Enhancing transboundary natural tourism resources governance:unveiling the spatial pattern and its influencing factors

Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensive database of transboundary natural tourism resources(TNTR)through amalgamation of diverse data sources.Utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi^(*),kernel density estimation,and geographical detectors,we scrutinize the spatial patterns of TNTR,focusing on both named and unnamed entities,while exploring the influencing factors.Our findings reveal 7883 identified TNTR in China,with mountain tourism resources emerging as the predominant type.Among provinces,Hunan boasts the highest count,while Shanghai exhibits the lowest.Southern China demonstrates a pronounced clustering trend in TNTR distribution,with the spatial arrangement of biological landscapes appearing more random compared to geological and water landscapes.Western China,characterized by intricate terrain,exhibits fewer TNTR,concurrently unveiling a significant presence of unnamed natural tourism resources.Crucially,administrative segmentation influences TNTR development,generating disparities in regional goals,developmental stages and intensities,and management approaches.In response to these variations,we advocate for strengthening the naming of the unnamed transboundary tourism resources,constructing a geographic database of TNTR for government and establishing a collaborative management mechanism based on TNTR database.Our research contributes to elucidating the intricate landscape of TNTR,offering insights for tailored governance strategies in the realm of cross-provincial tourism resource management.

Spatial Mismatch of Tourism Resources and Tourism Economy:A Case Study of Ice and Snow Tourism in Altay Region

The coordinated development of tourism resources and tourism economy is vital improve the quality and efficiency of regional tourism.Taking the ice and snow tourism in Altay region as an example,this study constructed an evaluation indicator system and used the methods of gravity center model,spatial mismatch index model and obstacle degree model to calculate the spatial mismatch index and influencing factors of ice and snow tourism resources and tourism economy in Altay region as a whole and in each county and city.It found in the study period:(i)the ice and snow tourism resources and tourism economy in Altay region was synchronous in the development of time sequence,while the spatial distribution pattern was characterized by regional imbalance;(ii)at the macro scale,the spatial mismatch degree of the ice-snow tourism resource center and the tourism economic center in Altay region was gradually reduced,but they were always separated from the spatial geometric center of Altay region;(iii)at the micro scale,the spatial mismatch index of counties and cities in Altay region was mainly negative mismatch,and the types of spatial mismatch changed in different degrees;(iv)the factors showed certain spatial differentiation characteristics in different counties of Altay region,and there were some differences in the obstacles of different mismatch level areas,and the economic basis was the most frequent obstacle in different mismatch level areas of Altay region.

Redevelopment Strategies of Tourism Landscape Resources in Ancient Villages of Southern Anhui Province

The ancient villages in southern Anhui Province are the cradle of Hsin-an Culture, where natural and cultural resources form the distinctive tourism resources. The paper elaborates the kinds of tourism landscape resources in ancient villages in southern Anhui, analyzes the existing problems during the current development process, suggests the principles of redevelopment and the reconstruction form of tourism products and finally attempts to discuss its future development models.

Transitional Road of Resources-exhausted Cities to Low-carbon Economy:Tourism Resources Development——A Case Study of Gejiu City

Tourism is of vital practical significance to low-carbon economic transition of resources-exhausted cities.By taking Gejiu City of Yunnan Province for example,the paper discussed that Gejiu City as the resources-exhausted city should positively develop tourism,particularly industrial heritage tourism,treating tourism development as the breakthrough and motive power of low-carbon economic transition of resources-exhausted cities,so as to walk out a unique road of tourism promoting low-carbon economic development.

Tourism Resources Assessment Based on AHP for the Development of Sightseeing Agriculture in Jiujiang City

Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was adopted to evaluate tourism resources for the development of sightseeing agriculture in Jiujiang City,and corresponding suggestions were put forward for its future development.

Reflection on the Exploitation of Rural Tourism Resources in Zhenjiang City

Rural tourism, i.e., agrotourism, is the newly-exploited tourism product[1] with agricultural production, rustic view, rural life and rural custom as the main carrier and with agriculture and countryside as the tourism resources. Zhenjiang City is in possession of adequate source markets, abundant rural tourism resources, good tourist ecological environment and profound culture. The pleasant ecological environment and charming rural scenery provide the development of rural tourism in Zhenjiang with exceptional advantages. The exploitation of rural tourism not only promotes the exploitation and development of agricultural tourism in Zhenjiang, but also improves the structure of tourism product, simulating the healthy development of rural economy. Through the analysis of the exploitation advantage of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang, the author analyzed the exploitation situation and existing problems of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang. The author considered that the rural tourism development in Zhenjiang was lack of unified planning; the cultural content of tourism product was low; the development depth was not enough; the construction of infrastructure was lagging behind; and meanwhile, it was lacking of funding, tourism program and advertising promotion. In the light of the above deficiencies, a series of countermeasures of rural tourism exploitation was put forward, that is, to complete the exploitation planning of the rural tourism resources, promoting the cultural taste of the rural tourism product; to enhance the publicity of the rural tourism, highlighting the brand feature of local tourism and creating high-quality product; to conduct standard management, strengthening the training of tourism management personnel.

On Exploration and Evaluation of Forest Ecotourism Resources in Shangsi County of Guangxi,China

Forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County were investigated,explored and screened for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of resource units,physiographic landscape resources and forest eco-resources of the local area elaborated,characteristics of its forest ecotourism resources summarized as "having an excellent location,great development potential and high development value".Basic laws of forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County were obtained through resource investigation,exploration and analysis,development and utilization of forest ecotourism resources further studied,and suggestions proposed to facilitate the sustainable development of forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County.

Investigation and Development of Rural Tourism Resources in Xi'an City

Rural tourism resources in Xi'an City were comprehensively studied with national standard and classification standard based on characteristics of rural tourism.Through investigation and statistical method,rural tourism resources in Xi'an City were analyzed,based on which further development of those resources was studied.Finally,with Xi'an modern theme park and Yanxiang folk-culture village as typical cases,their tourism developments were analyzed from meso-scale perspective.

Types and Spatial Distribution of Geo-tourism Resources in Jilin Province of China

Natural geological conditions and geo-tourism resources in Jilin Province were introduced,and distribution features of the local major tourist resources(vegetation-covered eastern region,grass swamp on western plain) were studied.Jingyu Volcanic Mineral Spring Geo-park,Changbai Mountain Geo-park and Qian'an Mud Forest Geo-park were studied as typical geo-tourism resources,so as to provide basic data for the systematic development and construction of geo-tourism resources in Jilin Province.

Analysis of Resource Endowments and Characteristics of Rural Tourism in Wuyuan County

Endowments of rural tourist resources in Wuyuan County were analyzed from the perspective of natural and cultural tourist resources,picturesque natural ecoenvironment and profound cultural background of the local area were highlighted,and characteristics of its tourist resources were summarized as diversified and high-quality.Moreover,it was proposed that spatial distribution of its tourist resources was not even,and this study suggested promoting local tourist economy by fully utilizing its advantaged conditions for rural tourism development.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Tourism Resources of Tiangui Mountain in Yinhe Karst Caverns of Hebei Province

The tourism resource characteristics of Yinhe karst cave in Tiangui mountain were discussed and the formation term and mechanism of every outstanding sight in the cave were discussed.In the process of empoldering the tourism resource in Tiangui Mountain,the humanities and geoscience tourist resources should be conformed and the variety of travel models were established,such as the sightseeing travel,special features travel,scientific knowledge travel,and so on.

Study on the Development of Earthquake Tourism Resources in Sichuan Province

The concept of earthquake tourism resources was defined.With the view of disaster economics,the theory of to tourism plan and the systematic methods,the earthquake tourism resources produced by '5.12' Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed.The developmental principles and general ideas of the earthquake tourism resources were put forward.The framing proposals were provided on complementation,coordination and integration about the development of the earthquake tourism products in the whole fault zone of Longmen Mountain.

Assessment and Analysis of the Tourism Development Value of Folk House Resources in Three Gorges Area

This study aimed to introduce the characteristics and value of folk house resources in Three Gorges area,analyze the influence and opportunities for the development of folk house resources in this area brought by the Three Gorge Project,and put forward the ideas and countermeasures for tourism development of folk house resources in Three Gorges area.

Types and Evaluation of Natural Tourism Resources in Liangshan Prefecture

According to the analysis of current situation of natural tourism resources, it showed that Liangshan prefecture owned 4 categories of natural tourism resources, including lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, except cosmic tourism resource. All of these tourism resources can be divided into 10 types, 24 kinds of tourism landscapes, and all about 115 natural tourism attractions. The lithosphere tourism resources were rare and magical, which provided the value of sightseeing and scientific expedition. The water landscape tourism resources were attractive, combining with leisure and experience value. The biological tourism resources developed the ecological education and agricultural eco-tourism functions. The unique climate tourism resources supplied the leisure and vocation function for tourism.

Tourism resource assessment and spatial analysis of wine tourism development： a case study of the eastern foothills of China＇s Helan Mountains

The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with its excellent terroir, is emerging as one of China's three major geographical attractions. Based on surveys of tourism resources and spatial analysis for this wine producing region, we propose a highly representative and practicable path for wine tourism development. Based on China's national standard in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources(GB/T 18972-2003), which recommended the types and grades of tourism resources in one area, we conduct an analysis of resource characteristics and the current state of development. Using Arc GIS software, spatialautocorrelation analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis, as well as clustering and outlier analysis, we are able to derive the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources. Our survey showed that tourism resources in this area are relatively abundant and have good quality and clear combination advantages. Nonetheless, there are resources shortage for wine tourism and poor integration of wine production with the tourism industry. Regarding the spatial distribution of resources, we revealed the current states of and issues surrounding regions with concentrated resources, as well as characteristics of this clustering. Finally, we proposed a development path for wine tourism in this region based on the five dimensions of management mode, industrial path, product development, spatial optimization, and market development.

Karst Cave Tourism System in Zhejiang Province Based on Resource Regional Analysis

Karst cave tourism plays an important role in the overall tourism of Zhejiang Province, China. In analyzing the current status of karst cave tourism resources, it is crucial to develop a scientific system for optimizing resource exploitation and tourism development in the future. This study conducted an analysis of resource characteristics and regional structure in Zhejiang Province. Nearest neighbor index （NNI） method and accessibility index method were used for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of scale, strength, combination, and accessibility of karst cave tourism resources. Results indicated that karst cave tourism resources in Zhejiang Province have a significant regional influence, and that resource quality and exploitation are diverse in different regions. Among the regions, Jinhua had the highest exploitation proportion of over 60% and the lowest NNI value of 0.098. Furthermore, regional analysis inferred that different karst caves demonstrate diversity in accessibility to tourism markets, among which the Lingshan Cave, Fengshui Cave, and Xianqiao Cave reveal the highest accessibility index of 2.41. Finally, we put forward a karst cave tourism system in Zhejiang Province based on the Growth Pole Theory and set up an overall scheme for karst cave tourism development. From a regional perspective analysis, the study refined the methods for regional resource re- search and provided a strategic proposal for karst cave tourism in Zheiiang Province.

The Exploitation of the Tourism Resource of Dabeishan National Forest Park in Guangdong Province

On the basis of analyzing the present utilization of the tourism resources in Dabeishan National Forest Park,the author proposed the principle of developmental utilization of tourism resources after revealing the problems in the exploitation of tourism resources,including the neglect of ecotourism idea,the ineffective utilization of the resources and the mal-connection of the tourism industry chain.

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.

QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF TOURISM RESOURCES IN GUANGXI

Since the 1970s foreign and Chinese scholars have researched into quantitative evaluation of tourism resources by mathematical method early or late and made great progress. Guangxi is in the south of China and rich in tourism resources with picturesque scenery. In this paper, Guangxi's tourism resources are quantitatively evaluated by method of analytic hierarchy process. Firstly a modular tree of quantitative evaluation for tourism resources of Guangxi is set up and weighted values of evaluative factors are defined by method of consulting experts. On the basis of a great amount of data from investigation, synthetic evaluation indexes and their order of tourism resources of 22 cities and counties in Guangxi are calculated. Then, the tourism resources of Grangxi are divided into 6 regions and their development orientations are described by a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The study would be helpful to the exploitation of tourism resource of Guangxi.

Analysis of the Spatial Structure of Tourism Resources in Ji'an City

This paper analyzed characteristics of tourism resources in Ji'an City,and carried out quantitative analysis of local tourism resources based on agglomeration effect of resources,connectivity analysis,and accessibility analysis. The results showed that the city has poor loop of tourism network,major scenic areas(spots) have moderate network accessibility,in view of this,suggestions for the optimum development of local tourism industry were proposed.