Convection of Maxwell fluid over stretching porous surface with heat source/sink in presence of nanoparticles:Lie group analysis

The convection of a Maxwell fluid over a stretching porous surface with a heat source/sink in the presence of nanoparticles is investigated. The Lie symmetry group transformations are used to convert the boundary layer equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by the Bvp4c with MATLAB, which is a collocation method equivalent to the fourth-order mono-implicit Runge-Kutta method. Furthermore, more attention is paid to the effects of the physical parameters, especially the parameters related to nanoparticles, on the temperature and concentration distributions with consideration of permeability and the heat source/sink.

Thermal radiation effect on flow and heat transfer of unsteady MHD micropolar fluid over vertical heated nonisothermal stretching surface using group analysis

The aim of this paper is to study the thermal radiation effects on the flow and heat transfer of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） micropolar fluid over a vertical heated nonisothermal stretching surface in the presence of a strong nonuniform magnetic field. The symmetries of the governing partial differential equations are de- termined by the two-parameter group method. One of the resulting systems of reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by the Chebyshev spec- tral method. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, the angular velocity, and the temperature profiles as well as the skin-friction coefficient, the wall couple stress co- efficient, and the Nusselt number are studied.

Group solution for an unsteady non-Newtonian Hiemenz flow with variable fluid properties and suction/injection

The theoretic transformation group approach is applied to address the problem of unsteady boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid near a stagnation point with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The application of a two- parameter group method reduces the number of independent variables by two, and consequently the governing partial differential equations with the boundary conditions transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations with the appropriate corresponding conditions. Two systems of ordinary differential equations have been solved numerically using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting technique. The effects of various parameters governing the problem are investigated.

SOLUTION OF THE RAYLEIGH PROBLEM FOR A POWER-LAW NON-NEWTONIAN CONDUCTING FLUID VIA GROUP METHOD

An investigation is made of the magnetic Rayleigh problem where a semi_infinite plate is given an impulsive motion and thereafter moves with constant velocity in a non_Newtonian power law fluid of infinite extent. The solution of this highly non_linear problem is obtained by means of the transformation group theoretic approach. The one_parameter group transformation reduces the number of independent variables by one and the governing partial differential equation with the boundary conditions reduce to an ordinary differential equation with the appropriate boundary conditions. Effect of the some parameters on the velocity u(y,t) has been studied and the results are plotted.

Lie group analysis for the effect of temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer under variable stream conditions

This paper examines a steady two-dimensional flow of incompressible fluid over a vertical stretching sheet. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. A scaling group of transformations is applied to the governing equa- tions. The system remains invariant due to some relations among the transformation parameters. After finding three absolute invariants, a third-order ordinary differential equation corresponding to the momentum equation and two second-order ordinary differential equations corresponding to energy and diffusion equations are derived. The equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically. It is found that the decrease in the temperature-dependent fluid viscosity makes the velocity decrease with the increasing distance of the stretching sheet. At a particular point of the sheet, the fluid velocity decreases but the temperature increases with the decreasing viscosity. The impact of the thermophoresis particle deposition plays an important role in the concentration boundary layer. The obtained results are presented graphically and discussed.

Lie Group Analysis for the Effects of Variable Fluid Viscosity and Thermal Radiation on Free Convective Heat and Mass Transfer with Variable Stream Condition

Natural convective boundary layer flow and heat and mass transfer of a fluid with variable viscosity and thermal radiation over a vertical stretching surface in the presence of suction/injection is investigated by Lie group analysis. Fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The symmetry groups admitted by the corresponding boundary value problem are obtained by using a special form of Lie group transformations viz. scaling group of transformations. An exact solution is obtained for translation symmetry and numerical solutions for scaling symmetry. The effects of fluid viscosity and thermal radiation on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically. Comparisons with previously published works are performed and excellent agreement between the results is obtained. The conclusion is drawn that the flow field and temperature profiles are significantly influenced by these parameters.

Oxygen isotope and REE geochemistry of metamorphic veins within the Zhoutan Group, central Jiangxi Province

Geochemical studies on REE, trace elements and oxygen isotopes from metamorphic veins and their host metasedimentary rocks in the Zhoutan Group at two localities, Xiangshan and Yihuang, in central Jiangxi Province have been conducted in this paper. The results show that the metamorphic quartz veins inherited the REE and oxygen isotope geochemical characteristics from their host rocks, suggesting that the vein-forming fluids were derived from the host rocks. Additionally, fractionation degrees of the trace element pairs Zr-Hf, Nb-Ta, Y-Ho and U-Th in the veins are different from those of their host rocks. It is also indicated that the veins are the products of the fluids. The metamorphic veins within the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks were formed principally as a result of lateral diffusion of the metamorphic fluids.

Symmetries of boundary layer equations of power-law fluids of second grade

A modified power-law fluid of second grade is considered. The model is a combination of power-law and second grade fluid in which the fluid may exhibit normal stresses, shear thinning or shear thickening behaviors. The equations of motion are derived for two dimensional incompressible flows, and from which the boundary layer equations are derived. Symmetries of the boundary layer equations are found by using Lie group theory, and then group classification with respect to power-law index is performed. By using one of the symmetries, namely the scaling symmetry, the partial differential system is transformed into an ordinary differential system, which is numerically integrated under the classical boundary layer conditions. Effects of power-law index and second grade coefficient on the boundary layers are shown and solutions are contrasted with the usual second grade fluid solutions.

Reflections on the Mechanism of Calcium Phosphate Nucleation on Titanium in Simulated Body Fluids

The results and main findings of studies reported in the literature in relation to the deposition of calcium phosphate on Ti in simulated body fluids are summarized. The effects of the surface hydroxyl groups and the sign of surface charge on the nucleation of calcium phosphate are reviewed. One major controversy among the conclusions of different studies is the order of adsorption of the calcium ions and the phosphate ions in the initial stage of immersion. A simple model based on the amphoteric nature of the hydroxyl groups on Ti is proposed in an attempt to delineate the nucleation process for calcium phosphate on Ti in simulated body fluids. HPO4^2- ions interact with the hydroxyl groups via ion exchange and/or electrostatic attraction, and Ca^2＋ ions, via electrostatic attraction only. There is no preferential order of adsorption. Seemingly inconsistent results in different studies possibly arise from different prior treatments of the samples, which affect the adsorption properties.

SIMILARITY SOLUTIONS OF BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS FOR A SPECIAL NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID IN A SPECIAL COORDINATE SYSTME

Two dimensional equations of steady motion for third order fluids are expressed in a special coordinate system generated by the potential flow corresponding to an inviscid fluid. For the inviscid flow around an arbitrary object, the streamlines are the phi-coordinates and velocity potential lines are psi-coordinates which form an orthogonal curvilinear set of coordinates. The outcome, boundary layer equations, is then shown to be independent of the body shape immersed into the flow. As a first approximation,assumption that second grade terms are negligible compared to viscous and third grade terms. Second grade terms spoil scaling transformation which is only transformation leading to similarity solutions for third grade fluid. By using Lie group methods,infinitesimal generators of boundary layer equations are calculated. The equations are transformed into an ordinary differential system. Numerical solutions of outcoming nonlinear differential equations are found by using combination of a Runge-Kutta algorithm and shooting technique.

基于流固耦合的压缩机吸气阀组气动噪声研究

往复式压缩机吸气阀组工作过程存在明显的流固耦合现象,现有的固定阀片开度的数值仿真模型大多没有考虑流固耦合现象,而考虑流固耦合现象的数值仿真模型由于忽略了活塞和阀板的作用难以获取足够的声源信息。文章建立考虑活塞和阀板作用的流固耦合数值仿真模型,并与其他模型获得的运动、流场和声场特性进行对比,结果表明:所建立的流固耦合模型能够更准确地描述吸气阀组的工作过程,获得更丰富的声源信息;基于该流固耦合数值仿真模型开展通流截面参数对吸气阀组气动噪声的影响分析,并优化设计了截面参数。

基于人工神经网络的工质基础物性预测

烃类及卤代烃是制冷及余热发电等热力学循环系统潜在的理想工质,但其数量繁多且多数物性参数未知,建立准确的物性预测模型对新型工质的开发至关重要。从多个公开数据库中收集了2500多种烃类及卤代烃分子(含C,H,F,Cl)的基础物性参数,包括正常沸点(T_(b))、临界温度(T_(c))、临界压力(p_(c))、偏心因子(ω),构建了一个工质物性数据库;进一步,通过改进基团贡献-人工神经网络(GC-ANN)的方法,模型的输入参数除基团频率外,还加入相对分子质量、T_(b)、约化维纳指数,建立了预测烃类及卤代烃分子T_(b),T_(c),p_(c),ω的神经网络模型,所开发模型的预测误差小于传统的GC-ANN的误差。

Study of an Ionic Fluid on the Electrochemical Test of A36 Carbon Steel Ingot

An ionic fluid based on aromatic heterocyclic family constituted by 1,3-diazole groups was investigated. The purpose is to describe their electrochemical characteristics in order to identify the strategy to avoid the A36 carbon steel surface degradation by using electrochemical measurements. We found that the linear polarization resistance reveals an increasing value when the organic unsaturated cyclic ionic fluid was added to the corrosive electrolyte. The polarization curves and Tafel Extrapolation obtained to know the slopes tafel and the inhibitor efficiency from current density (icorr) shows a high efficiency inhibition value.

Preparation and Performance of the Hyperbranched Polyamine as an Effective Shale Inhibitor for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Seeking effective solutions to control and mitigate the interaction between drilling fluids and clay formations has been a challenge for many years, and various shale inhibitors have shown excellent results in problematic shale formations around the world. Herein, the hyperbranched polyamine (HBPA) inhibitor with a higher ratio of amine groups and obvious tendentiousness in protonation was successfully synthesized from ethylenediamine, acryloyl chloride and aziridine by five steps, in which the metal-organic framework (MOF) was employed as a catalyst for ring-open polycondensation (ROP). The structure and purity were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. The HBPA displays more excellent performance than EDA and KCl widely applied in the oil field. After aging at 80°C and 180°C, the YP of a slurry system containing 25 wt.% bentonite and 2 wt.% HBPA are just 8.5 Pa and 5.5 Pa (wt.%: percentage of mass), respectively. The swelling lengths of 2 wt.% HBPA are estimated to be 1.78 mm, which falls by 70% compared with that of freshwater. Under a hot rolling aging temperature of 180°C, the HBPA system demonstrates a significant inhibition with more than 85% shale cuttings recovery rate and is superior to conventional EDA and KCl. Mechanism analysis further validates that the HBPA can help to increase the zeta potential.

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带中东段油气充注期次及成藏模式

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带新生界油藏勘探潜力大,古近系膏盐岩相变区储层砂岩厚度薄,油气成藏过程复杂。利用流体包裹体岩相学观察、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体测温、盆地模拟和储层定量荧光光谱等方法,分析古近系库姆格列木群盐间砂岩样品的烃充注相关流体记录,明确研究区油气充注期次和成藏模式。结果表明:古近纪末—中新世早期,中质油聚集于白垩系砂岩顶部;中新世中期,库姆格列木群砂岩储层第一期轻质油—凝析油充注发生于约14.2 Ma,以蓝绿色荧光包裹体组合为主,古油藏广泛分布;中新世晚期—上新世中期,构造挤压作用增强,逆冲断裂、构造裂缝导致古油藏大量散失;上新世晚期以来,随埋藏深度的增加,高纯度、厚层膏盐层封盖性逐渐恢复,砂岩储层第二期甲烷干气充注发生于约3.7 Ma,形成含甲烷包裹体组合,构成现今盐间砂岩气藏的基本油气特征,形成膏盐岩盖层与构造作用双重控制的油气成藏模式。该结果为秋里塔格构造带中东段进一步勘探提供依据。

滑膜细胞及软骨细胞释放HMGB1流体力学阈值的研究

目的探究流体流动剪切力(fluid flow shear stress,FFSS)下,滑膜细胞及软骨细胞释放高迁移率族蛋白1(high⁃mobility group box 1,HMGB1)时流体力学的阈值;阐明异常机械力刺激下,滑膜细胞及软骨细胞破坏的先后顺序,为了解颞下颌关节骨关节炎的发病机制及病理研究提供实验基础。方法获得医院动物实验伦理委员会的审批,于SD大鼠膝关节获取滑膜组织及软骨组织块,消化培养获得滑膜细胞及软骨细胞,取3~4代滑膜细胞及软骨细胞,通过流体剪切力学装置对软骨及滑膜细胞施加FFSS,根据不同大小的FFSS值分组,分别采用1、3、5、10 dyn/cm^(2)的FFSS刺激滑膜细胞1 h,采用4、8、12、16 dyn/cm^(2)的FFSS刺激软骨细胞1 h,静息培养(0 dyn/cm^(2))作为对照组,观察细胞的形态学变化、免疫组化检测HMGB1及白细胞介素⁃1β(interleu⁃kin⁃1β,IL⁃1β)的细胞表达分布,ELISA检测上清液中HMGB1与IL⁃1β的水平;Western blot检测细胞HMGB1与IL⁃1β蛋白表达水平。结果随着FFSS负载的增大,滑膜细胞及软骨细胞逐渐肿胀,破裂,且细胞数量减少。随着FFSS负载的增大,HMGB1与IL⁃1β的表达由胞核逐渐转移至胞浆。在滑膜细胞中,与对照组相比,1、3、5、10 dyn/cm^(2)干预组中的HMGB1和IL⁃1β在上清液及细胞内的表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。在软骨细胞中,与对照组相比,4、12、16 dyn/cm^(2) FFSS干预组中HMGB1在上清液中的表达水平增加(P<0.05),细胞HMGB1蛋白表达水平明显增加(P<0.01);而在8 dyn/cm^(2) FFSS干预组中HMGB1在上清液中的表达水平明显增加(P<0.01),但细胞HMGB1蛋白表达减少(P<0.01);与对照组相比,4、8、12、16 dyn/cm^(2) FFSS干预组中IL⁃1β在上清液中表达水平逐渐增加(P<0.01);除4 dyn/cm^(2)组外,随着FFSS负载增大,细胞中IL⁃1β的蛋白表达水平逐渐升高。结论滑膜细胞及软骨细胞随FFSS负载增大出现溶胀破裂,释放HMGB1流体力学阈值分别接近于1 dyn/cm^(2)和8 dyn/cm^(2);即在受到机械力刺激时,滑膜细胞先于软骨细胞损伤。

单压吸收式制冷技术的发展

介绍了单压吸收式制冷循环的工作原理、技术发展历程、工质组的选取,以及以氨-丁烷水为工质组的制冷循环运行参数的确定原则。

考虑波流影响的深水群桩基础桥墩地震反应分析

用基于ABAQUS软件为平台的平行计算技术,对考虑波流影响的地基土-群桩-桥墩体系进行三维非线性地震反应数值模拟,土体和墩台以八节点等参单元离散,桩以梁单元离散,采用土体黏塑性记忆型嵌套面本构模型描述土的动力特性,采用动力塑性损伤模型描述混凝土的动力特性;基于Morison公式,采用Stokes五阶波浪理论描述表面波流,波浪力以分布力的形式施加于桥墩之上,分析了考虑和不考虑波流作用时不同地震动作用下群桩基础桥墩的地震反应特性,结果表明:波流作用对桩体加速度反应的影响很小,但对桩体相对位移和弯矩的影响显著,波流作用使桩体弯矩和顺流向的相对位移增大、逆流向的相对位移减小,其影响幅度随流速的增大而增大,波流作用与输入地震动特性密切相关。考虑波流作用对深水大型桥梁群桩基础桥墩地震反应的影响是有必要的。

粤北仁化棉花坑铀矿床成矿热液演化及其对成矿过程的约束

本文以棉花坑(302)铀矿床成矿期紫黑色萤石、浅粉红色方解石及赤红色微晶石英等含铀脉石矿物及与之共生的黄铁矿为研究对象,采用流体包裹体热力学、群体成分分析及黄铁矿微量元素分析等方法,对成矿流体演化特性及对成矿过程的指示与约束开展了研究。研究表明,成矿期的萤石、方解石、微晶石英中流体包裹体类型以富液相两相Na Cl-H2O型为主,平均均一温度分别为185. 8℃、177. 0℃、140. 4℃,平均盐度分别为2. 24%Na Cleqv、1. 36%Na Cleqv、1. 75%Na Cleqv,矿床流体具有中低温低盐度特征;计算出平均成矿压力分别为39. 5MPa、38. 0MPa、30. 1MPa,平均成矿深度分别为1. 5km、1. 3km、1. 1km。流体包裹体群体成分显示成矿流体中富含K^+、Na^+、Ca^2+等阳离子和HCO3^-、F^-、SO4^2-等阴离子及CO2、H2O等气相成分。这些脉石矿物为成矿期不同阶段沉淀的产物,随着成矿流体温度、压力逐渐降低,流体存在演化分异和不混溶现象,流体内的∑M^+/∑M^-逐渐升高,矿物沉淀按先析出萤石、其次方解石、最后微晶石英的顺序进行。成矿期黄铁矿Y/Ho平均比值变化显示,矿物沉淀过程逐渐改变了成矿流体性质,使得Zr/Hf、Nb/La、Co/Ni等稀土、高场强元素平均比值逐渐变小,还原性的成矿环境也会发生轻微波动;铀元素在流体演化的最晚阶段才大量与微晶石英一同沉淀,沉淀出的黄铁矿U/Th平均比值逐渐升高。

MR电影相位对比成像定量研究不同年龄颈椎管内脑脊液运动

目的应用磁共振电影相位对比成像定量测量不同年龄健康者颈椎管内脑脊液的生理性运动。方法将60名健康志愿者分为5个年龄组：≤14岁（中位年龄10.2岁）10名,15~24岁（中位年龄20.1岁）15名,25~34岁（中位年龄30.2岁）13名,35~44岁（中位年龄40.4岁）14名,≥45岁（中位年龄50.3岁）8名。应用3.0T磁共振扫描仪于C2-3椎间盘水平行电影相位对比序列扫描,获得一个心动周期内颈椎管内脑脊液的收缩期峰值流速、峰值流量、舒张期峰值流速、峰值流量及流向。比较上述指标在各组间的差异。结果颈椎管内脑脊液收缩期峰值流速、峰值流量、舒张期峰值流速、峰值流量在≤14岁组明显高于其他4组（P均〈0.05）。结论磁共振电影相位对比成像可以准确定量反映颈椎管内脑脊液的流动特点,为进一步研究脑脊液循环障碍性疾病提供依据。