龙葵UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS类SnUFO2基因C端序列的保守性对花发育的影响

【目的】UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS(UFO)基因属于F-box基因家族,是重要的花器官特征基因。UFO基因N端能与Skp1类基因结合形成Skp1-Cullin1-F-box(SCF)复合体,参与泛素化过程并降解C端结合的靶蛋白。为了探究C端序列对龙葵Solanum nigrum花发育的影响,本研究克隆了一个C末端缺失的SnUFO2*基因并构建其表达载体转入龙葵植株中,观察转基因龙葵植株花器官变化,从而深入探讨UFO基因完整的C末端序列在龙葵花发育中的重要作用。【方法】利用生物信息学分析软件对SnUFO2*和全长的SnUFO2比较分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)对SnUFO2*基因在野生型龙葵植株根、茎、叶、花苞中进行表达分析;通过超表达载体的构建、转基因植株表型的观察及石蜡切片技术验证SnUFO2基因的功能。【结果】SnUFO2*基因ORF长度为1302 bp,编码433个氨基酸,与龙葵中完整的SnUFO2基因相比,其C末端缺失了23个氨基酸。RT-qPCR结果显示:SnUFO2*基因在野生型植株的花苞中特异性表达。对转基因植株的表型观察发现:35S::SnUFO2*转基因龙葵植株的花瓣向萼片转化。石蜡切片分析发现:转基因龙葵植株雄蕊缺失,雌蕊处有不确定的分生组织产生。【结论】35S::SnUFO2*转基因龙葵植株花瓣、雄蕊和心皮发育异常。C端结构缺失可能降低了SnUFO2蛋白特异性识别靶蛋白的能力,说明该基因完整的C末端对龙葵花器官发育至关重要。

Morphological and Anatomical Analyses of a Floral Organ Mutant in Rice

A spontaneously occurred rice ( Oryza sativa L.) mutant characterized by homeotic conversions in glumes and stamens was found in the progeny of a breeding material. The mutant plant shows degenerated glumes and morphological transformation of stamens into pistils. A mutant floret consists of 1 to 3 completely developed pistils and 4 to 6 incomplete pistils with no ovary. Some pistilloid stamens still have filaments but tipped by bulged tissue and 0 to 3 stigmas. Three ovaries in a single floret were observed in its cross and longitudinal sections. When the mutant plants were pollinated with pollens from wild type plants, one or two naked seeds instead of a caryopsis could be produced in a single floret. The mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene since its F 1 hybrid plants were restored to wild type and 3∶1 ratio of wild type to mutant plants were observed in the progeny of heterozygotes. It seems that the mutant phenotype of the homeotic conversions in glumes and stamens is similar to that of the B loss_of_function mutants in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum .

Morphological and Physiological Differences in the Floral Organs of Hosui Pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) between Normal and Returning Bloom during Late Autumn

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological differences between the flowers opening spring and late autumn of Hosui Asian pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）. [Method] Pear flowers were collected from normal bloom（NB） and returning bloom periods during late autumn in 2011-2013,respectively. The morphological and physiological indices including pollen number,germination rate, petal length, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, amino acid content, pollen tube growth, fruiting characteristics of NB and RB flowers were detected and compared. [Result] The filament length and petal area of RB flowers were significantly smaller than those of NB flowers. The contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars and amino acids of RB pollens were significantly smaller than those of NB flowers. In addition, the abortion rate of RB flowers was higher than that of NB flowers. [Conclusion] RB flowers had complete floral organs and were capable of pollination, but they were different from NB flowers in some morphological and physiological indices.

Study on Supercooling Point and Freezing Point in Floral Organs of Apricot

Under the environment of an artificial climate chamber, supercooling point （SCP） and freezing point （FP） in flower and young fruit at different development stages and freezing injuries of floral organs were studied. The apricot cultivars tested were Kety, Golden Sun and Honghebao. With the development of flower buds, SCP and FP increased, which indicated that their cold resistance decreased. SCP and FP varied with different floral organs. For different apricot cultivars, it was found that, the lower SCP or FP in floral organs was, the more resistant capacity the cultivar had, and the larger the temperature interval from SCP to FP was. SCP was not a constant value, but a range. Frequency distribution of SCP in petals was more dispersing than that in stamens and pistils. Floral organs could maintain a supercooling state to avoid ice formation, but they were sensitive to freezing. Once floral organs froze, thev turned brown after thawing.

Impact of chilling accumulation and hydrogen cyanamide on floral organ development of sweet cherry in a warm region

The microscopic investigation of the floral development of sweet cherry（Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng） from a warm winter climate（Shanghai） and cold winter climate（Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China） was conducted to explore the reason of low fruit set. The effect of hydrogen cyanamide（HCN） on floral development under warm winter conditions was also investigated. Trees grown in Shanghai with insufficient chilling accumulation exhibited little difference in the progression of microspore development compared to trees in Tai＇an that accumulated adequate chilling, but showed substantial delays in ovule and embryo sac development. The growth of nucelli did not proceed beyond the macrospore mother cell and macrospore stages with abortion rates of 13, 15 and 45% by 6, 3 and 0 d before full bloom, respectively. These abnormalities in the ovule and embryo sac in the Shanghai-grown trees were eliminated by HCN application. These results suggest that chilling regulates the development of female floral organs in winter dormancy; therefore, insufficient chilling accumulation, causing abnormality of the female floral organs, restricts the cultivation of sweet cherry in warm winter regions. Interestingly, HCN application, which decreased the chilling requirements for Hongdeng, may be a potential strategy for sweet cherry cultivation in warm winter regions.

Dynamic Changes in Endogenous Hormones in Rhododen- dron simsii Floral Organs

This study was conducted to investigate the dynamic changes of several hormones in Rhododendron simsii floral organs to provide theoretical basis for controlling its flowering period. A R. simsii variety ＂Purple Crane＂ was selected as the experimental material, and its flower organs were sampled at nine floral developmental stages to measure the contents of gibberellic acid-3 （GA3 ）, abscisic acid （ABA）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, and zeatin riboside （ZR） through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The results showed that the content of ZR was highest at full flowering stage; IAA and GA3 contents were higher than other stages in the process of flower bud differentiation and flowering. ABA played an important role in the regulation of flower bud formation. The results will provide theoretical references for exploring the regulation of plant hormones towards Rhododendron flower traits and breeding new varieties.

Changes in Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Floral Organ Development in a Soybean Cytoplasmic-nuclear Male Sterile Line

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 B as experimental materials,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,starch content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline content in flower buds,alabastrums and mature flowers were determined,and the contents and changes of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),isopentenyl adenosine(iPA)and abscisic acid(ABA)at the three stages were analyzed.[Results]The activity of SOD and CAT and the contents of MDA and free proline in the sterile line at the flower bud stage were lower than those of the maintainer line,but the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and their values were higher than those of the maintainer line;the POD activity of the sterile line was significantly lower than that of the maintainer line at the flower bud stage,and the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and its values were higher than those of the maintainer line;and the starch content and soluble sugar content of sterile line 9 A showed an overall upward trend,and were significantly lower than those of the maintainer line 9 B at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage.During the whole development process of floral organs,the content of IAA in sterile line 9 A showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the content of iPA increased gradually.The contents of hormones in the sterile line were lower than those in the maintainer line.The ratios of IAA/ABA,IAA/GA3,IAA/iPA and ABA/GA3 in the sterile line were significantly different from those in the maintainer line.It is inferred that the abnormal physiological characteristics of floral organ development are related to the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility of soybean.The alabastrum stage may be a critical period for the occurrence of abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes in the floral organs of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of fine sterile lines of soybean and the research on the mechanism of sterility.

Morphological Characteristics of Floral Organ at Different Microspore Developmental Stage in Balsam Pear （Momordica Charantia L.）

The relationship between microspore developmental stages and morphological characteristics of floral organ in balsam pear was studied. The results showed that flower buds developed a series of morphological changes at different microspore developmental stages, and morphological characteristics of floral organ were significantly different when sampling from different part or cultivar of balsam pear. Anther at late-uninucleate stage was best for culture, in which stage flower buds swelled obviously, and white floss on the surface reduced. In addition, calyxes were obvious but did not spread, and the most of anthers were light green.

An Exploratory Study on Allelic Diversity for Five Genetic Loci Associated with Floral Organ Development in Rice

Allelic diversity for five genetic loci (DL, FON4, OsMADS24, OsMADS45 and Spw1) associated with floral organ development were investigated among a small heterogeneous rice population which included one wild species (O. rufipogon Griffiths), one indigenous less popular natural floral organ mutant (O. sativa var. indica cv. Jugal), one indigenous normal line (O. sativa var. indica cv. Bhutmoori) and one improved high yielding line (O. sativa var. indica cv. IR 36). Detailed spikelet morphology showed that var. Jugal had variable number (1 - 3) of carpels within a single spikelet which was unique and resulted in variable (1 - 3) number of kernels within a single matured spikelet (grain). The genomic DNA of each investigated line was amplified with primer sequences designed from the selected genetic loci and the derived polymorphism profiles were used for study of allelic diversity for the studied loci. The derived genetic distances among the rice lines were used for dendrogram construction. In constructed dendrogram, the mutant genotype (Jugal) showed highest similarity with the wild rice (O. rufipogon) instead of the rice lines. To verify this finding, the genomic DNA of each studied line was also amplified with four SSR loci, tightly linked to saltol QTL, mapped to rice chromosome 1. The amplified products were screened for polymorphism and another dendrogram was constructed to reveal the genetic distance among the lines for selected salt tolerance linked SSR loci. In SSR derived dendrogram, the wild rice (O. rufipogon) got totally separated from the all three rice genotypes though all the studied four lines showed equal sensitivity for salt sensitivity in a physiological screening experiment. From the combined experiment, it can be concluded that genetic architecture of floral organ development loci in var. Jugal may have some uniqueness which is not present in normal rice but common to O. rufipogon, a species which is regarded as immediate progenitor of present day modern rice (O. sativa). Though this uniqueness was not confirmed by second set genetic loci associated with salt tolerance in rice, the information resulted from this experiment was preliminary and based only on allelic size (molecular weight of amplicon), which should be confirmed through sequence analysis for further analysis.

Phenotypic Characterization, Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a New Floral Organ Mutant Gene in Rice

A rice floral organ mutant, srs2, derived from a spontaneous mutation, was first discovered in a japonica rice variety GNZ. The mutant displayed various abnormalities in floral organ including longer paleas/lemmas, split spikelets, palea/lemma-like lodicules, two florets of the same rachilla, a decrease in stamen number, and an increase in pistil number. Moreover, the seed-setting rate of the mutant was also reduced to 9.8%. Observations of the floral organ morphogenesis by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the mutant indicated that the development of androecium and gynoecia was abnormal and an additional floret and several palea/lemma-like lodicules were usually formed by the irregular development of the floral meristem. Genetic analysis of 4 F2 and 2 BC1F1 populations showed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, and designated as srs2 (spit rice spikelet 2). Screening of 643 F2 mutant individuals derived from the cross of srs2 × 202R with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers demonstrated that SRS2 is located between the molecular marker S31 and L75, at a distances of 0.07 and 2 cM, respectively, on chromosome 3. The SRS2 gene was also discussed to be a new floral organ identity gene in rice.

Research on Various Factors Affecting the Dedifferentiation of Different Floral Organs of Jinxiu Wild Chive

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate various factors affecting the dedifferentiation of different floral organs of Jinxiu wild chive.[Method]Floral organs of Jinxiu wild chive were cultured in vitro,to analyze the effects of basic medium,exogenous hormone type and combination,and blossoming status of buds on callus induction.[Result]MS medium was the most suitable medium for callus induction from buds.NAA was conducive to improving callus formation rate compared with other auxins.Non-blossomed buds exhibited the highest rate of callus induction.Under the same culture conditions,the rate of callus induction varied extremely significantly among various floral organs;to be specific,the rate of callus induction from floral disc reached the highest,followed successively by bud and pedicel,but no callus was formed in floral axis group.[Conclusion]This study laid the foundation for further establishment of tissue culture and rapid propagation system of Jinxiu wild chive and other wild chives and provided technical support for the preservation,development and utilization of wild chive germplasm resources.

Characterization of the Rice Floral Organ Number Mutantfon3

A spontaneous rice mutant named floral organ number 3 (fon3) had major mutations in floral organ numbers. Genetic analysis indicated that fon3 acted as a single recessive gene. Microscopic observation showed that the number of floral organs in fon3 increased centripetally. For example, the number of pistils was the more frequently increased than organs in the outer whorls. Homeotic conversion of lodicules and glumes into palea/lemma-like organs was observed in some flowers. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the size of flower meristems was maintained the same or similar until the lemma primordium started to differentiate, at which time the floral meristem became enlarged, suggesting abnormal development of the inner whorls of rice florets. The relationship of fon3 with other similar rice mutants is discussed.

Identification and Expression of Floral Organ Homeotic Genes from Alpinia oblongifolia (Zingiberaceae)

Current understanding of the classical ABC model of floral development has provided a new set of characters to evaluate floral evolution. However, what is still lacking is a clear assessment of this genetic program across monocots. Here, to investigate the evolution of members of class A and B genes in monocots, we report the sequence characteristic and transcript expression of three new MADS-box genes in Alpinia oblongifolia Hayata. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis reveals that these genes are FUL-like and AP3-1ike. Therefore, they were termed AoFL1, AoFL2 and AoAP3. AoFL1 contains the FUL motif, but AoFL2 lacks this motif. Their expression revealed by in situ hybridization may reflect the ancestral function of FUL-like genes in the specification of inflorescence and floral meristems. The AoAP3 gene contains two conserved motifs, the PI-derived and paleoAP3 motifs. The AoAP3 transcripts located to the corolla and stamen, and hybridization signals were detected in the central whorl. These expression patterns suggest that the functions of homologous organ identity genes are diversified in A. oblongifolia. The implications of these findings on the conservation of homologous gene function are discussed.

睡莲品种保罗蓝花器官不同部位的转录组测序分析

为探究热带睡莲花器官不同部位的花香代谢通路及参与萜类香气物质生物合成的差异表达基因,本研究借助转录组测序技术,以热带睡莲品种保罗蓝为研究对象,对其花器官的花瓣(PE,petal)、雄蕊(ST,stamen)和雌蕊(PI,pistil)3个部位进行转录组测序分析。差异表达基因分析结果显示,花瓣相对于雌蕊(PE-vs-PI)、雄蕊相对于雌蕊(ST-vs-PI)和雄蕊相对于花瓣(ST-vs-PE)的差异表达基因数目分别为7853个、7501个和2526个。GO分类和富集分析显示,3个比较组的差异表达基因主要参与了生物调节、细胞过程、代谢过程和刺激应答的生物学过程;KEGG分类和富集分析显示,PE-vs-PI的差异表达基因显著富集的KEGG通路最多,其次为ST-vs-PI,ST-vs-PE最少。从3个比较组共有的794个差异表达基因中筛选出98个参与萜类物质代谢差异表达基因,富集于4条萜类物质合成通路,且PE-vs-PI和ST-vs-PI的差异表达基因数目均高于ST-vs-PE。已知的金合欢醛和二萜贝壳杉烯合成关键基因HMGR和DXS在花瓣和雄蕊的表达量均高于雌蕊。从98个差异表达基因中随机选取了6个基因进行q RT-PCR验证,基因表达变化趋势与转录组测序一致。研究结果为热带睡莲萜类香气物质生物合成分子机制研究提供了科学参考。

不同品种草莓花器与花粉特征变异及SSR遗传多样性研究

草莓花器特征和花粉形态在品种之间存在一定的差异,这些差异对草莓品种的分类具有指导意义。为研究南方地区主栽的10个草莓品种花器、花粉及其与品种分类的关系,对其花部特征、花粉形态进行比较,并对13个花粉和花器性状进行相关性和主成分分析,同时进行了品种间简单重复序列(SSR)标记遗传多样性分析。花器特征显示,甜查理的花瓣长、花瓣宽和花萼宽的特征值显著高于其他9个品种,其次是宁玉和妙香7号,红颊、红玉和越心的花瓣长、花瓣宽、花冠径则明显低于其他品种。红颊、白雪公主、妙香7号和宁玉在极轴长、花粉大小、花粉形状、萌发沟长等花粉特性上高于其他品种。主成分分析结果显示,4个主成分累积贡献率为85.96%,其中花瓣长、花瓣宽和花萼宽的大小特征在第1主成分中具有较大载荷值。SSR分析结果显示,10个草莓栽培品种间的相似系数范围为0.47~0.85,在相似系数0.65处10个草莓品种分为两大类,红颊、章姬、红玉、粉玉1号、越心、白雪公主6个品种聚为一类,甜查理、越秀、妙香7号、宁玉4个品种聚为一类。结合草莓花器特征、花粉特性及其主成分分析与SSR标记聚类结果和系谱情况,花粉形态特性在草莓品种之间的差异不明显,花器特征的花瓣长、花瓣宽、花萼宽适用于品种分类,对指导育种亲本选择有参考意义。

基因调控植物花器官发育的研究进展

花作为被子植物的繁殖器官,是植物的重要组成部分,也是研究植物进化、分类的重要依据。花器官的发育受到外部环境和内部生理等多种因素的影响,不同物种或同一物种间出现不同的性状,基因作为其中的关键因子,在整个过程中发挥着重要作用,其在花发育调控中的作用一直都是大家研究的热点。花器官的花萼、花冠、雄蕊、雌蕊、胚珠五轮结构分别受到AE花发育模型中A、B、C、D、E五类基因的调控,这些基因在花器官发育过程中形成了一个复杂的基因调控网络。各类基因的表达或沉默均会导致花器官的结构发生改变,但不同的物种之间又存在差异。本研究综述了MADS-box、AP2/ERF基因家族相关成员AP1、AP2、AP3、PI、AG、SEP、AGL6、SHP、STK及其他基因NAP、SPL、TGA、PAN、WOX等在花器官建成中的调控作用,从分子水平解析了基因在花器官发育中的影响,为进一步深入了解基因在各植物花器官发育调控中的作用提供参考。

楸树远缘杂交种花器官性状变异分析

为明确楸树(Catalpa bungei)远缘杂交种花器官性状的表型变异程度和变异规律,以12株楸树远缘杂交种为材料,采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等统计分析方法,对楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征、花序性状、花朵性状和花色性状指标进行研究。结果表明:楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征差异明显,楸梓杂交种为假三叉分枝,花芽分化能力强,嫁接当年持续多轮开花,花期长达100 d以上,表现出母本性状。楸梓杂交种的花器官特征差异显著,花序轴共7~9轮侧枝,主轴为无限花序,侧枝为二歧聚伞花序,从底层到顶层过度为聚伞花序,处于楸树有限花序到梓树无限花序的过渡性状。花总长度、花筒直径、花筒长度、花冠宽度、花梗长度、雌蕊长度、花药长度、雄蕊长度、不育雄蕊长度的变幅分别为35.42~50.36,10.84~16.13,16.57~24.68,31.58~44.87,9.07~31.99,19.44~27.52,4.85~5.89,13.93~21.10,3.66~6.79 mm,变异系数为10.88%~31.02%,多样性指数(H’)为1.36~1.93,并以9个性状指标将12株杂交种聚为大花型、中花型、小花型3类。楸树杂交种间花色差异显著,以L*、a*、b*值将12株杂交种的唇瓣花斑颜色聚为3类,分别是粉紫色型、紫红色型和紫色型。

大豆B类花器官特征基因的生物信息学分析

大豆花器官较小且闭花授粉,导致人工杂交效率低,品种遗传基础狭窄。MADS-box基因家族成员APETALA3(AP3)和PISTILLATA(PI)作为花发育ABCDE模型中的B类基因,共同控制花瓣与雄蕊的形成,在花器官形态建成中发挥重要作用。为明确大豆中B类基因的进化模式,并探究其在不同大豆品种中的遗传变异,本研究通过生物信息学手段对大豆B类基因进行了基因结构、系统进化、保守基序、共线性、单倍型分析及物理性质预测等研究。结果显示:大豆基因组中11个B类基因,分别属于3个亚组,其中GmAP304(Glyma.04G027200)、GmAP306(Glyma.06G027200)、GmAP303(Glyma.03G111500)、GmAP316(Glyma.16G105600)和GmAP312(Glyma.12G118100)属于paleoAP3亚组,GmTM601(Glyma.01G169600)和GmTM611(Glyma.11G073700)属于TM6亚组,GmPI13(Glyma.13G034100)、GmPI14(Glyma.14G155100)、GmPI04(Glyma.04G245500)和GmPI06(Glyma.06G117600)属于PI亚组,且各亚组B类基因结构相对保守;大豆B类基因编码的蛋白中共有10个motif,其中motif 1、motif 4和motif 5与MADS结构域重叠。表达量数据分析显示,GmAP304、GmAP306、GmPI04、GmPI06、GmPI13、GmPI14、GmTM601和GmTM611在大豆花中有较高表达。结合单倍型分析发现,GmAP304、GmAP312、GmPI06、GmPI13和GmPI14在栽培大豆中只包含1种单倍型,比其它大豆B类基因更加保守,可能在控制花器官形成中行使更为重要的功能。本研究结果有助于完善大豆花器官发育模型,进一步阐明B类基因的功能,为大豆花器官的改造提供分子靶点,对提高大豆育种效率、拓宽品种遗传基础具有重要意义。

马蔺花器官表型特征及色素分析

为分析马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis)种质花器官表型性状,明确马蔺花瓣的色素成分,以中国6个省市不同生境条件下22份马蔺种质资源为试验材料,对花冠这一重要观赏部位的表型特征及花色素进行系统研究。采用RHSCC比色和色差仪测色方法描述了马蔺种质花器官表型性状,并通过亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝显色法和pH示差法等方法测定了马蔺花色素质量分数,分析不同色系马蔺花色素表达差异。结果表明:22份马蔺种质花瓣花色可分为浅蓝色、浅蓝紫色、深蓝紫色和紫罗兰色4大色系,垂瓣和旗瓣明度(L^(*))与a^(*)呈负相关,与b^(*)呈正相关,与彩度(c^(*))呈负相关。不同色系马蔺花器官表型特征不同,4大色系中紫罗兰色花瓣最大、花葶最高、垂瓣花斑最小,浅蓝色花瓣最小、花葶最低、垂瓣花斑最大,说明花瓣颜色越深,花瓣越大,垂瓣花斑则越小;不同色系马蔺花瓣中色素质量分数差异显著,浅蓝色花瓣中类胡萝卜素质量分数显著高于紫罗兰色,而紫罗兰色花瓣中的类黄酮质量分数和花色苷质量分数显著高于浅蓝色。随花瓣颜色加深,类胡萝卜素质量分数降低,类黄酮和花色苷质量分数相应增加。相关性分析表明,类胡萝卜素质量分数与垂旗瓣L^(*)均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与垂旗瓣a^(*)、c^(*)均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。类黄酮质量分数与垂旗瓣L^(*)、b^(*)均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与垂旗瓣a^(*)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与垂旗瓣c^(*)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。花色苷质量分数与测色参数相关性的结果与类黄酮相似,表明类黄酮和花色苷质量分数对马蔺花呈色具有重要作用。

台湾连蕊茶不同花期及花器官挥发性成分分析

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)技术,对台湾连蕊茶(Camellia lutchuensis T.Ito)不同花期及花器官的挥发性成分及其相对含量进行分析。结果表明:台湾连蕊茶不同花期和花器官的主要挥发性成分均为醇类。台湾连蕊茶5个花期(包括蕾初期、蕾后期、半开期、盛花期和衰败期)花器官的挥发性成分分别有42、38、33、37和28种,其中芳樟醇和苯乙醇的相对含量总体较高,为主要香气成分。在花开放过程中,芳樟醇相对含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,在蕾初期最高(61.27%);苯乙醇相对含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在半开期最高(59.40%)。花瓣和雄蕊的挥发性成分分别有32和43种,其中花瓣中芳樟醇相对含量最高(32.95%),雄蕊中苯乙醇相对含量最高(48.55%)。综上所述,台湾连蕊茶花器官主要香气成分为醇类中的芳樟醇和苯乙醇。