Elementary Flux Mode Analysis for Optimized Ethanol Yield in Anaerobic Fermentation of Glucose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Elementary flux mode （EFM） analysis was used in the metabolic analysis of central carbon metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on constructed cellular network. Calculated from the metabolic model, the ethanol-producing pathway No. 37 furthest converts the substrate into ethanol among the 78 elementary flux modes. The in silico metabolic phenotypes predicted based on this analysis fit well with the fermentation performance of the engineered strains, KAM3 and KAMll, which confirmed that EFM analysis is valid to direct the construction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered strains, to increase the ethanol yield.

Effects of Finite Aspect Ratio and Noncircular Plasma Flux Surface on Electron Temperature Gradient Driven Modes

A gyrokinetic model with integral eigenmode equations is developed based on the local equilibrium of shaped tokamak plasmas. Effects of main geometric parameters （finite aspect ratio, elongation, triangularity, and Shafranov shift gradient） on the electrostatic electron temper- ature gradient （ETG） driven modes are investigated numerically. It is found that the finite aspect ratio has a general stabilizing effect, while the elongation can be either stabilizing or destabilizing, depending on the poloidal wavelength of the mode and other parameters. It is shown that a low aspect ratio enhances the stabilizing effect of elongation, and weakens its destabilizing effect as well.

考虑磁链变化率的永磁同步电机失磁故障复合容错控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)失磁故障中磁链变化较快,近似认为磁链变化率为0会导致传统PMSM失磁容错控制方法性能受限的问题,本文提出一种基于智能比例积分微分的无模型超螺旋滑模复合容错控制(iPID-MFSTSMC)方法。首先,构建考虑永磁体磁链变化量的PMSM失磁故障数学模型,根据这一模型设计了磁链滑模观测器,实现了对于磁链及其变化率的观测。此外,针对快速变化的负载转矩设计了负载转矩导数滑模观测器。然后,基于磁链及其变化率、负载转矩导数的观测,设计了iPID无模型容错控制方法,该方法采用超螺旋滑模算法对观测误差及其他扰动进行抑制,改善了动态性能且降低了控制器参数的设计难度。利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了所设计容错控制方法的稳定性,并给出了参数的设计条件。最后,在磁链以及负载转矩快速变化工况下,通过仿真和实验分析表明,该方法可以有效减少系统抖振并降低超调量。

柔性钻柱扭转振动及控制研究

在旋转钻井中,钻杆承担着传递扭矩以助钻头破岩的重要作用,钻杆的粘滑振动是降低钻井设备使用寿命和钻进效率的主要原因之一,因此,通过研究粘滑振动的机理,探寻一种有效的抑制方法。提出了基于改进粒子群优化PID参数的鲁棒控制器,抑制钻头的粘滑振动并且使得其它部件保持期望的速度上。采用四自由度粘滑振动模型,包括转盘、钻杆、钻铤和钻头,同时考虑钻头与岩石接触的非线性相互作用。利用Matlab/Simulink建立模型仿真进行数值分析,并且设计模拟钻头卡钻实验。结果表明:粘滑现象会带来严重的后果,改进的粒子群优化PID参数可以使钻头及其他部件稳定在给定的转速的附近,控制响应时间小于40 s,减少了钻头扭矩波动,有效地抑制了钻柱粘滑振动。

基于无电网电压传感器的Vienna整流器滑模模型预测控制

Vienna整流器的控制系统设计与电网电压参数密不可分,然而,传统的电压传感器增加了系统的成本和复杂性.针对此问题,提出一种Vienna整流器无电网电压传感器模型预测控制策略.通过建立Vienna整流器虚拟磁通数学模型来估计电网电压,利用二阶低通滤波器消除了积分初值和直流偏置问题,进而提高观测效果.其次,结合模型预测直接功率控制(DPMPC),以功率跟踪误差最小为目标得到三桥臂的开关序列.实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略谐波含量低,电压能准确跟踪给定值,具有良好的稳态和动态性能.

基于转子磁链和扰动观测器的异步电机自适应反步控制

针对转子电阻摄动和内外部扰动问题,设计了自适应反步控制方法来调节电机速度。首先,提出了一种改进指数趋近律的滑模磁链观测器,估算转子磁链并根据所得磁链计算出转子磁链角。其次,采用扰动观测器估计电机系统中出现的模型不确定性和负载扰动等。再次,利用反步控制法,求解出虚拟控制律和转子电阻自适应律,并设计自适应反步控制器。最后,将所设计的控制方法与传统反步控制方法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提方法的动态过程响应速度快、超调小,稳态过程跟踪精度高,且具有良好的抗干扰能力。

基于磁链观测的永磁直线同步电机自适应非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对应用于电磁弹射的永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)无位置传感器控制系统易受参数变化等不确定因素影响,提出一种将磁链观测器与自适应非奇异快速终端滑模控制(ANFTSMC)相结合的组合控制系统。该组合控制系统针对含有不确定参数的PMLSM,设计磁链观测器实时计算电机动子的位置和速度信息,确保控制系统快速获得准确的运行参数,并利用ANFTSMC自适应调整系统收敛速度的特性,抑制不确定因素的影响,提高系统的响应速度,避免终端滑模控制出现的奇异性问题。通过仿真分析验证,该控制系统可以在保证跟踪精度和响应速度的同时,削弱抖振,实现PMLSM无位置传感器情况下快速、平稳运行,该控制系统能够满足电磁弹射的工程应用要求。

基于PCC-LPSO-BP的油气管道缺陷分类识别研究

为准确识别油气管道的缺陷类型,分析缺陷漏磁信号特征对识别精度的影响,建立了基于PCC-LPSO-BP的油气管道缺陷识别模型。采用皮尔逊相关系数法(PCC)分析了缺陷漏磁信号特征量与缺陷尺寸间的相关程度,建立了混沌映射和莱维飞行改进的粒子群优化后的BP神经网络识别模型即LPSO-BP模型,采用评价指标综合比较了模型的识别效果,分析了该识别模型对各缺陷类型的识别精度以及各特征量对识别结果的影响。研究结果表明:LPSO-BP模型相较于BP模型识别精度提高了7.47%,且在现有的数据范围内对表面剥落和裂纹的识别率达到了100%。研究结果对油气管道缺陷识别量化具有一定的参考价值。

一种基于自适应滤波的VFRM无位置传感器控制

可变磁通磁阻电机(variable flux reluctance machine,VFRM)的空间磁链谐波和逆变器非线性等因素会在扩展反电动势中产生谐波,进而降低无位置传感器的控制精度。为解决此问题,首先通过构建双曲正切函数滑模观测器,减小传统滑模观测器造成的高频抖振和相位延迟;然后分析了扩展反电动势谐波对转子位置估计的影响,并在此基础上提出了一种变步长最小二乘(least mean square,LMS)自适应滤波算法,准确地提取了扩展反电动势的基波分量,提高了转子位置和转速的估计精度。实验结果表明,所提算法与传统定步长LMS自适应滤波算法相比具有更好的控制性能。

ENSO-Dependent and ENSO-Independent Variability over the Mid-Latitude North Pacific: Observation and Air-Sea Coupled Model Simulation

During El Niño events, the warm anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific are seen to occur in conjunction with prominent warm anomalies in the North Pacific SSTs off the west coast of North America as well as with cold anomalies in the central North Pacific. This kind of North Pacific response to ENSO is examined in observational data and IPSL air-sea coupled model simulations. Analyses based on observational data and the model output data both support the hypothesis of an “atmospheric bridge concept”, i.e., the atmospheric response to ENSO, in turn, forces the extra-tropical SST anomalies associated with the El Ninno event, thereby serving as a bridge between the tropical and extra-tropical Pacific. Regarding the mechanism responsible for this, the ocean dynamical response to the atmospheric forcing is suggested to be active, while the contribution of latent heat flux is also significant. The role of solar radiation, longwave radiation, and sensible heat flux are of minor importance however, as indicated in the model. Further analysis shows that the North Pacific mode, which is linearly independent of ENSO, resembles the El Niño-type SST mode in the northern Pacific, i.e. both take the pattern of a zonally-oriented dipole in the subtropical Pacific, though differ slightly in the location of the anomaly center. The coupling between the North Pacific mode and the atmosphere is found to be mainly via air-sea heat flux exchange in the model. Both solar radiation and longwave radiation play important roles, while the contribution of latent heat flux is nearly negligible.

Application of ESMD Method to Air-Sea Flux Investigation

The ESMD method can be seen as a new alternate of the well-known Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) for non-steady data processing. It is good at finding the optimal adaptive global mean fitting curve, which is superior to the common least-square method and running-mean approach. Take the air-sea momentum flux investigation as an example, only when the non-turbulent wind components is well extracted, can the remainder signal be seen as actual oscillations caused by turbulence. With the aid of —5/3 power law for the turbulence, a mode-filtering approach based on ESMD decomposition is developed here. The test on observational data indicates that this approach is very feasible and it may greatly reduce the error caused by the non-turbulent components.

A passive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of the vertical intensity flux in shallow water

The phase of cross-correlation function of two different normal modes contains source range information, which can be extracted by warping transform due to the dispersive characteristics of the shallow water waveguide. The autocorrelation function of the received pressure or particle velocity contains both modal autocorrelation component(MAC) and modal cross-correlation component(MCC), with the former part usually treated as interference for source ranging. Because the real part of the vertical intensity flux(RPVIF) only contains MCC, a passive impulsive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of RPVIF with a single vector receiver in shallow water is presented. Using a waveguide-invariant-based frequency warping operator, the cross-correlation components of two different modes in the vertical intensity flux are warped into separable impulsive sequences, the time delays of which are subsequently used for source ranging. The advantages of source ranging based on warping the vertical intensity flux compared with warping the pressure autocorrelation function are pointed out, and the experiment results are also presented.

离子型稀土多孔注液湿润体单向交汇入渗特征及关系模型

离子型稀土矿主要采用原地浸矿法实施资源回收,合理设置注液孔网可有效提高浸矿均匀性和浸矿液渗流速度。而合理孔网参数设定与多孔注液入渗过程中湿润体和湿润峰变化特征密切相关。对不同间距单向交汇入渗试验和单孔入渗试验进行了对比和分析。结果表明:湿润体交汇前,两种试验的湿润峰运移曲线基本重合,湿润体形状近似为八分之一椭球体;湿润体交汇后,交汇处湿润峰比注液孔正下方湿润峰运移快,湿润体形状逐渐变成椭圆柱体,交汇作用明显加快注液孔正下方湿润峰的运移,提高浸矿速度和浸矿的均匀性。交汇处和注液孔正下方湿润峰运移距离与入渗时间的关系曲线符合幂函数变化规律。在入渗过程中,湿润体体积和累计入渗量有明显的线性关系,且注液孔间距越小,湿润体含水率越高。基于Green-Ampt模型和质量守恒定律推导了单向交汇入渗条件下湿润峰运移距离与入渗时间关系模型,模型与试验结果吻合度高。

An agent-based simulation with NetLogo platform to evaluate forward osmosis process(PRO Mode)

Forward osmosis(FO), as an emerging technology, is influenced by different factors such as operating conditions,module characteristics, and membrane properties. The general aim of this study was to develop a suitable(flexible,comprehensive, and convenient to use) computational tool which is able to simulate osmosis through an asymmetric membrane oriented in pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) mode in a wide variety of scenarios. For this purpose, an agent-based model was created in NetLogo platform, which is an easy-to-use application environment with graphical visualization abilities and well suited for modeling a complex system evolving over time. The simulation results were validated with empirical data obtained from literature and a great agreement was observed. The effect of various parameters on process performance was investigated in terms of temperature,cross-flow velocity, length of the module, pure water permeability coefficient, and structural parameter of the membrane. Results demonstrated that the increase in all parameters, except structural parameter of the membrane and the length of module led to the increase of average water flux. Moreover, nine different draw solutes were selected in order to assess the influence of net bulk osmotic pressure difference between the draw solution(DS) and feed solution(FS)(known as the driving force of FO process) on water flux. Based on the findings of this paper, the performance of FO process(PRO mode) can be efficiently evaluated using the NetL ogo platform.

基于分数阶全局滑模与Elman神经网络磁链观测的PMSM转矩脉动抑制研究

针对传统直接转矩控制转矩脉动较大的问题,提出一种基于构造分数阶全局滑模控制器和基于Elman神经网络电阻辨识的磁链观测器的PMSM转矩脉动抑制方法。首先,建立了PMSM的数学模型,以磁链和转矩误差建立了分数阶滑模面,设计了分数阶全局滑模控制器;其次,为了通过精确观测磁链来进一步实现转矩脉动的抑制,提出了基于Elman神经网络的电阻辨识方法,然后将辨识结果用于磁链观测器的设计,并与分数阶全局滑模控制器结合,构建了基于分数阶全局滑模与磁链观测的PMSM控制系统,实现对PMSM转矩脉动的抑制。试验结果表明,所提出的基于构造分数阶全局滑模控制器和基于Elman神经网络电阻辨识的磁链观测器相结合的方法可以很好地抑制转矩脉动。

基于转子磁链观测器的五相容错PMSM开路故障下的无位置传感器控制

五相容错永磁同步电机(PMSM)开路故障模型的不对称性,影响了其无位置运行性能。该文提出一种基于转子磁链观测器的无位置控制策略。首先,该策略在容错模型基础上,构建基于指数趋近律的滑模观测器(SMO)以获取反电动势信号;其次,为抑制所观测反电动势中直流偏置、低频和高频谐波对转子位置观测精度的影响,设计一种改进型二阶广义积分器(ISOGI),并将其和SMO级联构成转子磁链观测器;然后,采用锁相环技术从转子磁链中提取转子位置信息;最后,将该转子磁链观测器和容错控制策略相结合。实验结果表明,该策略提高了转子位置观测精度,实现了PMSM开路故障下的无位置高性能运行。

焊剂片约束电弧焊接三明治板熔滴过渡与熔池波动研究

针对焊剂片约束电弧(FBCA)焊接高强钢三明治板熔池研究难点,采用侧边贴敷耐高温石英玻璃片方法,采集焊接动态过程信息,实现熔池边缘曲线的提取与特征参数的计算,研究不同参数下熔滴过渡模式及熔池边缘曲线波动情况,分析熔池振荡角与焊接稳定性及焊缝成形之间的关系。结果表明:不同参数下FBCA焊接存在短路过渡、粗滴过渡、排斥过渡、细滴过渡、射滴过渡、弧桥并存过渡六种过渡方式,对芯板内熔池边缘波动的影响依次减弱;随着熔池振荡角变化,熔池边缘曲线形状存在混合U形、深U形及浅U形,电弧燃烧稳定性依次增强;当焊接处于弧桥并存过渡模式、熔池边缘曲线为浅U形时,电弧稳定燃烧,电弧力作用均匀,焊接过程稳定,焊缝质量最好。

草鱼混养与单养的温室气体昼夜变化特征研究

为探究草鱼混养与单养两种养殖模式的温室气体昼夜变化特征与影响因素,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱仪法对2个草鱼养殖池塘的水-气界面CO_(2)、甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)通量进行了24 h观测。结果显示:草鱼混养和单养CO_(2)通量的昼夜变化范围分别为(-119.03±76.25)~(59.79±52.19)和(-199.88±163.25)~(186.64±48.06) mg/(m^(2)·h),CH_(4)通量范围分别为(1.81±2.07)~(7.25±7.06)和(-11.75±14.38)~(17.77±14.84) mg/(m^(2)·h),N_(2)O通量范围分别为(24.4±16.4)~(77.4±34.7)和(43.8±12.8)~(165.7±122.2)μg/(m^(2)·h)。草鱼混养的CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O日平均排放量均低于单养模式,其中,N_(2)O的排放达到了极显著水平,混养模式使草鱼养殖的CO_(2)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O平均排放通量分别下降了56.60%、5.03%和46.96%。整体上两种养殖模式均为温室气体排放源;三种温室气体排放均具有昼低夜高的特征,两种模式的CO_(2)通量昼夜差异均达到极显著水平,草鱼单养CH_(4)排放的昼夜差异达到显著水平,两种养殖模式N_(2)O排放的昼夜差异均不显著;驱动混养模式温室气体排放的主要环境因子为氧化还原电位(Eh)、化学需氧量(COD)、总有机碳(TOC)和气压,单养模式的主要驱动因素为风速、气压和泥温;混养能降低草鱼池塘养殖的温室气体排放,具有显著的碳减排效益。

基于自适应迭代优化FSMO的PMSM无感控制

针对磁链滑模观测器(flux sliding mode observer,FSMO)中存在的抖振以及转子位置估计精度的问题,提出了一种自适应迭代磁链滑模观测器(adaptive iterative flux sliding mode observer,AIFSMO)。首先,构建了以电流和磁链为状态变量的FSMO模型;其次,为了减少计算FSMO最优增益的迭代次数,构建了带有速度和电流的误差准则函数对其进行自适应调整,减少了系统的抖振;最后,与转子速度自适应辨识相结合,设计了改进转子位置估计器,在稳态、转速突变和负载突变3种工况下进行仿真测试。测试结果表明,与基于PLL(phase locked loop,PLL)的FSMO相比,消除了系统的抖振,提高了转子速度和位置的估计精度,在转速和负载突变时使系统的动态性能得到加强,减小了相位延迟。

基于HOT-FSMO的数控机床永磁同步电机无感控制

针对数控机床永磁同步电机传统的线性磁链滑模观测器存在固有的抖振和不能在有限时间内收敛的问题,提出一种基于高阶终端滑模面的磁链滑模观测器(flux sliding mode observer based on high order terminal sliding mode surface,HOT-FSMO)。首先,将终端滑模因子引入滑模面,并用电流误差的导数取代了传统的线性部分,实现了状态变量误差在有限时间内全局收敛;其次,提出一种高阶滑模控制律,利用其传递函数的滤波特性,实现磁链估计的抖振抑制。仿真实验的结果表明,在不同转速和负载条件下,相比于传统的线性磁链滑模观测器,所提出的HOT-FSMO能够有效抑制定子电流估计值的抖振,减小位置估计误差,具有更强的鲁棒性;并且能够实现定子电流误差和磁链估计值在有限时间内收敛,加快了系统的响应速度,提高了系统的动态性能。