Based on Darcy＇s Law and the Helmholta-Smoluchowski equation, an imbibition velocity formula for the water phase with an electric field was deduced, showing that the imbibition velocity with an electric field is to v...Based on Darcy＇s Law and the Helmholta-Smoluchowski equation, an imbibition velocity formula for the water phase with an electric field was deduced, showing that the imbibition velocity with an electric field is to various extents not only related to the rock permeability and characteristic length, the fluid viscosity, the oil-water interface tension and the gravity of the imbibing brine, but also to the fluid dielectric permittivity, zeta potential, applied electric field direction, and strength. Imbibition experiments with electric fields that are different in direction and strength were conducted, showing that application of a positive electric field enhances the imbibition velocity and increases the imbibition recovery ratio, while application of a negative electric field reduces the imbibition velocity and decreases the imbibition recovery ratio. The imbibition recovery ratio with a positive electric field increases with the strength of the electric field, and the imbibition recovery ratio with a negative electric field is lower than that without an electric field.展开更多
桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。...桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。本文开展2种坡降条件下、不同倾角均匀沙动床桥墩绕流冲刷试验,并沿下游方向设置4个模型倾角(0°、5°、10°、15°)。使用粒子图像测速系统(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量桥墩绕流2维流场,并基于运动摄像恢复结构技术(structure from motion,SFM)实现冲刷地形3维重构,在此基础上分析床面冲刷3维地形结构和绕流流场特征,以构建紊流结构与冲刷地形相互耦合作用关系。结果表明:1)SFM方法可实现冲刷地形3维结构重构,冲刷试验平衡时,模型前方和两侧冲刷坑较深,后方冲刷坑出现凸起,沿水流方向倾斜顺延上升至床面。2)冲刷坑尺寸、面积和体积均随水流强度增大而增大,随倾角增大而减小;不同截面处冲刷坑面积、体积随坑深呈开口向上抛物线趋势增大。3)桥墩模型对后方流向流速扰动范围随倾角增大而减小,对展向流速影响范围随倾角增大而增大。4)随模型倾角增加,旋转强度与剪切应力影响范围均减小;剪切应力下切较易形成桥墩周围较深冲刷坑,而位于桥墩两侧大尺度流向涡向下游延伸,将促使桥墩后侧方浅长凹槽形成。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2002CCA00700)
文摘Based on Darcy＇s Law and the Helmholta-Smoluchowski equation, an imbibition velocity formula for the water phase with an electric field was deduced, showing that the imbibition velocity with an electric field is to various extents not only related to the rock permeability and characteristic length, the fluid viscosity, the oil-water interface tension and the gravity of the imbibing brine, but also to the fluid dielectric permittivity, zeta potential, applied electric field direction, and strength. Imbibition experiments with electric fields that are different in direction and strength were conducted, showing that application of a positive electric field enhances the imbibition velocity and increases the imbibition recovery ratio, while application of a negative electric field reduces the imbibition velocity and decreases the imbibition recovery ratio. The imbibition recovery ratio with a positive electric field increases with the strength of the electric field, and the imbibition recovery ratio with a negative electric field is lower than that without an electric field.
文摘桥墩绕流冲刷是水流、泥沙和桥墩三者相互作用的结果,桥墩周围复杂的水沙运动关系是造成桥梁水毁的重要原因。定量分析桥墩冲刷地形特征规律及其与水流之间的相互作用关系,是深入研究桥墩绕流水沙作用机理及实际工程应用的重要突破口。本文开展2种坡降条件下、不同倾角均匀沙动床桥墩绕流冲刷试验,并沿下游方向设置4个模型倾角(0°、5°、10°、15°)。使用粒子图像测速系统(particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量桥墩绕流2维流场,并基于运动摄像恢复结构技术(structure from motion,SFM)实现冲刷地形3维重构,在此基础上分析床面冲刷3维地形结构和绕流流场特征,以构建紊流结构与冲刷地形相互耦合作用关系。结果表明:1)SFM方法可实现冲刷地形3维结构重构,冲刷试验平衡时,模型前方和两侧冲刷坑较深,后方冲刷坑出现凸起,沿水流方向倾斜顺延上升至床面。2)冲刷坑尺寸、面积和体积均随水流强度增大而增大,随倾角增大而减小;不同截面处冲刷坑面积、体积随坑深呈开口向上抛物线趋势增大。3)桥墩模型对后方流向流速扰动范围随倾角增大而减小,对展向流速影响范围随倾角增大而增大。4)随模型倾角增加,旋转强度与剪切应力影响范围均减小;剪切应力下切较易形成桥墩周围较深冲刷坑,而位于桥墩两侧大尺度流向涡向下游延伸,将促使桥墩后侧方浅长凹槽形成。
