Numerical modelling of flow and transport in rough fractures

Simulation of flow and transport through rough walled rock fractures is investigated using the latticeBoltzmann method （LBM） and random walk （RW）, respectively. The numerical implementation isdeveloped and validated on general purpose graphic processing units （GPGPUs）. Both the LBM and RWmethod are well suited to parallel implementation on GPGPUs because they require only next-neighbourcommunication and thus can reduce expenses. The LBM model is an order of magnitude faster onGPGPUs than published results for LBM simulations run on modern CPUs. The fluid model is verified forparallel plate flow, backward facing step and single fracture flow; and the RWmodel is verified for pointsourcediffusion, Taylor-Aris dispersion and breakthrough behaviour in a single fracture. Both algorithmsplace limitations on the discrete displacement of fluid or particle transport per time step to minimise thenumerical error that must be considered during implementation. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Unsteady peristaltic transport of Maxwell fluid through finite length tube:application to oesophageal swallowing

This paper analytically investigates the unsteady peristaltic transport of the Maxwell fluid in a finite tube. The walls of the tube are subjected to the contraction waves that do not cross the stationary boundaries. The analysis is carried out by a long wavelength approximation in the non-dimensional form. The expressions for the axial and radial velocities are derived. The pressures across the wavelength and the tubelength are also estimated. The reflux phenomenon is discussed, which culminates into the determination of the reflux limit. Mathematical formulations are physically interpreted for the flow of masticated food materials such as bread and white eggs in the oesophagus. It is revealed that the Maxwell fluids are favorable to flow in the oesophagus as compared with the Newtonian fluids. This endorses the experimental finding of Takahashi et al. （Takahashi, T., Ogoshi, H., Miyamoto, K., and Yao, M. L. Viscoelastic properties of commercial plain yoghurts and trial foods for swallowing disorders. Rheology, 27, 169- 172 （1999））. It is further revealed that the relaxation time does not affect the shear stress and the reflux limit. It is found that the pressure peaks are identical in the integral case while different in the non-integral case.

Peristaltic transport of rheological fluid:model for movement of food bolus through esophagus

Fluid mechanical peristaltic transport through esophagus is studied in the paper. A mathematical model has been developed to study the peristaltic transport of a rheological fluid for arbitrary wave shapes and tube lengths. The Ostwald-de Waele power law of a viscous fluid is considered here to depict the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. The model is formulated and analyzed specifically to explore some important information concerning the movement of food bolus through esophagus. The analysis is carried out by using the lubrication theory. The study is particularly suitable for the cases where the Reynolds number is small. The esophagus is treated as a circular tube through which the transport of food bolus takes place by periodic contraction of the esophageal wall. Variation of different variables concerned with the transport phenomena such as pressure, flow velocities, particle trajectory, and reflux is investigated for a single wave as well as a train of periodic peristaltic waves. The locally variable pressure is seen to be highly sensitive to the flow index ＂n＂. The study clearly shows that continuous fluid transport for Newtonian/rheological fluids by wave train propagation is more effective than widely spaced single wave propagation in the case of peristaltic movement of food bolus in the esophagus.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW AND MASS TRANSPORT THROUGH CORONARY ARTERIAL STENOSIS

A numerical analysis of Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow in an axi-symmetric tube with a local constriction simulating a stenosed artery under steady and pulsatile flow conditions war carried out. Bared on these results, the concentration fields of LDL ( (low-density lipoprotein) and Albumin were discussed. According to the results, in great details the macromolecule transport influences of wall shear stress, non-Newtonian fluid character and the scale of the molecule etc are given. The results of Newtonian fluid flow and non-Newtonian fluid flow, steady flow and pulsatile flow are compared. These investigations can provide much valuable information about the correlation between the flow properties, the macromolecule transport and the development of atherosclerosis.

Investigation on Pressure Drop of Fluid-Solid Mixture Flow through Pipes Using CFD and SK Model

The carrier fluid (air or water) is used to transport solid material from the source place to its destination point through pipeline. Using air as carrier fluid to transport solid material through pipeline is called Pneumo transport, whereas transporting material with water or any other liquid through pipeline is called as hydraulic transport. A large number of installations are now available globally to transport solid materials to short, medium, and long distances using water/air as carrier fluid. However, the design of such system of pipeline is still an empirical art. In the present investigation, one generalized mathematical model developed by Shrivastava and Kar (SK Model) and CFD models were used and compared with experimental results for pneumatic and hydraulic transport of granular solids. The motivation of present work is to find the accuracy of SK model based on analytical, empirical and semi-empirical for the prediction of pressure drop and comparing the result with CFD based on mathematical equation for the mixture flow in the horizontal and vertical pipe lines. The comparison of pressure drop results obtained by using SK model and CFD model were validated with the experimental results for pneumatic and hydraulic transport of solids through. From the comparison results, it was observed that the results of pressure drop predicted by SK model are more accurate than the CFD models for all the cases considered.

Mixture flow of particles and power-law fluid in round peristaltic tube

The erythrocyte and blood flowing in the blood vessel can be treated as the two-phase flow of the mixture of particles and a power-law fluid in a peristaltic tube.In the present work, the peristaltic transport of a power-law fluid and the suspension of particles in a tube is investigated by a perturbation method using the long wavelength approximation. The influence of different parameters on the velocity profile and streamlines is explored. Results show that there is a deflection of the flow field when the power-law index n = 0.5 or 1.5 compared with the Newtonian fluid where the trapping zone is symmetric to a certain cross section. The flux rate and reflux of the material are identified,and the conditions under which the reflux appears are determined. Moreover, a reflux phenomenon occurs near the wall. The trapping zone is related to not only the tube geometry and the flow flux but also the fluid properties. Both the length and width of the trapping zone increase with an increase in θ or φ. The trapping zone is more difficult to produce in the shear-thinning fluid than the shear-thickening fluid.

Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

Turbulent flow, the transpor＇t of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow, transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finitedifference computational model using the standard k-εturbulence rondel. Trajectories of inclusions and bubhles tire calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces, A ＂random walk＂ model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The chunge in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport. 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so Inng as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4mm.

畜禽车厢体内温度和流场数值CFD模拟及验证

为研究畜禽运输车厢体内环境的分布情况以及对温度场进行评估,利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,模拟出在空载及满载条件下内气流流场和温度场的分布情况,同时根据空载模拟结果提出优化方案并模拟。测量与分析厢体内关键位置的温度和风速,并与模拟值比较。结果表明:模拟空载时模拟值与测量值最大绝对误差1.7℃,模拟得到厢体的温度分布变化情况和测量值所得结果一致,风速值相对误差范围在3%以下的有22个点。优化后厢体内温度均匀度改善明显,温度变化幅度小;满载时,温度分布与空载相似,但整体温度有些许上升。验证CFD模型的正确性,为优化提供可靠基础。

浮泥特性及输移规律综述

浮泥广泛存在于河口、海岸、内河和水库中,是引起航道淤积、地形演变和环境污染的关键因素。针对浮泥的形成机制及观测方法,对固结机理、浮泥流变、触变特性和浮泥输运规律进行了总结和讨论;目前研究成果的表达形式和适用条件存在差异,难以在实际应用中普遍使用;在此基础上应重点关注浮泥内部结构和外部荷载及生物因素影响,及大型水库中浮泥特性和输运规律的系统研究。

双平行平面射流与环境流基元反应特性研究

为揭示双射流与环境流之间流动-化学反应耦合过程的标量输运机理,采用大涡模拟方法对具有二级非平衡基元反应(A+B→R)的双射流与环境流反应工况进行了研究,达姆科勒数Da为1且雷诺数为2000。首先通过对反应性单射流进行数值模拟,将平均流向速度和平均混合浓度分数等统计量与现有方法结果进行对比,验证了数值方法的准确性;其次,基于化学反应标量输运方程研究了反应性双射流流动-化学反应耦合过程中的标量输运和化学反应特性。结果表明:流场上游湍流/非湍流界面(T/NTI)附近存在1个急剧消耗环境流中反应物B的区域,T/NTI的卷吸过程深刻影响着化学反应;化学反应主要发生在流场上游,T/NTI附近某一时刻产物R的非稳态变化几乎由化学反应产生和对流输运过程决定,而流场下游湍流区域某一时刻产物R的非稳态变化主要取决于对流作用;统计平均下,在6<x/d<20范围内,流场流向对流作用和法向对流作用对产物R的输运收支平衡。

江苏海岸中部近岸沉积物重力流输运过程

[目的]重力流是沉积物跨海岸/陆架输运的重要机理,对地貌演化具有重要影响。然而,重力流的发生具有偶然性,持续时间也很短暂。重力流的这两个固有特性,直接决定了其野外观测的困难性。近30年来,在全球海岸和陆架区域观测到重力流的研究整体上仍然较为有限。重力流野外观测的缺乏,导致对其输运过程的认识尚不完善。[方法]2018年秋季,在江苏海岸中部近岸海域放置海底三脚架,实施连续8个潮周期的野外观测。[结果]野外观测捕捉到8次高浓度浮泥层事件,发现5次重力流输运过程。[结论]重力流由上覆水体沉积物沉降或波浪再悬浮底床沉积物形成,由潮致底部切应力或波浪与潮流共同导致的底部切应力维持。近底高浓度浮泥层内的沉积物在潮流的作用下,会向上扩散,重力流从而消亡。观测结果支持经典重力流浮力—阻力模型的使用。

冠状动脉狭窄情况下的非牛顿血液流动和大分子传质

针对冠状动脉狭窄的情况 ,采用数值模拟方法求解了牛顿流体与非牛顿流体 (幂次律流体和Casson流体 )的定常与脉动的流场· 在此基础上 ,求解了LDL(低密度脂肪蛋白 )和Albumin(血清白蛋白 )的浓度场· 根据计算结果 ,详细讨论了壁面剪应力、非牛顿流效应、分子大小等因素对大分子传质的影响 ;并对牛顿流体与非牛顿流体、定常流动与脉动流动的大分子浓度场进行了比较 。

输油管道油流带电的计算模型

给出了层流和紊流条件下新的管道油流带电计算模型。基于Gavis J的放电机理,对管壁-油界面处的边界条件提出了一种新的确定方法。分别推导出了两种流态下简单管道内电荷输运方程的表达式,并对方程的边界条件处理进行了研究。计算模型中考虑了油流速度、油的电导率和油温等因素对油流带电的影响,克服了以往模型中存在着难以确定的变量的缺点。利用计算模型对两条实验油道的油流带电量进行了计算,计算值和实验值的对比结果表明,计算值和实验值比较吻合。

水平井两层稳定岩屑传输规律研究

根据物质守恒定律和动量定理,建立了考虑岩屑床层中流体流动压降、悬浮层中岩屑颗粒受阻沉降的水平井偏心环空中两层稳定岩屑传输的数学模型,并用此模型进行了实例计算。研究结果表明,颗粒扩散系数方程中的实验回归系数应考虑成流速的函数,取值范围为0.014～0.020;考虑岩屑床中流体流动压降后计算的环空压降与实际情况吻合较好。

三维交叉裂隙渗流传质特性数值模拟

对交叉裂隙渗流传质特性的定量描述是研究整个裂隙网络渗透传质特性的基础。为真实模拟水流及溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程,首先通过三维轮廓仪获取天然岩石裂隙表面的形貌数据,再应用三维重构技术生成相应的三维交叉裂隙模型,随后求解Navier-Stokes方程,假定溶质运移满足Fick定律,模拟水流和溶质在三维交叉裂隙中的运移过程。通过对比粗糙裂隙模型与平行平板模型的模拟结果发现:粗糙度对流体的分布及流动状态存在显著的影响;不同进、出口工况下的流体流动及溶质运移状态亦表明:裂隙交叉的几何形貌会显著地影响溶质混合行为。这些结果表明,目前被广泛采用的平行平板模型在评估岩体内特别是交叉口的物质运移特性时将导致较大的偏差,在将来的研究中有必要针对裂隙交叉口的几何特征建立修正的模型以提高评估的准确性。

大型民用运输机短舱涡流片增升效率以及参数影响研究

采用经风洞试验验证的CFD计算方法和网格生成策略,以某型大型民用运输机基本三段增升装置着陆构型为对象,研究短舱涡流片及其参数对增升装置效率的影响。研究表明:短舱涡流片的流动机理与大后掠三角翼类似,其所诱导漩涡流动的强度、上下位置以及展向位置是影响增升效率的3个关键因素。空间涡下移、向机翼外侧移动或增加其强度均可以提高增升装置的效率。其中涡流片下偏会使空间涡下移且向机翼内侧移动,但是对机翼上方空间涡强度的影响并不是单调的;涡流片后移可以增强机翼上方空间涡强度并使其下移,但是也会造成空间涡向机翼内侧移动;增加涡流片的安装角或者倾角可以增强机翼上方空间涡强度并使其向机翼外侧移动,但是会造成空间涡上移;增加涡流片的后掠角(即减小其前缘附近的面积)使空间涡下移并向机翼外侧移动,但是会造成空间涡强度减弱。所以这些参数(上下位置、前后位置、安装角等)对全机升力系数的影响都不是单调的,需要大量的流场分析方能找到较优的参数组合。同时短舱涡流片还会受到巡航状态、发动机反推和结构等方面的约束,设计过程中需要综合考虑各种影响因素。

管道内液固浆液输送的数值模拟

为了对管道内液固浆液输送的流动形态进行研究,建立了以颗粒动力学为基础的Euler-Euler双流体模型.在浆液流速大于临界沉积速度的情况下,模拟了不同浆液入口速度时的管道压力降,同时对管道内浆液输送液固两相流进行了研究:当轴向位置与管径之比大于50时,管道内浆液流动处于充分发展状态.此外还分析了在不同浆液速度下管道内液固两相的空间分布和浆液流动形态:在水平方向液相速度分布和固体颗粒相速度分布呈对称状态;垂直方向液相速度分布和固体颗粒相速度分布由于重力影响,不再呈对称状态.固体颗粒相速度分布与液相速度基本相同,两者之间的滑移速度很小,可以忽略.计算结果与实验值的比较表明,所建模型能有效地描述管道压力降和管道内浆液流动形态.

连铸过程中湍流传输和两相区凝固的数值模拟

综述了在连铸数值模拟过程中,为评估流体流动对铸坯热量传递和凝固过程影响所开发的有效导热模型和耦合模型。根据文献和用商业CFD软件计算的结果分析了在连铸湍流传输和两相区凝固的数值模拟过程中影响模型预测精确性的关键因素,包括有效导热模型中有效导热系数的确定、数值模拟模型的选取、湍流模型的应用、连铸坯凝固过程中湍流向层流的过渡、两相区流动中多孔介质的渗透率取值、固相分率与温度和成分的关系等,并给出选取合适模型参数的原则。

低温液体流动沸腾数值计算中的动量模拟

采用双流体模型计算了液氮在垂直管内的过冷流动沸腾过程,着重考察了相间动量传输模型对数值预测结果准确性的影响。研究表明,相间非曳力,尤其是壁面润湿力对于数值预测的准确性有着决定性的作用。此外,正确地估计沸腾系统中气泡的平均直径对于两相流传输特性的准确预测也有着十分重要的作用。

弯肘形尾水管流场的三维数值模拟研究

针对弯肘形尾水管内部流场广泛存在流动分离的特点,采用基于k-ω模型的SST(Shear Stress Transport)切应力输运模型进行湍流求解,克服了标准k-ε模型对逆压力梯度造成的流动分离预测精度低的缺点。同时为了避免结构化网格离散复杂形体需人工分区的缺点,采用了非结构混合网格方法。流场大部分区域为四面体网格,在边界附近采用加密的五面体棱柱型网格,满足了SST模型对边界层网格的要求;为了减少网格过粗引起的计算误差,还通过计算不同网格数下尾水管的压力恢复系数来优选出合适的网格数目。计算获得了分离流、二次流和多尺度旋涡结构,表明SST模型能很好地预测尾水管内的湍流流动。