Migration Networks Pattern of China’s Floating Population from the Perspective of Complex Network

Since China’s reform and opening-up,the growing disparity between urban and rural areas and regions has led to massive migration.With China’s Rural Revitalization Strategy and the industrial transfer from the eastern coastal areas to the inland,the migration direction and pattern of the floating population have undergone certain changes.Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan regions of China,organized by China’s National Health Commission,the relationship matrix of the floating population is constructed according to the inflow place of the interviewees and their outflow place(the location of the registered residence)in the questionnaire survey.We then apply the complex network model to analyze the migration direction and network pattern of China’s floating population from the city scale.The migration network shows an obvious hierarchical agglomeration.The first-,second-,third-and fourth-tier distribution cities are municipalities directly under the central government,provincial capital cities,major cities in the central and western regions and ordinary cities in all provinces,respectively.The migration trend is from the central and western regions to the eastern coastal areas.The migration network has‘small world’characteristics,forming nine communities.It shows that most node cities in the same community are closely linked and geographically close,indicating that the migration network of floating population is still affected by geographical proximity.Narrowing the urban-rural and regional differences will promote the rational distribution this population.It is necessary to strengthen the reform of the registered residence system,so that the floating population can enjoy urban public services comparable to other populations,and allow migrants to live and work in peace.

Research on Cultural Consumption and Urban Integration of Floating Population

This paper examined the relationship between cultural consumption and the floating population’s integration into host cities based on data from China’s Seventh National Population Census and the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS).The findings indicate that improving the floating population’s consumption level and quality,especially the quality of development-oriented cultural consumption,can significantly improve the level of their integration.Moreover,development-oriented cultural consumption has a positive effect on the floating population’s integration and social participation,while entertainment-oriented cultural consumption facilitates their integration mainly by improving their sense of well-being.These findings could guide policymakers in developing targeted cultural consumption policies,implementing specific regional industry adjustments,and expanding domestic consumption demand.

Spatial Pattern of Long-term Residence in the Urban Floating Population of China and its Influencing Factors

Exploring long-term residence among the urban floating population is crucial to understanding urban growth in China,particularly since the 2008 financial crisis.By using China Migrants Dynamic Survey data for 2012–2014,China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data for 2014–2016,and macroscale urban matched data,we analyzed the spatial pattern of long-term residential behavior in China’s urban floating population in 2012–2016 and developed an urban spatial utility equilibrium model containing‘macro’urban factors and‘micro’individual and household factors to explain the pattern.The results first revealed that long-term residence is defined as≥6 yr for the urban floating population in China.Second,members of this population are more likely to be long-term residents of the megacities in the three urban agglomerations in eastern China as well as of small and medium-sized cities in western and northeastern China,whereas short-term residence is more likely in cities in central China and near the three urban agglomerations.Third,urban population density and housing prices,both have a significant U-shaped effect,are main factors affecting the spatial pattern of long-term residence.

Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A Case Study in Beijing

Floating population is a special population group in China resulting from the implementation of household registration system. This paper uses a set of floating population survey data, population censuses data and statistical data to analyze the increase and influence of floating population on the urban population situations in Beijing. It is found that Beijing has experienced a rapid increase of floating population since the 1990s and that the increase of this group has become the key factor of the current population expansion in the city. Its distribution in the urban regions intensified and extended the suburbanization process of the capital. In addition, the population structures of sex, age, education and employment in Beijing have changed to some extent due to the influx of floating population.

Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of urban floating population in China from 2011 to 2015

Although China’s urban floating population is mainly concentrated in developed cities,from the central and western cities to the eastern developed cities,but the characteristics of the floating population in different cities are significantly different.This paper systematically investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of the floating population in different levels of cities.The results show that the regional imbalance to further strengthen,accumulation and dispersion trend has become increasingly obvious,liquidity is positively correlated and city level scale,and urban agglomeration and the core city is still polarization center of floating population.Flow range is closely related to urban hierarchy:the higher the intra-urban grade,the more tend to inter-provincial flow;the lower the city grade,the more tend to intra-urban mobility.Short-term(1-2 years)and long-term(more than 7 years)flow-time coexist.The short-term liquidity increases with the city grade,and the long-term liquidity decreases with the city level.Farmers are still the main body of the floating population.Younger age,lower education level,low-skilled,high gender ratio employees are the most basic demographic characteristics of the floating population,although there are differences between different cities.The main reason for affecting the floating population is seeking jobs and doing business.

Demand for and Accessibility to Reproductive Health Service of Urban Floating Population

Summary： The demand for knowledge of productive health and the current status of productive health services provided by relevant governmental institutions were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. The study identified the key factors that influenced the demand for the productive health services and results of the services. It also discussed the effective approaches to control, planning and sustainable development of the reproductive health services for the floating populations.

Influencing Factors of Long-Term Residence Intention of Highly Educated Inter-Provincial and Intra-Provincial Floating Population From the Perspective of Social Integration:Take Guangdong Province for Example

Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying the long-term residence intention of the highly educated floating population is helpful for the city to attract and retain talents.From the perspective of social integration,using CMDS 2017 data and taking Guangdong Province for example,this paper studies the influencing factors of long-term residence intention through SPSS logistic regression,taking intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population with a bachelor’s degree or above as sample.The main conclusions are:(1)Marital and childbearing status is the primitive influencing factor of long-term residence intention among intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population.Samples with high income,under social insurance system,being female and having non-agricultural hukou,are tend to prefer long-term residence.Samples who connect with the locals and participate in social public welfare are more likely to stay.(2)Personal age and city livability have a significant positive impact on the long-term residence intention of the inter-provincial highly educated floating population,but agricultural hukou and self-employed laborer status will weaken the long-term residence intention of this group.(3)Participation in townsmen/alumni association has a positive effect on the long-term residence intention of the intra-provincial highly educated floating population,and connection with outlanders also promotes the long-term residence intention of this group.(4)The long-term residence intention of inter-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on reality,therefore they pay more attention to the development,changes,and livability of the destination city.However,the long-term residence intention of intra-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on perception,so they pay more attention to whether they like the city.Compared with intra-provincial flows,inter-provincial flows have higher economic and emotional migration costs,more institutional barriers,and more life adaptation problems.Therefore,the government should introduce targeted measures to promote social integration and improve long-term residence intention.

Family Planning Management Of the Floating Population in Xi'an City

ＦａｍｉｌｙＰｌａｎｎｉｎｇＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＯｆｔｈｅＦｌｏａｔｉｎｇＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎＸｉ＇ａｎＣｉｔｙ￥／／Ｕｒｂａｎｆａｍｉｌｙｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｕｎｉｔｓａｒｅａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｓｕｃｈｄｕｔｉｅｓ...

The “Floating Population” in Lhasa City

Lhasa,to some extent,is regarded as a holiday city.It is hard to meet people when they are in a rush. Whenever a pilgrimage procession passes by,you can always see the pilgrims holding their praying wheels, followed by dogs,while they walk peacefully along the path of the pilgrimage.On the edges of streets and laneways,tea bars are teeming with people playing cards or chatting.Once they sit down,they might easily let half a day slip by.

The regional types of China＇s floating population： Identification methods and spatial patterns

With the rapid increase of the number and influence of floating population in China,it is urgently needed to understand the regional types of China＇s floating population and their spatial characteristics. After reviewing the current methods for identifying regional types of floating population,this paper puts forward a new composite-index identification method and its modification version which is consisted of two indexes of the net migration rate and gross migration rate. Then,the traditional single-index and the new composite-index identification methods are empirically tested to explore their spatial patterns and characteristics by using China＇s 2000 census data at county level. The results show：（1） The composite-index identification method is much better than traditional single-index method because it can measure the migration direction and scale of floating simultaneously,and in particular it can identify the unique regional types of floating population with large scale of immigration and emigration. （2） The modified composite-index identification method,by using the share of a region＇s certain type of floating population to the total in China as weights,can effectively correct the over-or under-estimated errors due to the rather large or small total population of a region. （3） The spatial patterns of different regional types of China＇s floating population are closely related to the regional differentiation of their natural environment,population density and socio-economic development level. The three active regional types of floating population are mainly located in the eastern part of China with lower elevation,more than 800 mm precipitation,rather higher population densities and economic development levels.

China's Floating Population

HAIXIA, a young housekeeper working for my family, left her hometown in Wuwei County, Anhui Province, and came to Beijing two years ago when she was only 18 years of age. Her older sister and cousin also work as housekeepers in our neighborhood compound. The older relatives, both of whom have worked in Beijing for a number of years, visited their hometown and convinced Haixia to come to the city to seek work. Just as many other young village women, Haixia graduated from junior middle school and failed to

AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Survey among the “Migrant” Population in China

Objective To realize AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behavior among floating people in China and discuss its influencial factors, and to provide the evidence for how to prevent AIDS in floating population. Methods The data were collected from the ＂Sex and Reproductive Health Baseline Survey among Floating People in China＂ conducted in March 2004. The standard questionnaires were used to interview altogether 4 900 floating people from 6 provinces. Results Nearly 95.4 % of them had heard about AIDS, but only 0.5% can judge all the transmitted ways and no-transmitted ways correctly, 45.9 % believed that we need to isolate the HIV positive people. Only 65.7% knew that using condom can preventive HIV infection, 43. 7% showed their understanding about the man who has long time no sexual life has sex with a sexual worker. About 13.6% floating people chose condom as FP method and among them only 34. 6% used condom every time. Conclusion Chinese floating people are lack of AIDS knowledge. Most of them do not practise Safe Sex Activity. We need to give more intervention to the floating population.

Problems in Statistical Data of Agricultural Population in the United States in 1910-1970

According to the data surveyed and released respectively by 3 official authorities including the Bureau of Agricultural Economics under US Department of Agriculture,Bureau of Labor Statistics under US Department of Labor and the Census Bureau under US Department of Commerce,the agricultural population in the United States had a sharp decrease in 1910-1970,and the population structure had completed the transition from agricultural population to industrial population. But there are also some omissions in the official statistical data,mainly including the " agricultural service" workers,floating agricultural population,illegal immigrants and child laborers. These 4 kinds of labor force population that directly or indirectly engage in farm production are not included in the agricultural population of the United States. For the purpose of exaggerating agricultural labor productivity and covering up exploitation from the perspective of the official US authorities and due to limited statistical methods as well as complicated conditions,some data problems including great difference in agricultural population statistics and inaccurate absolute quantity have been caused.

Environmental pollution and migrant settlement decision: Evidence from China

With the development of economy,people’s awareness of environmental protection has been constantly awakened,and their attention to environmental governance has also been increasing.The environmental conditions of residential areas are also becoming more and more important for residents to make settlement decisions.This study is the first to match the data of the air quality index to the data on the health monitoring of the floating population at the urban level.Moreover,it is the first to discuss the influence of environmental pollution on the settlement decision of the floating population.The results reveal that the higher the degree of environmental pollution(the level of infrastructure and public welfare)in a city,the greater the probability that the floating population will leave the city.The effects of environmental pollution are significant after considering other household,personal,and city characteristics of a population.Regarding family income constraints,the impact of environmental pollution on the migration decision of middle-income groups in the floating population is significantly lower than that of low-income groups.Moreover,there is a threshold effect of income.The influence of environmental pollution on the corresponding floating population settlement decision is different under different urban scales and current housing prices.

China’s migrant population and health

Population flow brings vitality to China’s economy and society,while at the same time it also impacts traditional social structures and culture.In recent years,with the gradual disappearance of the“demographic dividend”and the advancement of economic structural transformation and upgrading,there have been changes to China’s population flow that are worth of noting.In particular,the changing health status of China’s migrant population has attracted the attention of scholars.Because non-migrant and migrant populations have significant behavioral and lifestyle differences,and because living environments and the provision and utilization of medical and health care services differ,the health status of the two populations are different.Young migrants are more prone to mental health problems than young non-migrants,while migrant women of childbearing age are likely have reproductive health problems than local women.The health status of young and middle-aged migrants will deteriorate with the extension of their flowing time.For elderly migrants,social support has a positive effect on health status.At present,China’s migrant population is threatened by infectious diseases,chronic non-infectious diseases and mental illnesses,while the supply of basic public health services is insufficient.Therefore,health work for migrant populations should occur against the backdrop of the“Comprehensive Health”,with this being used as a guideline.At the same time,health planning should make use of social integration and health promotion,equalization of basic public health care services,“Internet+”,and other schemes to improve the health status of the migrant population.