Combined Application of Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method and Flow Field Fitting Method for High-Resolution Exploration： A Case Study of the Anjialing No. 1 Coal Mine

The Anjialing No. 1 Coal Mine in Shanxi Province, China, contains a complicated old goaf and an unknown water distribution that hold high potential for serious water hazards. Due to poor detection resolution, previous attempts have failed to determine the scope of the old goal and the water distribution in the mine by separate use of various exploration methods such as seismic method, direct current resistivity, audio magnetotellurics, controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics, and transient electromag-netics. To solve this difficult problem, a combination of the wide-field electromagnetic method and the flow field fitting method with three-dimensional resistivity data inversion was applied to determine the precise scope of the goal and the locations where water is present, and to identify the hydraulic con- nection between the water layers so as to provide reliable technical support for safe coal production. Reasonable results were achieved, with all these goals being met. As a result, a mining area of nearly 4 km^2 has been released for operation.

Simulation of Temperature and Flow Field by Three Dimension Finite ElementMethod for Castex Process of AS Wire

Castex of AS wire is a new technology of near net shape. To study the variation of temperature and velocity of liquid (or semisolid) aluminum during dynamic solidification the numerical simulation was carried out with the theory of heat-transfer and hydrodynamics by means of 3-dimensional finite element method. From simulation results, it is found that the variation of temperature and velocityis mainly influenced by the casting temperature of aluminum, rotating speed of Castex wheel and flow of cooling water. Among theseinfluencing factors, the casting temperature distributes most to the length of liquid phase metal. Moreover, the faster the metal solidifies,the higher the metal there moves with the overall trend of descending from the bottom of the wheel to the shoe wall as well as from sidewalls to the center of wheel groove. In comparison with the practical value, the simulation is reliable.

Effect of fluid flow on solidified equiaxed dendrite morphology evolution based on phase field-lattice Boltzmann method

Fluid flow can significantly change the evolution of microstructural morphology. However, relatively little is known how the fluid flow, concentration and microstructure affect each other quantitatively, which is essential to optimize processing parameters. A quantitative simulation study of Al-Cu solidified equiaxed dendrite evolution under forced flow based on phase field-lattice Boltzmann method(PF-LBM) is carried out. Results obtained are validated by Gibbs-Thomson relation at the dendrite tip. Compared with the equiaxed dendrite evolution without flow, the upstream dendrite arm is enhanced while the downstream arm is inhibited. Besides, as the inlet flow rate increases, the secondary arms attached onto the upstream primary arm and the upstream side of the primary arm normal to the inflow velocity has been well developed. Results show that sidewise instabilities of the primary dendrite arm and onset of secondary arm is caused by the local concentration perturbation and will be enhanced or inhabited by the flow. It is believed that the coupled PF-LBM method is able to handle dendrite evolution under forced flow quantitatively, which helps in investigating the solidified dendrite morphology evolution.

RECONSTRUCTION OF PART OF AN ACTUAL BLAST-WAVE FLOW FIELD TO AGREE WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA BY USING NUMERICAL METHOD WITH HIGH IDENTIFICATION

In this paper, on the basis of experimental data of two kinds of chemical explosions, the piston-pushing model of spherical blast-waves and the second-order Godunov-type scheme of finite difference methods with high identification to discontinuity are used to the numerical reconstruction of part of an actual hemispherical blast-wave flow field by properly adjusting the moving bounary conditions of a piston. This method is simple and reliable. It is suitable to the evaluation of effects of the blast-wave flow field away from the explosion center.

Internal Flow Field Measurement of Gas Turbine Based on Optical Flow Method

The in-cylinder flow field of the internal combustion engine is an important factor affecting the quality and combustion quality of the fuel mixture in the cylinder. In order to calculate the high-precision flow field, the paper presents a flow field calculation method based on the optical flow algorithm. The motion of the point was calculated using the change in pixel intensity within two temporally adjacent frame images. The results show the high accuracy and resolution of the flow field at small displacement conditions.

Numerical study on the characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on slope

In this study, characteristics of flow field and wave propagation near submerged breakwater on a sloping bed are investigated with numerical model. The governing equations of the vertical two-dimensional model are Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. The Reynolds stress terms are closed by a nonlinear k - ε turbulence transportation model. The free surface is traced through the PILC-VOF method. The proposed numerical model is verified with experimental results. The numerical result shows that the wave profile may become more asymmetrical when wave propagates over breakwater. When wave crest propagates over breakwater, the anticlockwise vortex may generate. On the contrary, when wave hollow propagates over breakwater, the clockwise vortex may generate. Meanwhile, the influenced zone of vortex created by wave crest is larger than that created by wave hollow. All the maximum values of the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation and eddy viscosity occur on the top of breakwater. Both the turbulent dissipation and eddy viscosity increase as the turbulent kinetic energy increases. Wave energy may rapidly decrease near the breakwater because turbulent dissipation increases and energy in lower harmonics is transferred into higher harmonics.

Finite Element Numerical Simulation and PIV Measurement of Flow Field inside Metering-in Spool Valve

The finite element method （FEM） and particle image velocimetry （PIV） technique are utilized to get the flow field along the inlet passage, the chamber, the metering port and the outlet passage of spool valve at three different valve openings. For FEM numerical simulation, the stream function ψ-vorticity ω forms of continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are employed and FEM is applied to discrete the equations. Homemade simulation codes are executed to compute the values of stream function and vorticity at each node in the flow domain, then according to the correlation between stream function and velocity components, the velocity vectors of the whole field are calculated. For PIV experiment, pulse Nd： YAG laser is exploited to generate laser beam, cylindrical and spherical lenses are combined each other to produce 1.0 mm thickness laser sheet to illuminate the object plane, Polystyrene spherical particle with diameter of 30-50 μm is seeded in the fluid as a tracing particles, Kodak ES 1.0 CCD camera is employed to capture the images of interested, the images are processed with fast Fourier transform （FFT） cross-correlation algorithm and the processing results is displayed. Both results of numerical simulation and PIV experimental show that there are three main areas in the spool valve where vortex is formed. Numerical results also indicate that the valve opening have some effects on the flow structure of the valve. The investigation is helpful for qualitatively analyzing the energy loss, noise generating, steady state flow forces and even designing the geometry structure and flow passage.

Density and temperature reconstruction of a flame-induced distorted flow field based on background-oriented schlieren(BOS) technique

An experimental system based on the background-oriented schlieren（BOS） technique is built to reconstruct the density and temperature distribution of a flame-induced distorted flow field which has a density gradient. The cross-correlation algorithm with sub-pixel accuracy is introduced and used to calculate the background-element displacement of a disturbed image and a fourth-order difference scheme is also developed to solve the Poisson equation. An experiment for a disturbed flow field caused by a burning candle is performed to validate the built BOS system and the results indicate that density and temperature distribution of the disturbed flow field can be reconstructed accurately. A notable conclusion is that in order to make the reconstructed results have a satisfactory accuracy, the inquiry step length should be less than the size of the interrogation window.

Flow Field Analysis of Submerged Horizontal Plate Type Breakwater

Submerged horizontal plate can be considered as a new concept breakwater. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type breakwater, boundary element method is utilized to investigate the velocity field around plate carefully. The flow field analysis shows that the interaction between incident wave and reverse flow caused by submerged plate will lead to the formation of wave elimination area around both sides of the plate. The velocity magnitude of flow field has been reduced and this is the main reason of wave elimination.

IDDES方法模拟风切变下大型水平轴风力机流场特性

为研究风切变条件下大型水平轴风力机流场特性,以NH 1500 kW大型水平轴风力机为研究对象,运用计算流体力学中模拟流场精度较高的IDDES(改进延迟分离涡)方法,分析流场内瞬时速度分量、脉动速度和风力机输出功率。结果表明:风轮平面周围流场速度波动大,轴向速度在风轮旋转边界以外的区域会增大,在旋转边界以内的区域会亏损;脉动风速频谱特性在低频区与风轮转频的整数倍相关,风力机功率呈余弦形式输出并满足湍流谱特性。

渗漏入口大小及形状对拟流场法渗漏探测的影响研究

为深入研究渗漏入口大小及形状对拟流场法渗漏探测的影响规律,通过构建堤坝渗漏数值模型,模拟了拟流场法在实际工程中的探测情况。研究了水库拟流场的基本分布特征,揭示了不同大小及形状的渗漏入口附近的电流密度分布规律,并提出了不同大小及形状的渗漏入口在平行于坝轴线和平行于坝面垂直于坝轴线两个方向上拟流场影响范围及电流密度峰值的经验公式。结果表明:线状渗漏入口的电流密度比相同面积圆形渗漏入口的电流密度小,且线状渗漏入口短边影响范围比相同长度的圆形渗漏入口大,长边影响范围比相同长度的圆形渗漏入口小。研究揭示了渗漏入口大小及形状对测线上电流密度分布的影响规律,可为实际工程探测中利用测线上的电流密度分布情况判断渗漏入口大小与形状提供依据。

高铁齿轮箱飞溅润滑性能数值模拟与型腔结构参数优化

以高铁齿轮箱齿轮啮合处平均压力和输出端集油盒处润滑油平均体积分数为评价指标,通过流体仿真软件ANSYS CFX,采用浸入实体法,建立了高铁齿轮箱斜齿轮飞溅润滑的CFD数值仿真模型。运用响应面Box-Behnken实验研究得出了径向距离、轴向距离、导油筋宽度对集油盒处润滑油平均体积分数和齿轮啮合处平均压力的二次回归模型,并对设计参数进行了优化。结果显示,最优参数为径向距离22.92 mm、轴向距离50 mm、导油筋宽度14.02 mm时,集油盒处润滑油平均体积分数为0.547,齿轮啮合处平均压力为32.452 kPa。

声呐渗流测试技术之质疑

介绍了近年来新出现的用声呐法测试渗流速度和渗流方向这一技术的核心内容,包括测试装置、测试原理和计算方法等。从理论和实践上对其提出了4方面的质疑:测试原理的理论基础、渗流速度计算方法、渗流方向确定和流场畸变。通过理论分析、公式的推导和数据的可靠性分析后认为:声呐测试渗流的原理缺乏理论解释;计算渗流速度的公式反映的只是孔内垂向流速度,实际还是由测量误差产生的伪垂向流速度,且该公式本身就推导不成立;无论垂向流是向上流动或向下流动,探头上部的水声器发射的声波到达下部平面对称分布的6个水声器的时间在理论上是相等的,因而也无法通过合成法求得渗流方向,所提供的渗流方向实际是由指数级时间误差计算得到的伪流向;即声呐法无法获得渗流速度,包括水平向渗流速度和垂直向流动速度,也无法获得水平向渗流方向。

外笼套式节流阀气动噪声特性分析及优化

为解决外笼套式节流阀在生产过程中产生的高噪声问题,采用大涡模拟对外笼套式节流阀流场进行模拟计算。从流场特征角度分析气动噪声产生的机制,并基于此提出结构改进方法。通过Box-Behnken响应面设计,以改进结构的孔径、孔数和孔长为优化变量,以监测点总声压级为优化目标,开展降噪结构优化设计。结果表明:节流孔结构突变使流体介质在阀门下游形成多尺度多样化复杂流动,结构改进后流场内压力和速度脉动减小,湍化程度降低,具有二次节流和降噪效果;孔径的变化对监测点总声压级响应值的影响最为明显;对应流道模型的数值模拟结果与系统预测响应值之间的误差为1.19%,验证了BBD响应面法优化结果的可靠性;优化后节流阀总声压级下降了13.1 dB,达到了预期的降噪目的。

基于结构优化的聚风装置流场特性数值研究

INVELOX风能发电是一种管道式风能采集系统,该系统可在多方向和低风速下获取风能,系统效率取决于来流风速和文丘里管平均风速的比值,即流速比SR。文章基于INVELOX系统进行模型优化,设计了一种小型风能采集装置,使用基于格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)的流体力学计算软件XFlow对该装置在不同风速下的流场特性进行数值模拟,通过计算文丘里管内SR比值,得出其临界工作风速为3 m/s。通过对V-SR图分析可知,随着流场风速的增大,该装置对环境中风速的增强作用随之增强。考虑现实环境的应用情况,以6 m/s作为流场风速,对水平和倾斜来流风向下的INVELOX系统进行了仿真分析,得到不同攻角下文丘里管内工作段风速变化情况,为此类能源采集装置的工程应用提供参考。

钻井法凿井气-液-固耦合排渣流场及刀盘吸渣口优化

针对西部地区侏罗系地层煤矿立井钻井法施工中出现的气举反循环洗井排渣与钻进效率低下问题,以陕西可可盖煤矿中央回风立井ϕ4.2 m超前钻井为工程背景,基于CFD-DEM(计算流体力学和离散单元法耦合)研究方法,建立了气-液-固多相耦合排渣数值模型,揭示了排渣管内、井底流场的速度及压力分布规律,并基于自研的气举反循环排渣试验装置,采用PIV(粒子图像测速法)测试技术对流场分布的正确性进行验证;提出了优化刀盘吸渣口评判指标和方法,对吸渣口的数量、长径比、面积比、总面积占比进行优化,得到了超前钻头刀盘吸渣口布置的最佳方式和相关参数;讨论了钻头转速、注气量、风管没入比和泥浆黏度等主要因素对排渣流场的影响。研究结果表明:(1)排渣管内流体的运移以轴向流动为主,且途经注气端时,流速发生跳跃式剧增;井底流体的运移主要以水平流动为主,流体的垂直上返仅存在于吸渣口附近;井底流体的水平流动以切向流动为主,径向流动仅在吸渣口两侧较为明显,且远离吸渣口处,径流速度较小易产生岩屑沉积;(2)当刀盘吸渣口数量为2,长径比为0.4,面积比为1,总面积占比为1.94%时,吸渣口的布置方式最佳,且清渣率较现行吸渣口布置方式提高66%;(3)增大钻头转速可显著增强吸渣口的吸附作用,注气量、风管没入比与井底和排渣管内流体的轴向速度均呈正相关关系,低黏、低密度的泥浆易获取高流速,但携岩能力较差。研究结果可为破解侏罗系地层深大立井钻井法洗井排渣与钻进效率低下技术难题,提供有益的理论参考。

质子交换膜燃料电池直流道内液滴传输研究

建立质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的二维直流道模型,分析液滴在流道内的产生、破裂及传输全过程,探究进气速度、气体扩散层表面亲疏水性以及挡板结构参数等关键性因素对液滴传输特性的影响。仿真结果表明,提高进气速度有助于强化液滴的去除效果,但过高的气体流速会将液滴推向气体扩散层表面,造成液滴累积;亲水性较强的气体扩散层表面导致液滴严重坍塌形变,堵塞气体扩散层孔隙;液滴在疏水性气体扩散层表面流动速度相对较快,壁面附着力小,利于流道排水;增大挡板堵塞率可提高挡板下方及后方区域气体流速,提高液滴吹扫能力;挡板表面亲疏水性对流道内液滴去除效果影响较弱。

基于相场方法的铀枝晶生长电化学-流场耦合研究

铀枝晶生长是导致乏燃料后处理电解精炼装置发生意外短路的潜在威胁因素,同时会使铀产物夹杂大量熔盐,影响产物纯度。为了更好地理解铀枝晶生长的微观机理,掌握阴极沉积形貌的控制方法,基于相场方法建立了铀在阴极的电沉积模型,研究了铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度、主枝晶干高度和总沉积面积等形貌参数对流场速度变化的依赖规律。发现外加流场的引入会使铀枝晶的底部沉积宽度降低37.18%,主枝晶干高度降低30.5%,总沉积面积降低49.3%。说明外加流场可以抑制铀枝晶生长,改善铀沉积形貌,但同时也会使破碎的枝晶须重新溶解到熔盐体系中,降低铀电解精炼效率。另外,通过对流场与电解电压、初始浓度等沉积条件耦合影响下铀枝晶形貌特征相图的分析可知,在实际电解精炼过程中,应在保证电解精炼效率的基础上尽量选择高初始浓度和高电解电压的沉积条件,同时设置合理的流场速度以获得理想的铀枝晶沉积形貌。

综合物探方法和检测技术在大坝渗漏检测中的应用

伪随机流场法在大坝渗漏检测中应用广泛,也取得了极为突出的效果,但单一使用该方法往往无法精准找到大坝渗漏点和渗漏通道。本文在使用伪随机流场法的基础上,结合水下机器人、钻孔全景图像、地震波CT等多种物探方法和检测技术,以实现对大坝渗漏点和渗漏通道的全面、精准检测。首先,使用伪随机流场法,圈定大坝渗漏的隐患区;其次,对已检测得的大坝水下渗漏区,使用水下机器人搭载设备进行摄影拍照、二维声纳成像、喷墨示踪剂追踪检测,确定水下大坝渗漏点;最后,在地面钻孔开展地震波CT成像和钻孔全景图像,找出大坝发育的结构面、渗漏点。本文方法应用在川西某大坝渗漏检测中,精准找到了大坝渗漏点,确定了大坝存在的多条渗漏通道,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。该应用成果对同类大坝渗漏检测具有借鉴意义。

流场声学层析成像测量方法仿真和实验研究

流速是实现工业生产过程在线监测和精准化控制的重要依据。为准确测得流场分布,提出了基于径向基函数结合均衡优化(RBF-EO)算法的流场声学层析成像方法。采用径向基函数逼近建立声学流场重建模型,利用均衡优化算法求解重建问题中的不适定方程。对典型的四角切圆速度场模型进行了数值模拟与算法的抗噪性检验,并将本算法与传统的重建方法:Tikhonov算法、SVD分解法和灰狼优化算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明该算法能够很好的反演出流场分布,具有较高的重建性能和良好的抗噪性。最后,在实验室进行了1.05 m×1.05 m的测量区域内的流场声学测量实验,并与飘带流场显示和风速仪测量结果进行了对比,结果显示,RBF-EO算法与风速仪测量结果在8个测点的平均误差为9.77%,验证了本文声波流场测量方法的可靠性。