Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in ...Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in other processes remain largely unresolved in soybeans(Glycine max).In this study,we investigated the genetic components and mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Molecular and genetic studies have characterized two antagonistic regulators,the positive activator GmMYBA3 and the negative repressor GmMYBR1,that modulate the gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Further findings revealed a regulatory interplay between GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 bridged by GmTT8a,highlighting the complexity of anthocyanin regulation in different soybean organs.Exploration of additional soybean cultivars demonstrated the universality of GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 in regulating floral anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes,with GmF3’5’H identified as a crucial determinant of white flower color.This study provides a molecular mechanism underlying soybean flower color determination,paving the way for the molecular modification of soybean flowers to probably enhance their resistance to abiotic stresses and attractiveness to pollinators.展开更多
In an attempt to elucidate the biological effects and underlying mutations involving flower color in ornamental plants following carbon ion beam radiation,shoots of geranium were exposed at dosages of 0,10,15,30,and40...In an attempt to elucidate the biological effects and underlying mutations involving flower color in ornamental plants following carbon ion beam radiation,shoots of geranium were exposed at dosages of 0,10,15,30,and40 Gy,and one flower color mutant was obtained.The morphological characteristics,physiological aspects,and DNA polymorphisms between wild-type and flower color mutants were analyzed.The colors of petal,peduncle,pistil,and stamen of the mutant displayed significant differences compared to those of the wild-type.Compared to the original plants,the total anthocyanin content in the petals of the mutant significantly decreased,resulting in a light pink petal phenotype.DNA polymorphisms detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the ratio of different bands between the wild-type and mutant reached up to 13.2%.The present study demonstrates that carbon ion beam irradiation is effective in inducing genomic variations,resulting in flower color geranium mutants within a relatively short period of time.Meanwhile,the developed flower-color mutants may be potentially used in future mutational research studies involving ornamental plants.展开更多
Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosylt...Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (designated as SRY4'CGT) and aureusidin synthase (designated as SRYAS1) in the aurone biosynthetic pathway were cloned from yellow flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus cv. Ribbon Yellow). Binary vectors were constructed and transformed separately into Petunia hybrida harboring blue flowers. Only a few flowers in 4 out of 9 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;as time passed, amounts of variegated flowers and proportion of white sectors in the background blue color of the new-born flowers gradually increased, until finally, the petal color was completely white in all late-born flowers. In contrast, a few flowers in 3 out of 13 transgenic SRYAS1 plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;but, the amounts of variegated flowers did not increase over the whole flowering stage, and no complete white flowers were observed. RNA samples isolated from blue and white sectors of T1 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, transgenic SRY4'CGT transcripts were detected in both sectors;however, transcripts of an upstream gene, chalcone synthase (CHS), were abundantly detected in the blue sectors but largely reduced in the white sectors, suggesting that the expression of CHS gene was suppressed in white sectors of transgenic plants. Furthermore, HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated cyandin, malvidin and their derivatives were absent in white sectors, causing the white phenotype. Our findings may be attractive to molecular breeders.展开更多
巢式关联作图(Nested Association Mapping,NAM)群体在作物学遗传与育种研究中具有广泛的应用。本研究在前期大豆种质资源评价基础上,利用35份不同地区来源的代表性种质与中豆41(公共母本)杂交,构建了一套大豆NAM群体。PCA和聚类分析发...巢式关联作图(Nested Association Mapping,NAM)群体在作物学遗传与育种研究中具有广泛的应用。本研究在前期大豆种质资源评价基础上,利用35份不同地区来源的代表性种质与中豆41(公共母本)杂交,构建了一套大豆NAM群体。PCA和聚类分析发现,不同亲本组合的RIL群体基本聚在一起,显示出清晰的遗传结构。利用该NAM群体亲本间花色和种皮色具有显著差异的RIL群体进行全基因组关联分析,定位到1个主要位点qFC13-1与花色显著关联,该位点与W1位点重合;定位到12个位点与种皮色显著相关,其中9个位点为3种以上方法共定位,3个位点为2种方法共定位,包括4个已知位点和8个新位点。研究结果表明,构建的NAM群体适于进行大豆相关性状遗传分析,为大豆复杂性状的遗传解析和育种实践提供了良好的基础材料。展开更多
为揭示系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁和喀什三地典型植物园或公园的木本植物为研究对象,利用系统发育信号值和系统发育广义最小二乘模型(Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, PGLS),...为揭示系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁和喀什三地典型植物园或公园的木本植物为研究对象,利用系统发育信号值和系统发育广义最小二乘模型(Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, PGLS),探究开花物候分布特征、谱系保守性以及功能性状的贡献率。结果表明:(1)新疆木本植物开花期集中在3月31日至4月20日,持续时间为(13.03±0.38)d。乔木、肉质果、彩色花和风媒植物分别比灌木、非肉质果、非彩色花和虫媒植物的开花早。(2)亲缘关系越近的物种开花物候特征越相似,系统发育信号值Pagel’sλ为0.67~0.74。(3)果实类型、花色和传粉方式与开花物候最相关,解释度为17.4%~31.6%。本研究证明系统发育和植物功能性状均能影响新疆木本植物开花物候,研究结果对阐明干旱区生物多样性维持机制和虫植关系具有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201781,32100211)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20220508112RC,20210101005JC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(2412023YQ005)China Agriculture Research System(CARS04)。
文摘Anthocyanins play crucial roles in pollen protection and pollinator attraction in flowering plants.However,the mechanisms underlying flower color determination and whether floral anthocyanin regulators participate in other processes remain largely unresolved in soybeans(Glycine max).In this study,we investigated the genetic components and mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Molecular and genetic studies have characterized two antagonistic regulators,the positive activator GmMYBA3 and the negative repressor GmMYBR1,that modulate the gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis in soybean flowers.Further findings revealed a regulatory interplay between GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 bridged by GmTT8a,highlighting the complexity of anthocyanin regulation in different soybean organs.Exploration of additional soybean cultivars demonstrated the universality of GmMYBA3 and GmMYBR1 in regulating floral anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes,with GmF3’5’H identified as a crucial determinant of white flower color.This study provides a molecular mechanism underlying soybean flower color determination,paving the way for the molecular modification of soybean flowers to probably enhance their resistance to abiotic stresses and attractiveness to pollinators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11205218,11275171,and 11405234)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.KJCX2-EW-N05)+1 种基金CAS‘‘Light of West China’’Program(No.29Y506020)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.29Y506030)supported this study
文摘In an attempt to elucidate the biological effects and underlying mutations involving flower color in ornamental plants following carbon ion beam radiation,shoots of geranium were exposed at dosages of 0,10,15,30,and40 Gy,and one flower color mutant was obtained.The morphological characteristics,physiological aspects,and DNA polymorphisms between wild-type and flower color mutants were analyzed.The colors of petal,peduncle,pistil,and stamen of the mutant displayed significant differences compared to those of the wild-type.Compared to the original plants,the total anthocyanin content in the petals of the mutant significantly decreased,resulting in a light pink petal phenotype.DNA polymorphisms detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis showed that the ratio of different bands between the wild-type and mutant reached up to 13.2%.The present study demonstrates that carbon ion beam irradiation is effective in inducing genomic variations,resulting in flower color geranium mutants within a relatively short period of time.Meanwhile,the developed flower-color mutants may be potentially used in future mutational research studies involving ornamental plants.
文摘Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (designated as SRY4'CGT) and aureusidin synthase (designated as SRYAS1) in the aurone biosynthetic pathway were cloned from yellow flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus cv. Ribbon Yellow). Binary vectors were constructed and transformed separately into Petunia hybrida harboring blue flowers. Only a few flowers in 4 out of 9 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;as time passed, amounts of variegated flowers and proportion of white sectors in the background blue color of the new-born flowers gradually increased, until finally, the petal color was completely white in all late-born flowers. In contrast, a few flowers in 3 out of 13 transgenic SRYAS1 plants showed variegated blue-white sectors;but, the amounts of variegated flowers did not increase over the whole flowering stage, and no complete white flowers were observed. RNA samples isolated from blue and white sectors of T1 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, transgenic SRY4'CGT transcripts were detected in both sectors;however, transcripts of an upstream gene, chalcone synthase (CHS), were abundantly detected in the blue sectors but largely reduced in the white sectors, suggesting that the expression of CHS gene was suppressed in white sectors of transgenic plants. Furthermore, HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated cyandin, malvidin and their derivatives were absent in white sectors, causing the white phenotype. Our findings may be attractive to molecular breeders.
文摘巢式关联作图(Nested Association Mapping,NAM)群体在作物学遗传与育种研究中具有广泛的应用。本研究在前期大豆种质资源评价基础上,利用35份不同地区来源的代表性种质与中豆41(公共母本)杂交,构建了一套大豆NAM群体。PCA和聚类分析发现,不同亲本组合的RIL群体基本聚在一起,显示出清晰的遗传结构。利用该NAM群体亲本间花色和种皮色具有显著差异的RIL群体进行全基因组关联分析,定位到1个主要位点qFC13-1与花色显著关联,该位点与W1位点重合;定位到12个位点与种皮色显著相关,其中9个位点为3种以上方法共定位,3个位点为2种方法共定位,包括4个已知位点和8个新位点。研究结果表明,构建的NAM群体适于进行大豆相关性状遗传分析,为大豆复杂性状的遗传解析和育种实践提供了良好的基础材料。
文摘为揭示系统发育和植物功能性状对新疆木本植物开花物候的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐、伊宁和喀什三地典型植物园或公园的木本植物为研究对象,利用系统发育信号值和系统发育广义最小二乘模型(Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, PGLS),探究开花物候分布特征、谱系保守性以及功能性状的贡献率。结果表明:(1)新疆木本植物开花期集中在3月31日至4月20日,持续时间为(13.03±0.38)d。乔木、肉质果、彩色花和风媒植物分别比灌木、非肉质果、非彩色花和虫媒植物的开花早。(2)亲缘关系越近的物种开花物候特征越相似,系统发育信号值Pagel’sλ为0.67~0.74。(3)果实类型、花色和传粉方式与开花物候最相关,解释度为17.4%~31.6%。本研究证明系统发育和植物功能性状均能影响新疆木本植物开花物候,研究结果对阐明干旱区生物多样性维持机制和虫植关系具有重要意义。
