigated under various conditions.

Numerical investigation of the coupled aero-hydrodynamic performances of a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine with inclined columns

Numerical investigations of floating platforms with different outer column inclined angles under two operating conditions of regular wave and irregular wave are presented in this paper.A coupled aero-hydrodynamic computational fluid dynamics in-house solver FOWT-UALM-SJTU is applied for the calculation.First,the validation for wave and wind generation are conducted to determine mesh distribution strategy.Based on these,the hydrodynamic motion response,aerodynamic performance and wake flow are analyzed to explore the impact of inclined angle.Conduct spectral analysis on the motion response under wave action,discuss the aerodynamic attack angle and inflow wind velocity along the blade spanwise direction in detail,reveal different trends in wake development and recovery.The results show that for the regular wave condition with the increase of inclined angles,the equilibrium position of surge motion is constantly rising,while pitch is decreasing.The maximum root mean square(rms)value occurs at angle=30°,compared with the original OC4 FOWT,the rms in power and thrust increase 0.35%,0.71%.And there are two low regions of attack angle and high regions of axial inflow velocity,corresponding to aerodynamic loads.The spectral analysis indicates that the natural frequency of pitch motion will increase with inclined angle.Besides,from the middle to far region of wake flow,the velocity recovery of FOWT with inclined angle will become faster,which is beneficial for downstream turbines to enhance more wind energy.

Coupled dynamic response analysis of multi-column floating offshore wind turbine with low center of gravity

To realize the application of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)from deep to relatively shallow waters,a new concept of multi-column floating wind turbine platform with low center of gravity(CG)is designed and validated.The multi-column low CG platform is designed to support a 6MW wind turbine class and operated at a water depth of 50m in the South China Sea.The frequency domain software WADAM and time domain software NREL-FAST are used to simulate coupled dynamic responses of the floating wind turbine system with second-order wave loads considering.The dynamic behaviors of multi-column low CG FOWT system under normal operation and parked conditions are presented.The influence of second-order wave force on the motion responses of the multi-column platform,fore-aft force and moment of the tower base and mooring force are researched respectively.The results demonstrate that the coupled dynamic responses at rated operating condition and extreme condition meet the normal operating requirements and extreme survival requirements of FOWT system in the shallow water(50m)of South China Sea.In addition,it is found that,the wave frequency response gradually replaces the second-order low frequency response as the main influencing factor of the coupled dynamic response of the FOWT system with the increasing severity of the sea states.However,in general,the magnitude of second-order low frequency response increases with the increasing severity of the design load case.Thus,in the subsequent design of the shallow water FOWT system,the second-order effects should be paid enough attention.

多连通域浮式平台波浪载荷水池模型试验研究

大型多连通域浮式平台的典型代表是大型海上旅游浮式综合体,依据概念设计,开展大型多连通域浮式平台的波浪载荷水池模型试验研究,试验对不同海况下4种典型多连通域浮式平台方案进行波浪载荷测量,包括剖面的垂向弯矩、水平弯矩和扭矩等,通过观察试验现象和分析测量数据,获得了不同方案大型多连通域浮式平台的波浪载荷特性。试验结果表明:由于平台质量大、振动阻尼大,所以高频载荷成分小;平台在自由状态下载荷值基本都小于平台只释放垂荡状态载荷值;在方案四高波高状态下,平台波浪载荷的高频成分包含了波浪的非线性、约束柱与平台之间的耦合、平台自身的高频振动等。研究成果可为大型海上旅游浮式综合体的结构设计提供设计载荷输入,支撑平台的强度校核评估。

漂浮式海上风力机三维尾流模型研究

针对漂浮式海上风电机组接地系统所处的深海环境及特殊的系泊系统,综合考虑纵荡运动对入流风速和尾流区域膨胀的影响,基于二维BP工程尾流模型,提出一种三维尾流模型(3Dksg_BP),将该模型用于全尾流区域横向和垂向风速剖面的预测。预测结果与风洞实验数据对比发现,下游1.7D、2.3D、5.0D和10.0D(D为风轮直径)等位置的预测精度均不低于97.6%。基于3Dksg_BP,研究不同频率和振幅下的纵荡运动对尾流造成的影响,结果表明:纵荡运动对尾迹的影响随频率和振幅的增大而增大,且随着下游距离的增加,纵荡运动对尾迹的影响逐渐减小。

浮式风机平台设计研究综述

大力发展风力发电技术是国家推动能源低碳转型、实现“双碳”目标的核心路径。随着陆上风电和近海风电资源开发逐渐饱和,风电开发从近岸走向深远海成为风电行业发展必然的趋势,而浮式风机平台的研发与优化是推进海上风电向深远海区域发展的关键。基于对国内外浮式风机平台发展现状的研究,进一步分析浮式风机平台设计中气动载荷、水动力载荷、系泊系统、耦合分析方法以及常用数值模拟工具的研究现状,重点梳理以提升结构稳性和降低成本为驱动的浮式风机平台的关键技术思路及构型特点,总结浮式风机平台优化的研究现状,以及其设计中存在的问题与挑战,以期为相关领域研究人员提供技术参考。

Investigation of the effects of platform motion on the aerodynamics of a floating offshore wind turbine

Along with the flourishing of the wind energy industry, floating offshore wind turbines have aroused much interest among the academia as well as enterprises. In this paper, the effects of the supporting platform motion on the aerodynamics of a floating wind turbine are studied using the open source CFD framework Open FOAM. The platform motion responses, including surge, heave and pitch, are superimposed onto the rotation of the wind turbine. Thrust and torque on the wind turbine are compared and analysed for the cases of different platform motion patterns together with the flow field. It is shown that the movement of the supporting platform can have large influences on a floating offshore wind turbine and thus needs to be considered carefully during the design process.

海上漂浮式风电机组塔筒优化方法研究

为适应复杂多变的海上环境,高效利用风资源、减少用钢成本,开展漂浮式风电机组塔筒的结构优化设计。以船载风电机组为研究对象,引入漂浮式基础的动态响应,作为影响塔筒弯曲变形的重要约束条件。在保证风电机组稳定功率输出的前提下,以质量最轻为优化目标,以塔筒构造要求和规范为基本约束条件,建立漂浮式基础风电机组塔筒的数值优化模型,并利用遗传算法完成了模型优化。结果显示,在保证风电机组稳定性和正常功率输出要求下,塔筒的质量降低了35%,刚度提高了25%。

15 MW级Spar漂浮式风电平台的设计方案及水动力性能研究

[目的]针对15 MW级浮式风机,提出一种新型的Spar漂浮式风电平台设计方案,并对平台性能进行分析。[方法]基于势流理论对平台进行频域水动力计算,对不同浪向下的平台波浪力和运动响应特性进行研究;应用叶素动量法计算叶轮气动载荷并将其等效为风力系数,从而计算不同工况风浪流联合作用下的平台时域响应,同时对系泊缆的受力情况进行分析。[结果]结果显示,平台垂荡和纵摇在平台运动固有频率处出现了峰值点,且发生的位置均远离波浪的主要能量区域;在风浪流作用下,相较于工作工况,极限工况下的平台最大纵摇角略小,而最大纵荡和垂荡响应幅值以及最大系泊张力更大。[结论]研究证明新型Spar漂浮式风电平台具有良好的稳性和水动力性能,在设计环境载荷下,平台响应和系泊力均能满足要求,能够保障风力发电机组的安全性和稳定性。

海上浮式核电平台地震响应分区分析方法

海上浮式核电平台正成为我国解决远海平台或岛礁能源供应问题的重要举措,其地震安全性问题一直存疑.文章发展了一套地震作用下海床-海水-浮式结构相互作用的分区混合分析方法,将海床-海水-浮式结构体系进行分区,海床和海水区域采用集中质量显式有限元结合透射人工边界进行分析,浮式结构区域采用模态叠加方法求解,海水和浮式结构间的声固耦合通过迭代算法实现,通过一简单算例对该方法进行了验证.以一驳船形式的浮式核电平台模型为例,分析了其在SV波斜入射时的地震反应,以及斜入射角度(10°,20°和30°)对其地震反应的影响.结果表明,传统的关于浮式结构不需要考虑抗震的观点是基于SV波垂直入射假定的,在SV波斜入射时,浮式核电平台会产生水平和竖向地震反应,主要由纵摇和垂荡模态控制;随着入射角度的增大,浮式核电平台中安全壳和附属结构的水平向和竖向的位移、加速度都呈现增大的趋势;反应以竖向为主,但在部分频率范围内附属结构水平方向加速度反应谱幅值超过竖直方向的加速度反应谱幅值,建议浮式核电结构及设备应考虑抗震设计.

基于数字孪生的海上浮式发电平台连接器应力场预报方法

[目的]对多模块海上浮式发电平台连接器开展安全性评估时,为弥补因传感器数量有限而无法实时监测全域结构应力场的问题,提出一种基于仿真数据库的海上浮式发电平台应力场快速预测的数字孪生方法。[方法]通过将连接器的三维物理模型降阶为一维数字模型,在数字空间内对连接器的应力场数据进行插值推演,从而实现结构应力场的全域快速预报及可视化展示。[结果]结果表明,仿真模型与试验结果的吻合度较高,最大绝对误差为8.61%;对于不同加载角度下的数据插值推演,当加载角度插值步长为10°时,应力平均绝对误差为1.98%;对于不同载荷下的数据插值推演,当载荷插值步长为10 t时,应力平均绝对误差为1.28%,实现了连接器应力场分布的快速预报与可视化展示。[结论]基于数字孪生技术所构建的连接器数字化模型可为海上浮式发电平台结构强度的快速动态感知及科学预测提供参考。

5兆瓦级V型浮式风机平台设计及稳性分析

基于静力学原理和规范要求,设计了一种搭载NREL 5 MW风机的V型半潜式平台,计算并验证了其结构完整稳性。结果表明平台设计优良合理,在工作工况和自存工况的各个倾斜轴下均能保证足够的结构稳性。自存工况时平台的最小许用重心高度为12.2 m,而实际重心高度为9.4 m,并未超出许用限值。值得注意的是,30°倾斜轴为平台危险轴,此时稳性相对较差,需要注意平台在此倾斜轴下的横倾运动。

基于OPENFAST的漂浮式风机运行状态仿真分析

针对漂浮式风机在多场耦合作用下整体状态的研究不足,本文通过对我国水文观测站数据进行分析,对作用于浮式风机的工况进行设计,并使用OpenFAST对风机整体运行状态进行仿真分析,同时,在相同风速不同波高、不同风速相同波高的作用下进行对比,对风浪载荷对风机的不同部位运行状态的影响进行总结。

大兆瓦级新型半潜式风机基础稳性对比分析

为了探究大兆瓦新型半潜式风机基础稳性分析的关键问题,探寻基于稳性分析的主尺度优化的路径。采用比例因子法设计了3种主尺度的搭载10 MW风机的新型三浮筒半潜式风机基础,通过包络计算方法,得到作用在基础上的风倾力矩。基于SESAM的Geni E和Hydro D模块对3种主尺度的漂浮式风机基础方案进行稳性计算,得到复原力矩曲线。三浮筒半潜式基础的型长与型宽与浮体的完整稳性具有相关性,随着型长与型宽的增大,风机基础的GM增大,静倾角减小,复原力矩曲线与风倾力矩曲线围蔽面积比减小,稳性性能提升。结果表明,新型三浮筒半潜式风机基础搭载10 MW风机基础具备可行性,且通过增大浮体的型长和型宽,可有效的提高大兆瓦三浮筒半潜式浮式风机基础的稳性,在进行概念设计方案优化时,可通过增大浮筒间距、浮筒直径等方式增大风机基础的型长和型宽从而提升风机基础的稳性性能。研究结果可为大兆瓦浮式基础的主尺度优化和稳性分析提供方法参考。