Application of foam technology for dust control in underground coal mine

In order to effectively control the dust in the underground coal mine,this study proposes and develops a new technology for dust control by foam,and briefly demonstrates the advantage of the foam technology for dust control,such as the good isolation performance,large contact area,high wetting ability,strong adhesion and so on.Besides,the details of the technology are introduced,including the foam agent,foam generator,and foam production process.Then the paper studies the relationship between the foaming agent concentration and liquid surface tension,and explains the principle of the foam generator.The technology is applied in heading face.The application results show that the foam has a remarkable effect on dust control in underground coal mines.

Gas/water foams stabilized with a newly developed anionic surfactant for gas mobility control applications

Carbon dioxide(CO2) flooding is one of the most globally used EOR processes to enhance oil recovery.However,the low gas viscosity and density result in gas channeling and gravity override which lead to poor sweep efficiency.Foam application for mobility control is a promising technology to increase the gas viscosity,lower the mobility and improve the sweep efficiency in the reservoir.Foam is generated in the reservoir by co-injection of surfactant solutions and gas.Although there are many surfactants that can be used for such purpose,their performance with supercritical CO2(ScCO2) is weak causing poor or loss of mobility control.This experimental study evaluates a newly developed surfactant(CNF) that was introduced for ScCO2 mobility control in comparison with a common foaming agent,anionic alpha olefin sulfonate(AOS) surfactant.Experimental work was divided into three stages:foam static tests,interfacial tension measurements,and foam dynamic tests.Both surfactants were investigated at different conditions.In general,results show that both surfactants are good foaming agents to reduce the mobility of ScCO2 with better performance of CNF surfactant.Shaking tests in the presence of crude oil show that the foam life for CNF extends to more than 24 h but less than that for AOS.Moreover,CNF features lower critical micelle concentration(CMC),higher adsorption,and smaller area/molecule at the liquid-air interface.Furthermore,entering,spreading,and bridging coefficients indicate that CNF surfactant produces very stable foam with light crude oil in both deionized and saline water,whereas AOS was stable only in deionized water.At all conditions for mobility reduction evaluation,CNF exhibits stronger flow resistance,higher foam viscosity,and higher mobility reduction factor than that of AOS surfactant.In addition,CNF and ScCO2 simultaneous injection produced 8.83% higher oil recovery than that of the baseline experiment and 7.87% higher than that of AOS.Pressure drop profiles for foam flooding using CNF was slightly higher than that of AOS indicating that CNF is better in terms of foam-oil tolerance which resulted in higher oil recovery.

Injection Scheme Optimization of Foam Profile Control on Block S103

Facing problems with oil production decreasing quickly and water content increasing gradually in S103 well area, the Foam Profile Control was studied on the basis of its confirmed agent formula. The facies-controlled geological model of S103 well area was generated using random model based on Petrel software and using numerical simulation based on CMG software. Gas liquid alternating injection pattern was optimized as the optimal solution through the simulation optimization. Two months are optimized as the optimal solution through the simulation optimization. The cumulative oil production is 0.933 × 107 kg which is higher than the value of subsequent water flooding and the other three. Finally, it reaches the goals of slowing down the production decline and controlling the water rising.

A comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall coal mines

Mine dust is one of the main hazards in underground longwall mines worldwide.In order to solve the mine dust problem,a significant number of studies have been carried out regarding longwall mine dust control,both in China and Australia.This paper presents a comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall mines,with particular references to statutory limits,dust monitoring methods and dust management practices,followed by a brief discussion on the research status of longwall mine dust control in both countries.The study shows that water infusion,face ventilation controls,water sprays,and deep and wet cutting in longwall shearer operations are commonly practiced in almost all underground longwall mines and that both Chinese and Australian longwall mine dust control practices have their own advantages and disadvantages.It is concluded that there is a need for further development and innovative design of more effective dust mitigation products or systems despite the development of various dust control technologies.Based on the examinations and discussions,the authors have made some recommendations for further research and development in dust control in longwall mines.It is hoped that this comparative study will provide beneficial guidance for scholars and engineers who are engaging in longwall mine dust control research and practice.

Autofoam泡沫整理系统

泡沫整理技术可广泛应用于机织布、针织布、无纺布和地毯的化学品后整理。本文介绍了自动控制泡沫整理机 (Autofoam)泡沫整理系统的功效、组成、施加方式、发泡器及全自动的控制器。

Roof filling control technology and application to mine roadway damage in small pit goaf

To recover coal resources that have been damaged by traditional mining methods and ensure stability of the lower roadway in a small pit goaf,the goaf area must be filled and reinforced.In this research,the 1202 working face of the Hanzui mine is considered as an example for classifying the roof of the mining tunnel under the small kiln destruction zone,the effect of the goaf on the roadway is determined based on the radio tunnel penetration method,a mechanical model to determine the roof filling control mechanism was established,and the duct foaming system and roof filling process were designed.The results show that the scope and degree of influence of the goaf on the mining lane are large,but safe tunneling can be ensured through the use of a steel shed and advanced grouting techniques.When the roof conditions are not similar,materials with different filling heights and filling strengths can be used to control the roof filling of the roadway.By combining field experience and laboratory tests,it was determined that a high-foaming material with a water-cement ratio of 1:0.6,a suitable high-foaming additive,and a water volume ratio of 1:30 is cost-efficient for filling and meets the filling strength requirements.Finally,the reliability of the proposed technology was verified by field experiments,which provide a reference for filling operations in similar mines.

Research on Optimization Design of Deep Profile Control Injection Scheme in Block S

In view of the rapid decline rate of oil production and gradual increase of water cut in oil wells in Block S, based on the determination of the formula of foam profile control agent, the optimization study of foam profile control injection scheme was carried out. Petrel software is used to establish a facies controlled geological model based on stochastic modeling method in Block S, and CMG software is used for numerical simulation to design 7 sets of foam profile control prediction schemes. Dynamic data and numerical simulation methods are used to optimize foam injection mode and injection cycle. By simulating and calculating, the optimal injection method of alternating gas and liquid injection and the optimal plan with an injection period of 2 months were selected. Through the calculation results of various research plans, it can be seen that the water content of the optimal plan has decreased significantly, and the oil production rate has increased significantly, in order to slow down production decline, control water content rise, extend the economic recovery period of the oilfield, and achieve the goal of improving oil recovery.

Application of micro-foam drilling fluid technology in Haita area

In recent years, a new kind of drilling fluid system with unique structure micro-foam has been developed. Compared with other drilling fluid systems, it possesses many advantages. And it has been successfully applied in hundreds of wells to drill depleted reservoirs in the world wide. The geological structure is very complex in Haita area, it is difficult to achieve the requirement of increasing drilling rate by conventional drilling methods, even can’t make footage. The micro-foam drilling fluid can apply to Haita area, and solve the drilling problems commendably, which is comprehended by studying the structure and plugging, prevent caving, speed mechanism of the micro-foam drilling fluid. Field practice indicates that micro-foam drilling fluid technology can resolve the drilling problem effectively in Haita basin. It has the extremely vital significance to improve drilling speed, discover and protect reservoir stratum, decrease the risk of circulation loss and save the drilling cost.

石油开采噪声控制研究与应用

文章详细介绍了钻机噪声源特征、工作场景特征要求、降噪设计关键难点、降噪方案及其成果,可为石油开采、钻探领域噪声控制工程提供借鉴。项目涉及的国际工程中标准的适用问题与解决方案,也可为同类国际项目提供借鉴。

两性离子表面活性剂和纳米颗粒为起泡剂的高稳定性超临界二氧化碳泡沫封窜体系

胜利油田低渗透油藏具有埋藏深(>3000 m)、温度高(>120℃)、非均质性强等特点,针对低渗透油藏CO_(2)驱波及效率低、常规泡沫高温调驱性能变差等问题,构建了由两性离子表面活性剂(HSD)和改性SiO_(2)纳米颗粒为起泡剂的高稳定性超临界CO_(2)泡沫体系。研究了该体系在高温下的起泡性能和耐温性能;分别评价了纳米SiO_(2)对超临界CO_(2)泡沫体系流变特性、封堵特性以及调驱性能的影响;最后探讨了纳米颗粒强化超临界CO_(2)泡沫的稳定机理。结果表明,高稳定性超临界CO_(2)泡沫体系表现出良好的起泡性能和耐高温特性,随着体系中纳米颗粒浓度的增加,泡沫半衰期先增加后降低。在110℃下,0.5%的纳米颗粒可使泡沫析液半衰期由17 min提高到40 min,稳定性提高了近1.5倍。在相同的剪切速率下,体系的表观黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增加,稠度系数由0.073增至1.220。在岩心封堵实验中,泡沫在多孔介质中的稳态表观黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增加,封堵强度逐渐增强;超临界CO_(2)泡沫呈“颗粒状”堆叠排放,泡沫直径为10~20μm。超临界CO_(2)泡沫具有较好的调驱性能,能封堵高渗透通道,迫使后续注入的CO_(2)进入低渗透基质中,从而提高采收率。表面活性剂分子吸附在纳米SiO_(2)表面使其具有了界面活性,进而纳米SiO_(2)吸附到气液界面上,提高了泡沫稳定性。

海上特超稠油油藏小井距蒸汽吞吐汽窜堵调工艺

渤海某大规模热采开发的特超稠油油藏在一轮次注热期间井间汽窜率超70%,严重影响油田产能。针对该情况,基于探井、测井认识,先后开展药剂性能评价、单/双管驱替实验及现场堵调应用,对高含水层物性得到了进一步认识,随后开展泡沫调剖、井组同注数值模拟及现场试验,井间汽窜得到有效控制。研究结果表明,局部高含水低渗储层经蒸汽冲刷后平均渗透率或高于探井阶段测量值,对于已汽窜井开展井组同注措施,对于未汽窜井及井组边部井采用强化泡沫调剖,该措施不仅可以有效控制和预防汽窜,同时可均匀动用储层,优势层段吸汽剖面级差降低46.8%。泡沫调剖辅助井组同注的工艺策略实施后单井产能提高12%~33%,对海上特超稠油高效开发具有指导意义。

合成顶驱齿轮油的研制

顶驱齿轮箱是顶部驱动钻井装置(TDS)的关键传动部件,对齿轮油的泡沫特性及温度控制能力有较高的要求,为此对顶驱齿轮油进行了研制。通过对基础油和复合剂的选择,以及对氧化后齿轮油泡沫特性的考察,得到了合成顶驱齿轮油由合成基础油(PAO4+mPAO+POE),2.5%的RHY4206工业齿轮油复合剂以及120μg/g的复合抗泡剂(20μg/g的甲基硅油+100μg/g的改性硅聚合物)组成,其泡沫特性(24℃,93℃,后24℃)为0 mL/0 mL,0 mL/0 mL,0 mL/0 mL(68号)及5 mL/0 mL,10 mL/0 mL,5 mL/0 mL(150号)。应用表明,合成顶驱齿轮油的使用温度稳定在34.8℃~49.6℃之间(<60℃报警值)。研制的合成顶驱齿轮油具有良好的泡沫特性和温度控制能力,完全能够满足顶驱齿轮箱的润滑要求。

基于低渗油藏裂缝型水淹泡沫复合调驱技术研究

针对裂缝型油藏水窜水淹以及传统的泡沫体系调控效果受限的问题,提出凝胶-泡沫复合调驱技术,并对其注入工艺进行优化研究。通过室内驱替实验对封堵增油效果进行评价,在此基础上,通过实验设计分别对体系的注入量、注入浓度、注入速度和注入方式进行优化,并进行矿场实践应用。实验结果表明,与单纯水驱相比,凝胶-泡沫体系最终采收率提高幅度达到19.7%。参数优化结果表明,当气液比为3∶1,起泡效果最好;注入量为0.3 PV、注入浓度为900 mg·L^(-1)·PV-1时,驱替效果最优;同时采取小排量、多段塞交替注入方式,驱油效率增幅比笼统注入方式下高6.79%。井场实践结果表明,措施后单井平均日增油1.59 t,含水率降低24.74%,增油率达到56.58%,降水增油效果显著。凝胶-泡沫协同调驱技术能够显著实现高含水井以及低效井降水增油的目的,针对裂缝型油藏注水开发中后期出现水淹水窜问题具有较好的治理效果。

综掘工作面磁化微泡沫降尘技术研究

砂墩子煤矿S4103综掘工作面粉尘灾害十分严重,其防尘方法比较单一,且效果较差。研发了一套由粉尘管控系统和磁化微泡沫抑尘系统融合的降尘技术,开展了现场降尘实验。使用磁化微泡沫降尘技术后,全尘降尘率达到64.1%~71.7%,呼吸性粉尘降尘率达到60.8%~75.2%。与原有喷雾降尘技术相比,磁化微泡沫降尘技术不仅降尘率更高,而且耗水量显著下降且不为工人增加额外的工作量,符合有关技术要求。本研究有利于绿色矿山的建设工作,进一步改善综掘工作面的作业环境,保障矿工的生命健康。

涠洲高渗油藏冻胶泡沫体系优选及室内评价

为找到耐温抗盐性能优秀、调剖控水能力优良且成冻时间可控的冻胶泡沫体系,进而应用于涠洲高渗高含水油藏,采用Waring Blender法、Sydansk代码法以及物理模拟实验以起泡体积、半衰期、成冻强度、阻力系数及分流量为评价指标,优选出0.2%阴离子型聚合物(KY-6)+0.6%有机铬交联剂(YG107)+0.6%十二烷基苯磺酸钠(BHSN12)+1%缓速剂乳酸钠的冻胶泡沫体系。结果表明:该体系耐温耐盐性能优秀;加入缓速剂后可实现成冻可控(约15 h成冻,强度为G级),稳定时间长;在目标油藏渗透率范围内封堵率大于99%,具有很好的封堵控水作用;渗透率级差为3.2~15.8,能有效注入并封堵强水窜通道,具有优秀的调剖控水能力,其中渗透率级差为7左右调剖效果最优。

高盐低渗透油藏CO_(2)泡沫微观尺度耐盐性及调驱效果

针对高盐低渗透油藏CO_(2)驱存在的气窜问题,以长庆油田H3区块为研究对象,构建SiO_(2)纳米颗粒强化CO_(2)泡沫体系,从泡沫流变性、气液界面张力、气泡液膜厚度与渗透性、泡沫微观结构4个方面评价泡沫体系耐盐性;通过开展SiO_(2)纳米颗粒强化CO_(2)泡沫体系并联岩心调驱实验,研究该体系调驱效果。根据实验结果,在油藏条件下,构建出配方为质量分数0.20%(OW-1)+0.30%(OW-4)+0.05%(SiO_(2))纳米颗粒强化CO_(2)泡沫体系,该泡沫体系的综合指数为36834 mL·min;该泡沫体系的微观尺度耐盐性评价结果表明,矿化度46357 mg/L与矿化度500 mg/L的配液相比,泡沫流变性更好,气液界面张力在10 MPa时仅增加1 mN/m,液膜渗透性增加了0.14 cm/s,但仍具有良好的泡沫骨架结构,该泡沫体系具有良好的耐盐性。此外,在并联岩心渗透率级差为15.55的条件下,该SiO_(2)纳米颗粒强化CO_(2)泡沫体系对岩心剖面改善率达到了97.28%,采收率显著提升,展现出良好的调驱能力。

气泡混合轻质土在管道回填中的应用研究

在老旧道路管网改造项目中,管道回填的质量难以保证。文中通过研究发现,气泡混合轻质土应用在管道回填中,在工作面受限环境下不影响质量、方便施工、造价相近的要求。这表明气泡混合轻质土应用的质量控制关键点在于发泡剂、发泡剂和原材料的适应性、设备选择、配合比设计、浇筑过程控制、养护等。

浮选智能加药控制系统开发及应用

针对选矿厂浮选药剂添加人工控制模式精确度低、调整不及时、人员操作偏差大、药剂单耗较高等情形,开发了一套浮选智能加药控制系统。系统结合了计量泵式自动加药机和泡沫影像单元等硬件,计量泵式自动加药机实现药剂远程精准控制,泡沫影像单元将现场浮选槽泡沫信息反馈给智能控制系统,实现了浮选药剂统一、及时、有效的智能控制。系统在选矿厂铜浮选工艺投入运行一段时间后,对比投入前后回收率指标和药剂使用单耗可知,浮选智能加药控制系统投入后,浮选铜回收率指标提高了0.36个百分点,同时捕收剂和起泡剂等药剂使用单耗平均相对减少16.56%。浮选智能加药控制系统在提高浮选回收率指标的同时,能有效降低药剂使用单耗,带来良好的经济效益,值得推广应用。

基于注采参数的地下生泡调剖效果影响因素分析

针对渤海中深层高温油藏地下生泡调剖技术应用效果存在差异的影响因素尚不明确等问题,以某中低渗油藏为研究对象,建立全油藏数值模拟模型,开展了生泡体系用量、调剖轮次、注入工艺、调剖后提液幅度、周围水井干扰、调剖时机以及组合调剖技术等因素对地下生泡调剖技术效果的影响研究。结果表明:1)由单因素分析可知,生泡体系用量大,调剖轮次1次,起泡剂段塞与地下生气段塞“分注”,调剖后受益井不提液,周围水井不降配注,调剖越早(含水60%),则地下生泡体系配合其他封堵体系组合调剖效果较好。2)由正交实验分析可知,起泡剂段塞与地下生气段塞“分注”对调剖效果影响最显著,其次为生泡体系用量(最优值为0.0024 PV)、组合调剖(凝胶+地下泡沫体系)及调剖时机(含水60%);调剖后提液幅度、周围水井降液幅度及调剖轮次对调剖效果影响不显著。3)矿场应用表明,通过增加凝胶+地下泡沫体系组合调剖,或提高体系用量(0.0024 PV)并采用生泡体系与起泡剂“分注”方式,能够提高调剖效果,有效期由第1轮次的3个月延长至13个月,增油由第1轮次的7270 m^(3)增至11000 m^(3)且仍然有效。该研究成果对同类型高温中低渗油田调剖技术的应用有较好的指导意义。

常压固定床气化酚水处理过程中起泡行为探究

煤气化废水是煤制天然气过程中低温/中温气化装置产生的主要废物流,是一种典型的高浓度难处理的工业废水,对环境产生负面影响。然而,气化废水处理过程中易于产生大量泡沫,针对固定床气化含酚废水的起泡性能和稳定性因素进行了深入研究,重点探讨了废水性质、浓度、pH等因素对泡沫稳定性的影响。研究发现,酚水泡沫的产泡能力与传输设备相关,而废水性质和环境条件也会对泡沫稳定性产生重要影响。最后,总结了影响固定床气化含酚废水起泡性能及稳定性的主要因素,并提出了相应的控制策略和建议,为酚水处理过程中泡沫的调控提供依据。