Regional stress field in Yunnan revealed by the focal mechanisms of moderate and small earthquakes

We determined focal mechanism solutions of 627 earthquakes of magnitude M ≥ 3.0 in Yunnan from January 2008 to May 2018 by using broadband waveforms recorded by 287 permanent and temporary regional stations. The results clearly revealed predominantly strike-slip faulting characteristics for earthquakes in Yunnan, with focal depths concentrated in the top 10 km of the crust. The earthquake mechanisms obtained were combined with the global centroid moment tensor solutions of 80 additional earthquakes from 1976 to 2016 to invert for the regional variations of stress field orientation by using a damped regional-scale stress inversion scheme.Results of the stress field inversion confirmed that the Yunnan region is under a strike–slip stress regime, with both maximum and minimum stress axes being nearly horizontal. The maximum compressional axes are primarily oriented in a northwest-southeast direction, and they experience a clockwise rotation from north to south, whereas the maximum extensional axes are oriented largely northeast-southwest. The maximum compressional axes are in line with the global positioning system–inferred horizontal velocity field and the southeastward escape of the Sichuan–Yunnan Rhombic Block, whereas the maximum extensional axes are consistent with anisotropy derived from SKS splitting. Against the strike–slip background, normal faulting stress regimes can be seen in the Tengchong volcanic area as well as in other areas with complex crisscrossing fault zones.

Modern tectonic stress field in the Chinese mainland inverted from focal mechanism solutions

The inversion of modern tectonic stress field in China is made by regions on the basis of focal mechanism data inthe period of 1920-1996. Results of the inversion show that the maximum principal compressive stress σ1 axisstrikes nearly north-south direction in the Tibet Plateau and western Chin4 east-west direction in North China Incentral China, its strikes show a radiate pattern, i.e., north-north east in north part, east-west in central part andnorth-north west in south part. The σ1 axes are often perpendicular to the minimum principal stress σ3 axes, exceptwestern China where the σ1 axes are oblique to the σ3 axes with an acute angle. R is defined by (σ2-σ1)/(σ3-σ1),has the higher values (0.60-0.90) in north part of central China and quickly changes into the lower values(0. 10-0.30) in the Tibet Plateau. Both of the observed and inverted fault planes have strikes varying with locations.Combining stress directions and R value, the stress configuration is divided into 7 groups. Most of the groups showstrike-slip faulting with intermediate R values, which occupies North China and the eastern part of China as well asinner Tibet Plateau. A few of them show reverse faulting with higher R values within western pod of China and thenorth edge of the Tibet Plateau. Normal faulting occurred on the south edge of the Tibet Plateau with smaller Rval nes.

Focal Fault and Stress Field of the Yao'an M 6.5 Earthquake on January 15, 2001

Using the 78 focal mechanism solutions of the fore shocks, main shock and after shocks of the earthquake sequence for the Yao’an earthquake, the characteristics of the focal faults and stress field for the earthquake sequence are analyzed. The results show that the main rupture plane of the Yao’an earthquake sequence is a tectonic fault with N50°W strike and steep dip and all the main shock, the fore shocks and the vast majority of after shocks occurred on the main rupture plane. A tectonic fracture with NNE-NE strike also participated in development process of the sequence. The focal stress field of the sequence dominated by principal compressional stress with nearly horizontal orientation SSE is consistent with the regional tectonic stress field. In the sequence development, the stress field in the focal region was complex with multi-azimuths and multi-action models and the focal rupture showed complex features with multi-directions and multi-patterns.

Focal mechanism and modern stress field along the Burmese Arc and its vicinity

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Present Tectonic Stress Field in the Capital Region of China Inverted from Focal Mechanisms of Small and Strong Earthquakes

A dense seismic network was installed in the capital region of China in recent years,which makes it possible to resolve the focal mechanisms of small earthquakes. We gathered large earthquake focal mechanisms from the last fifty years and moderate or small earthquake focal mechanisms from between 2002 and 2004,and calculated the present tectonic stress field of the capital region by the grid search method, which weighs different sized earthquakes and can improve the accuracy of the stress field inversion. The analysis of inversion results of different sub-regions shows that the azinuth of the maximum principal compressive stress axis is NE43°- 86° in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou-Datong area,NE38°-86° in the Tangshan area,and NE79°- 81° in the Xingtai area. Inversion results of this paper are similar to previous results,which proves the correctness of the approach. As revealed by the results,the stress field of the capital region is characterized by overall consistency and sub-regional differences. This study provides reference for earthquake mechanism explanation and geodynamics research.

Focal region field of a two dimensional Gregorian system coated with isotropic Chiral medium

Focal region field of a two dimensional Gregorian system coated with chiral medium is analyzed at high frequency. Maslov's method is used because the Geometrical Optics approximation fails at focal points. Maslov’s method combines the simplicity of ray theory and the generality of Fourier transform. Fields patterns are calculated numerically and the results are plotted. The effects of thickness of chiral layer, chirality parameter of the chiral medium and permittivity of the medium are analyzed. The problem of simple dielectric layer is discussed as a special case of this problem.

Determinations of directions of the mean stress field in Sichuan-Yunnan region from a number of focal mechanism solutions

Based on the spatial orientation and slip direction of the fault plane solutions, we present the expression of corre- sponding mechanical axis tensor in geographic coordinate system, and then put forward a method for calculating average mechanical axis tensor and its eigenvalues, which involves solving the corresponding eigenequation. The method for deducing mean stress field from T, B, and P axes parameters of a number of focal mechanism solutions has been verified by inverting data of mean stress fields in Fuyun region and in Tangshan region with fitting method of slip direction, and both results are consistent. To study regional average stress field, we need to choose a population of focal mechanism solutions of earthquakes in the massifs where there are significant tectonic struc- tures. According to the focal mechanism solutions of 256 moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in 13 seismic zones of Sichuan-Yunnan region, the quantitative analysis results of stress tensor in each seismic zone have been given. The algorithm of such method is simple and convenient, which makes the method for analyzing tectonic stress field with large amount of focal mechanism solution data become quantified.

The Focal Mechanism and Characteristic of Stress Field in the Zipingpu Area before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on seismic wave records of the Chengdu digital seismic network and Zipingpu reservoir digital seismic network from August 16,2004 to May 12,2008 when the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred,the parameters of focal mechanisms of 486 earthquakes with magnitude larger than M1.6 in the Zipingpu reservoir area were calculated using amplitude ratio method,meanwhile the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of mechanisms and stress field were analyzed based on these parameters.Results show a low ratio of thrust earthquakes and an increased number of strike-slip earthquakes in the reservoir water area in the period from 2006 to 2008.While in the areas far from the reservoir waterfront,the thrust earthquakes took up a high proportion and the strike-slip ones did not increase.The direction of mean principal compressive stress field was deflected and disturbed differently in each area before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake.

Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Inversion of Moderately Strong Earthquakes in the Northern Tianshan Area

Using the focal mechanism solutions of 24 moderately strong earthquakes in the northern Tianshan area,we carried out system cluster and stress field inversion analysis.The result indicates that,the focal mechanism solutions of moderately strong earthquakes are mainly dip-slip reverse faulting in the northern Tianshan area.The principal rupture planes of earthquakes are NW-oriented.It is basically consistent with the strike of earthquake structure in its adjacent area.The direction of the principal compression stress P axis is nearly NS,and its inclination angle is small;while the inclination angle of the principal extensional stress T axis is large.It shows that the regional stress field is mainly controlled by the near-NS horizontal compressive stress.The direction of the maximum principal stress shows a gradation process of NNE-NS-NW from east to west.

锦屏一级水电站库区中小地震震源机制解与局部应力场特征

利用四川及邻区数字地震台网2013—2018年的波形资料,基于CAP和HASH方法反演得到锦屏一级水电站(以下简称锦屏水库)库区及周边M_(L)≥2.5地震的震源机制解,根据DRSSI方法计算得到库区局部应力场信息,结合该区域的地质资料,从震源机制参数和局部应力场变化等方面讨论了水库加卸载对该区域地震活动的影响.取得的主要认识如下:(1)库区地震活动类型以走滑型为主,不同加卸载阶段震源机制类型存在一定差异,库区蓄水前期震源机制类型呈现多样性,蓄水后期与区域背景场趋于一致;(2)库区应力场最大主应力方向以NNW-SSE向为主,分时段结果显示,蓄水后期局部应力场最大主应力方向由NNW向逐渐发生偏转至NW向;(3)库区周边的地质构造和岩性条件有利于库水的渗透,蓄水后重力载荷和流体渗透的共同作用导致岩体断层面库仑应力的变化,从而呈现出库区蓄水前后中小地震活跃程度的显著差异特征.

盖州青石岭震群断层面参数的确定及构造应力场特征研究

根据之前学者的双差定位结果,使用Fit_Fault软件包计算盖州青石岭震群发震断层面走向为114.30°,倾角74.67°。收集2001年至2011年辽宁地区的震源机制解资料,采用全局网格搜索算法,反演该地区的构造应力场,其主压应力轴为NEE向,主张应力轴为NNW向,整体呈现拉张的应力状态。并据此确定出青石岭震群发震断层的滑动角是35.49°,为左旋走滑性质。模拟在辽宁地区构造应力体系下各种产状的断层面上可产生的相对剪应力和相对正应力分布情况,发现该震群发震断层面上的相对剪应力和相对正应力分别为0.513和0.576。分析认为盖州青石岭震群是一处地质薄弱带,背景构造应力场在其最近一期的活动中未起主导作用。

潍坊青州M_(L)4.1地震震源区发震构造分析

2022年5月2日7时53分山东潍坊青州发生M_(L)4.1地震,基于中国地震台网中心的地震观测报告和山东数字化台网的波形资料,采用双差定位法对潍坊青州地震序列进行重新精定位,利用P波初动方法对其中11个M_(L)2.0以上的地震求震源机制解。利用阻尼时空应力反演方法和MSATSI软件包反演震源区局部应力场特征。经过分析得到以下结论:青州地震序列往SN向展布、倾向N。主震震源机制显示为正断,其节面Ⅰ走向263°、倾角31°、滑动角-109°,节面Ⅱ走向106°、倾角61°、滑动角-78°,局部应力场最佳主压应力轴呈NWW-SEE向(-92.19°)低倾角(16.09°)挤压,最优主张应力轴呈SSE-NNW向(0.26°)近水平(8.45°)拉张。本文推断发震断层为走向EW的隐伏断裂。

希腊克里特MW6.0地震后的应力方向变化与强余震发生

地震的震源机制是地壳应力变化的指示器,而地壳应力变化与强震的发生直接相关。前人研究了地震震源机制变化在视应力较高的走滑型大震前的应力变化过程,而未见到震源机制变化对视应力较低的正断型大震发生的指示作用的研究。文章以2021年希腊克里特M W6.0正断型地震序列为例,通过计算地震序列震源机制解与区域应力场方向之间最小空间旋转角的变化,揭示应力变化与强震发生的关系。为保证震源机制解的准确性,采用多家机构确定的震源机制得到中心震源机制作为该地震的震源机制,而后采用该地震序列精确的震源机制求解当地应力场,最后计算地震震源机制与主震震源机制及与所估计的地壳应力场方向的空间旋转角随时间的变化,探索强震发生与应力场变化的关系。结果表明:在主震发生的短期内,余震震源机制与该区域应力场方向的空间旋转角较大,与其后小震级的弱地震活动对应;随后余震震源机制与应力场方向的空间旋转角减小,对应后面发生的3次M W>5.0的强余震,在此之后的长时间内余震震源机制和应力场方向的空间旋转角再次增大,对应的余震震级及频度皆明显下降。文章以2021年希腊克里特M W6.0地震序列为例,发现视应力较低的正断型地震前也存在应力方向集中现象,为探索地震应力前兆提供了范例。

基于震源机制分析中国东北地区现今构造动力学背景

通过收集1957—2022年以来日本东北至中国东北地区的不同深度的地震震源机制解,采用联合迭代应力反演的方法,计算俯冲带构造应力场及中国东北地区构造应力场状态。研究结果显示:日本海沟浅部区域不仅受到太平洋板块的俯冲挤压,也与北美板块的推挤作用有关;中国东北区域的深源地震与海沟俯冲带的长期作用存在密切的联系。长白山火山区的形成与俯冲带的逆冲存在巨大的联系,俯冲带的地震活动间接控制着东北亚火山区的形成与活动。辽宁营口地区主压应力轴分布于NEE-SWW方向,主张应力轴分布于NNW-SSE方向。结合火山区及周边浅源地震震源机制的结果,认为东北火山区现今构造应力场延续了东北区域应力的整体结构,主压应力轴呈NEE-SWW向,主张应力轴呈NNWSSE向。

环焦天线日照温度场数值分析

日照产生的温度载荷是影响天线性能的主要因素之一,获取天线的日照温度场特性对于天线结构研究与性能维护十分重要。针对现有温度场研究缺乏环焦天线案例问题,仿真计算了9:00~16:00时间段某12 m天线的日照温度场。分析了该天线部件之间的温差现象和主反射面与背架全天逐小时温度变化趋势。结果表明:天线部件间接收热量与热物性参数的差异会造成部件间温差较大;天线结构之间的互相遮挡会造成结构内部产生明显温度梯度;部件内部温差与温度分布均匀程度有关。

Contemporary tectonic stress field in China

The contemporary tectonic stress field in China is obtained on the basis of Chinese stress field database and Harvard CMT catalogue.Result of the inverted tectonic stresses shows that the maximum principal stress axis strikes nearly north-south direction in the west part of Tibet plateau,ENE direction in North China.In Central China,its strikes show a radiated pattern,i.e.,NNE in north part and NNW in south part.The detailed stress field parameters of nearly whole China are given and can be used in geodynamic stress field simulation and earthquake prediction.

Crustal stress field in Yunnan: implication for crust-mantle coupling

We applied the g CAP algorithm to determine239 focal mechanism solutions 3:0 M We 6:0T with records of dense Chin Array stations deployed in Yunnan,and then inverted 686 focal mechanisms(including 447 previous results) for the regional crustal stress field with a damped linear inversion. The results indicate dominantly strike-slip environment in Yunnan as both the maximum(r1) and minimum(r3) principal stress axes are sub-horizontal. We further calculated the horizontal stress orientations(i.e., maximum and minimum horizontal compressive stress axes: S H and S h, respectively) accordingly and found an abrupt change near *26°N. To the north, S H aligns NW-SE to nearly E-W while S h aligns nearly N-S. In contrast, to the south, both S H and S h rotate laterally and show dominantly fan-shaped patterns. The minimum horizontal stress(i.e., maximum strain axis) S h rotates from NW-SE to the west of Tengchong volcano gradually to nearly E-W in west Yunnan, and further toNE-SW in the South China block in the east. The crustal strain field is consistent with the upper mantle strain field indicated by shear-wave splitting observations in Yunnan but not in other regions. Therefore, the crust and upper mantle in Yunnan are coupled and suffering vertically coherent pure-shear deformation in the lithosphere.

Theoretical analysis and experimental research on thermal focal length of a YVO_4/Nd:YVO_4 composite crystal

This paper investigates the temperature field distribution and thermal focal length within a laser diode array (LDA) end-pumped YVO4/Nd:YVO4 rectangular composite crystal. A general expression of the temperature field distribution within the Nd:YVO4 rectangular crystal was obtained by analysing the characteristics of the Nd:YVO4 crystal and solving the Poisson equation with boundary conditions. The temperature field distributions in the Nd:YVO4 rectangular crystal for the YVO4/Nd:YVO4 composite crystal and the Nd:YVO4 single crystal are researched respec- tively. Calculating the thermal focal length within the Nd:YVO4 rectangular crystal was done by an analysis of the additional optical path differences (OPD) caused by heat, which was very identical with experimental results in this paper. Research results show that the maximum relative temperature on the rear face of the Nd:YVO4 crystal in the composite crystal is 150 K and the thermal focal length is 35.7 mm when the output power of the LDA is 22 W. In the same circumstances, the experimental value of the thermal focal length is 37.4 mm. So the relative error between the theoretical analysis and the experimental result is only 4.5%. With the same conditions, the thermal focal length of the Nd:YVO4 single crystal is 18.5 mm. So the relative rate of the thermal focal length between the YVO4/Nd:YVO4 crystal and the Nd:YVO4 crystal is 93%. So, the thermal stability of the output power and the beam quality of the YVO4/Nd:YVO4 laser is more advantageous than the laser with Nd:YVO4 single crystal.

Moment tensor inversion for focal mechanism of the Beibuwan earthquakes

Two earthquakes of Ms=6.0 and Ms=6. 1 consecutively occurred on December 31, 1994 and January 10, 1995 in Beibuwan region, China. By using the generalized reflection-transmission coefficient matrix and the discrete slowness integration method in the calculation of Green’s functions, we obtained the focal mechanisms of these earthquakes using long-period waveforms of regional body waves recorded by the China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) by means of moment tensor inversion method in frequency domain. The results inverted indicate that the focal mechanisms of these two earthquakes were similar to each other. Their principal compressional stresses are in NW-SE direction and principal tensional stresses are in NE-SW direction. It turns out that the occurrence of the two earthquakes was controlled by the same tectonic environment related to the collision of the Philippine Plate and the Eurasian Plates. On the other hand, the results imply that the stress field in the seismogenic region has a significant change after the Ms=6.0 earthquake. It may be proposed that the occurrence of the Ms=6. 1 earthquake could be related to the stress field adjustment caused by the Ms=6.0 earthquake.