The ability of vitamin E to prevent or treat experimental lead intoxication was investigated in rats.Lead ingestion(10 mg/kg,lead as lead acetate,orally fbr 6 weeks)significantly inhibited the activity of blood δ-ami...The ability of vitamin E to prevent or treat experimental lead intoxication was investigated in rats.Lead ingestion(10 mg/kg,lead as lead acetate,orally fbr 6 weeks)significantly inhibited the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALAD),reduced the brain dopamine (DA)contents,enhanced the blood zinc protoporphyrin,and enhanced the urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid(ALA).Lead exposure also elevated brain norepinephrine,homovanillic acid,and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)levels and concentration of lead in blood and tissue.Simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E along with lead significantly reduced the inhibition of blood ALAD activity,brain DA and 5-HIAA levels,and elevation of urinary ALA excretion.Blood and liver lead concentrations were also significantly reduced by simultaneous supplementation with vitamin E.Postlead exposure treatment with vitamin E was ineffective in reducing the lead-induced effects,except that the inhibition of blood ALAD activity was slightly reduced.The present results suggest that vitamin E given simultaneously with lead is effective in reducing the severity of lead intoxication.1989 Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
Endoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colonoscopy has been traditionally used in the diagnosis of IBD and helps in determination of an important e...Endoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colonoscopy has been traditionally used in the diagnosis of IBD and helps in determination of an important end point in patient management, “mucosal healing”. However, the involvement of an advanced endoscopist has expanded with innovations in therapeutic and newer imaging techniques. Endoscopists are increasingly being involved in the management of anastomotic and small bowel strictures in these patients. The advent of balloon enteroscopy has helped us access areas not deemed possible in the past for dilations. An advanced endoscopist also plays an integral part in managing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis complications including management of pouch strictures and sinuses. The use of rectal endoscopic ultrasound has been expanded for imaging of perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s disease and appears much more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging and exam under anesthesia. Advanced endoscopists also play an integral part in detection of dysplasia by employing advanced imaging techniques. In fact the paradigm for neoplasia surveillance in IBD is rapidly evolving with advancements in endoscopic imaging technology with pancolonic chromoendoscopy becoming the main imaging modality for neoplasia surveillance in IBD patients in most institutions. Advanced endoscopists are also called upon to diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and also offer options for endoscopic management of strictures through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, PSC patients are at increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma with a 20% lifetime risk. Brush cytology obtained during ERCP and use of fluorescence in situ hybridization which assesses the presence of chromosomal aneuploidy (abnormality in chromosome number) are established initial diagnostic techniques in the investigation of patients with biliary strictures. Thus advanced endoscopists play an integral part in the management of IBD patients and our article aims to summarize the current evidence which supports this role and calls for developing and training a new breed of interventionalists who specialize in the management of IBD patients and complications specific to those patients.展开更多
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is known to cause food borne illness globally. Treatment of infections caused by this organism is difficult because the administration of antibiotics might precipitate kidney complications; t...Escherichia coli O157:H7 is known to cause food borne illness globally. Treatment of infections caused by this organism is difficult because the administration of antibiotics might precipitate kidney complications; therefore there is the need to search for alternative therapy. In this study, the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of raw maize "ogi" was investigated on rats infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Infected rats treated with maize "ogi" slurry 1.0 mL once or twice daily and maize "ogi" liquor, 1.0 mL twice daily recovered 72 h while those that were treated with less than 1.0 mL recovered by 96 h. Without treatment with "ogi" however, the rats started recovering by 120 h. The treatment caused the white blood cells which had already gone up as a result of the infection to reduce significantly (P 〈 0.05) by 24 h of administration of raw fermented maize "ogi" components to the infected rats. It also caused a significant decrease in the lymphocyte counts of the infected and treated rats by 24 h. On the other hand, there was an increase in the neutrophil count irrespective of the different volumes and different components of raw "ogi" used by 24 h but by the 72 h of treatment, it started to decrease and by 120 h reduced to normal levels. Since the administration of raw maize "ogi" either slurry or liquor caused the duration of infection in rats infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 to reduce from 120 h to 72 h, it is therefore suggested that people having diarrhoea caused by this organism could drink fermented raw maize "ogi" slurry or liquor to treat the infection.展开更多
Resistance to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), an important anticancer drug, is a serious challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and multidrug-resistance protein(MRP) 5 and MRP8, ...Resistance to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), an important anticancer drug, is a serious challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and multidrug-resistance protein(MRP) 5 and MRP8, rather than P-glycoprotein, play important roles in 5-FU transport. Thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidine phosphorylase are four key enzymes involved in 5-FU metabolism. Other metabolic enzymes, including uridine monophosphate synthetase, also contribute to chemoresistance. Intracellular signaling pathways are an integrated network, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases are signaling pathways that are particularly relevant to 5-FU resistance. In addition, recent reports indicate that STAT-3 is a crucial survival protein. Proteomic assays provide a powerful tool for identifying target proteins and understanding the role of micro RNAs and stromal factors to facilitate the development of strategies to combat 5-FU resistance.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effects and mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-313) inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) on drug resistance in colon cancer cells. Methods: The colon c...Objective: To explore the effects and mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-313) inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) on drug resistance in colon cancer cells. Methods: The colon cancer SW480 and SW620 cells were treated with BIO, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and BIO/5-FU, separately. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis level and efflux ability of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), thymidylate synthase (TS), β-catenin, E2F-1 and βcl-2 were detected by Western blot. β-catenin and P-gp were stained with double immunofluorescence and observed under a confocal microscope. Results: BIO up-regulated β-catenin, P-gp, MRP2 and TS, enhanced the efflux ability of Rh123, decreased Bcl-2 protein and gave the opposite effect to E2F-1 protein in SW480 and SW620 ceils. Furthermore, BIO significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, increased S and G2/M phase cells, and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU in SW480 cells, whereas the effects were slight or not obvious in SW620 cells. Conclusion: GSK-3β was involved in drug resistance regulation, and activation of β-catenin and inhibition of E2F-1 may be the most responsible for the enhancement of 5-FU chemotherapy resistance induced by GSK-β inhibitor β10 in colon cancer.展开更多
文摘The ability of vitamin E to prevent or treat experimental lead intoxication was investigated in rats.Lead ingestion(10 mg/kg,lead as lead acetate,orally fbr 6 weeks)significantly inhibited the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase(ALAD),reduced the brain dopamine (DA)contents,enhanced the blood zinc protoporphyrin,and enhanced the urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid(ALA).Lead exposure also elevated brain norepinephrine,homovanillic acid,and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA)levels and concentration of lead in blood and tissue.Simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E along with lead significantly reduced the inhibition of blood ALAD activity,brain DA and 5-HIAA levels,and elevation of urinary ALA excretion.Blood and liver lead concentrations were also significantly reduced by simultaneous supplementation with vitamin E.Postlead exposure treatment with vitamin E was ineffective in reducing the lead-induced effects,except that the inhibition of blood ALAD activity was slightly reduced.The present results suggest that vitamin E given simultaneously with lead is effective in reducing the severity of lead intoxication.1989 Academic Press.Inc.
基金Supported by Research grants from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group and the American College of Gastroen-terology to Navaneethan U
文摘Endoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colonoscopy has been traditionally used in the diagnosis of IBD and helps in determination of an important end point in patient management, “mucosal healing”. However, the involvement of an advanced endoscopist has expanded with innovations in therapeutic and newer imaging techniques. Endoscopists are increasingly being involved in the management of anastomotic and small bowel strictures in these patients. The advent of balloon enteroscopy has helped us access areas not deemed possible in the past for dilations. An advanced endoscopist also plays an integral part in managing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis complications including management of pouch strictures and sinuses. The use of rectal endoscopic ultrasound has been expanded for imaging of perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s disease and appears much more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging and exam under anesthesia. Advanced endoscopists also play an integral part in detection of dysplasia by employing advanced imaging techniques. In fact the paradigm for neoplasia surveillance in IBD is rapidly evolving with advancements in endoscopic imaging technology with pancolonic chromoendoscopy becoming the main imaging modality for neoplasia surveillance in IBD patients in most institutions. Advanced endoscopists are also called upon to diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and also offer options for endoscopic management of strictures through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, PSC patients are at increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma with a 20% lifetime risk. Brush cytology obtained during ERCP and use of fluorescence in situ hybridization which assesses the presence of chromosomal aneuploidy (abnormality in chromosome number) are established initial diagnostic techniques in the investigation of patients with biliary strictures. Thus advanced endoscopists play an integral part in the management of IBD patients and our article aims to summarize the current evidence which supports this role and calls for developing and training a new breed of interventionalists who specialize in the management of IBD patients and complications specific to those patients.
文摘Escherichia coli O157:H7 is known to cause food borne illness globally. Treatment of infections caused by this organism is difficult because the administration of antibiotics might precipitate kidney complications; therefore there is the need to search for alternative therapy. In this study, the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of raw maize "ogi" was investigated on rats infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Infected rats treated with maize "ogi" slurry 1.0 mL once or twice daily and maize "ogi" liquor, 1.0 mL twice daily recovered 72 h while those that were treated with less than 1.0 mL recovered by 96 h. Without treatment with "ogi" however, the rats started recovering by 120 h. The treatment caused the white blood cells which had already gone up as a result of the infection to reduce significantly (P 〈 0.05) by 24 h of administration of raw fermented maize "ogi" components to the infected rats. It also caused a significant decrease in the lymphocyte counts of the infected and treated rats by 24 h. On the other hand, there was an increase in the neutrophil count irrespective of the different volumes and different components of raw "ogi" used by 24 h but by the 72 h of treatment, it started to decrease and by 120 h reduced to normal levels. Since the administration of raw maize "ogi" either slurry or liquor caused the duration of infection in rats infected with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 to reduce from 120 h to 72 h, it is therefore suggested that people having diarrhoea caused by this organism could drink fermented raw maize "ogi" slurry or liquor to treat the infection.
基金Supported by The Research Special Fund for the Public Welfare Industry of Health(The Translational Research of Early Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer,201202007)
文摘Resistance to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), an important anticancer drug, is a serious challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and multidrug-resistance protein(MRP) 5 and MRP8, rather than P-glycoprotein, play important roles in 5-FU transport. Thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidine phosphorylase are four key enzymes involved in 5-FU metabolism. Other metabolic enzymes, including uridine monophosphate synthetase, also contribute to chemoresistance. Intracellular signaling pathways are an integrated network, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases are signaling pathways that are particularly relevant to 5-FU resistance. In addition, recent reports indicate that STAT-3 is a crucial survival protein. Proteomic assays provide a powerful tool for identifying target proteins and understanding the role of micro RNAs and stromal factors to facilitate the development of strategies to combat 5-FU resistance.
基金supported by the Sci-Tech Project Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2009B080800023)
文摘Objective: To explore the effects and mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-313) inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) on drug resistance in colon cancer cells. Methods: The colon cancer SW480 and SW620 cells were treated with BIO, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and BIO/5-FU, separately. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis level and efflux ability of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), thymidylate synthase (TS), β-catenin, E2F-1 and βcl-2 were detected by Western blot. β-catenin and P-gp were stained with double immunofluorescence and observed under a confocal microscope. Results: BIO up-regulated β-catenin, P-gp, MRP2 and TS, enhanced the efflux ability of Rh123, decreased Bcl-2 protein and gave the opposite effect to E2F-1 protein in SW480 and SW620 ceils. Furthermore, BIO significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, increased S and G2/M phase cells, and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU in SW480 cells, whereas the effects were slight or not obvious in SW620 cells. Conclusion: GSK-3β was involved in drug resistance regulation, and activation of β-catenin and inhibition of E2F-1 may be the most responsible for the enhancement of 5-FU chemotherapy resistance induced by GSK-β inhibitor β10 in colon cancer.