Association between Two Polymorphisms of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene and Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Meta-analysis

Objective To investigate the association between two polymorphisms of follicle stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） gene and polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） susceptibility. Methods Case-control studies on relationship of Thr307Ala and Asn680Ser polymorphisms in FSHR gene and PCOS susceptibility were searched from PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） databases up to March 21, 2013. The pooled odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO were calculated using fixed- or random-effect model based on heterogeneity test in 5 genotype models analyses. Results A total of 11 studies were included in the Meta-analysis. The random-effect analysis showed Asn680Ser was significantly associated with the reduced susceptibility to PCOS with dominant model （Asn/Asn＋Asn/Ser vs. Ser/Ser, OR=0.83, 95% CI： 0.69-1.00）, recessive model （Asn/Asn vs. Asn/Ser＋ Ser/Ser, OR=0.84, 95% CI： 0.72-0.98）, homozygote comparison （Ash/Ash vs. Ser/Ser, 0R=0.79, 95% CI： 0.63-0.98）, and the allele contrast （Asn vs. Ser, OR=0.87, 95% CI： 0.79-0.97） respectively（P=0.02, I2=56.0%）, being protective factors for PCOS. However, no significant associations were found between Thr307Ala and PCOS. Conclusion There might be a significant association between Asn680Ser polymorphism and PCOS.

Fluoride Exposure,Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian Axis Hormones in Chinese Women

The effects of fluoride exposure on thefunctions of reproductive and endocrine systemshave attracted widespread attention in academiccircle nowadays. However, it is unclear whether thegene-environment interaction may modify thesecretion and activity of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian （HPO） axis hormones. Thus, the aim of thisstudy was to explore the influence of fluorideexposure and follicle stimulating hormone receptor（FSHR） gene polymorphism on reproductivehormones in Chinese women. A cross sectionalstudy was conducted in seven villages of HenanProvince, China during 2010-2011. A total of 679women aged 18-48 years were recruited throughcluster sampling and divided into three groups, i.e.endemic fluorosis group （EFG）, defluoridationproject group （DFPG）, and control group （CG） basedon the local fluoride concentration in drinkingwater. The serum levels of gonadotropin releasinghormone （GnRH）, follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, and estradiol （E2）were determined respectively and the FSHRpolymorphism was detected by real time PCR assay.The results provided the preliminary evidenceindicating the gene-environment interaction onHPO axishormones in women.

Polymorphism of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene in Ningxia Tan Sheep

[ Objective] To study the polymorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） gene in Ningxia Tan sheep and thus to provide a theoretical basis for breeding. I Methodl Genotypes of 111 healthy Ningxia Tan sheep were examined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. [ResultS] A 306-bp fragment was amplified. The PCR products digested with restriction enzyme Alu I showed polymorphism with three genotypes, L e., GG, CG and CC. The genotypic frequencies of GG, CG and CC were 0.135 1 （ 15 individuals）, 0.666 7 （74 individuals） and 0.198 2 （22 individuals）, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and C were 0.468 5 and 0.531 5, respectively.[ Conclusion] FSHR aene is Dolvmomhic in Ninaxia Tan Sheeo.

The preparation and application of N-terminal 57 amino acid protein of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a candidate male contraceptive vaccine

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, which is expressed only on Sertoli cells and plays a key role in spermatogenesis, has been paid attention for its potential in male contraception vaccine research and development. This study introduces a method for the preparation and purification of human FSHR 57-amino acid protein （FSHR-57aa） as well as determination of its immunogenicity and antifertility effect. A recombinant pET-28a（＋）-FSHR-57aa plasmid was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coil strain BL21 StarTM （DE3） and the FSHR-57aa protein was separated and collected by cutting the gel and recovering activity by efficient refolding dialysis. The protein was identified by Western blot and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a band of nearly 7 kDa and a purity of 97.4%. Male monkeys were immunized with rhFSHR-57aa protein and a gradual rising of specific serum IgG antibody was found which reached a plateau on day 112 （16 weeks） after the first immunization. After mating of one male with three female monkeys, the pregnancy rate of those mated with males immunized against FSHR-57aa was significantly decreased while the serum hormone levels of testosterone and estradiol were not disturbed in the control or the FSHR-57aa groups. By evaluating pathological changes in testicular histology, we found that the blood-testis barrier remained intact, in spite of some small damage to Sertoli cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the rhFSHR-57aa protein might be a feasible male contraceptive which could affect sperm production without disturbing hormone levels.

Cloning and Transcriptional Activity of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Promoter in the Jintang Black Goat

[ Objective] To clone follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） promoter in the Jintang black goat, study its transcriptional activity, and provide a basis for alternative splicing of FSHR gene. [Method] The total DNA were extracted from the womb of Jintang black goat, and one pair of primers were designed for amplification of FSHR promoter fragments, then the sequences and homology were analyzed. The FSHR promoter fragment was inserted into the pcFSHRB1 expression vector to substitute the CMV promoter and construct the pcFSHRB2 expression vector. The pcFSHRB1 and pcFSHRB2 expression vectors were transformed into HEK293 cells, respectively. Then these cells were collected after 24 and 48 h treatment with 2 mlU/ml follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, and the cAMP levels were detected. [Result] The FSHR promoter sequence of Jin- tang black goat had 34.2% homology to that of chicken and 41.6% to that of rat, respectively. The transcription initial site of FSHR was at -576 bp and its upstream sequences contained two TATA-boxes, four CAAT-boxes, one E-box and one Wl-box. After treating for 24 and 48 h, the cAMP levels of pcFSHRB2 were respectively 299.581 3 and 125.528 1 pmol/L; and that of pcFSHRB1 were respectively 120.057 1 and 109.940 7 pmoVL. [Conclusion] The FSHR promoter of Jintang black goat is a typical type 2 eukaryotic promoter, and it is also a strong promoter.

Quantification of Porcine Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by Reverse Transcription competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction

An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.

Effects of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide to Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor on the Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cells Derived from Human Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma in Vitro

The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations for the purpose of observing the effects of antisense ODN to FSH receptor （FSHR） on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hOMC cells in vitro. The inhibitory rates of growth were measured by using MTT method on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after the interference of antisense ODN, nonsense ODN, and FSH, respectively. The apoptotic rates and the cell cycles were determined by means of flow cytometry, the apoptosis indexes were detected by using TUNEL, and the expression of caspase-3 was measured by using SP immunohistochemistry. Compared with that in the control group, the proliferative activity of hOMC cells was increased obviously in FSH groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, decreased distinctly in antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and unchanged in nonsense ODN groups, respectively. Meanwhile, antisense ODN could significantly antagonize the FSH-promoted cell proliferative activity （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptotic rates and the expression of caspase-3 were dramatically increased in the mid- and high-dose antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, while the number of cells in G1/G0 phase was significantly decreased and that in S phase distinctly increased （P〈0.01）, There was no change in nonsense ODN groups （P〉0.05）, It was suggested that FSH may improve the development of hOMC cells, However, antisense ODN could inhibit proliferative activity and the FSH-promoted proliferative activity in hOMC cells, at the same time, antisense ODN could inhibit hOMC cell growth by inducing apoptosis.

Cloning and Expression Level Analysis of Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Receptor 1 Gene(MC1R) in Alpacas with Different Coat Color

Specific primers for the MC1R gene of alpacas(GenBank EU1358800) were designed to amplify the cDNA sequence using RT-PCR to seek variation in the sequence and explore the relationship between the expression level of MC1R gene and alpaca coat color.The MC1R gene from white alpaca was cloned successfully and sequence analysis verified that the MC1R gene,encoding 317 amino acids,was 1081 bp in length.Compared with the existing sequence in GenBank,sequence identity was 99.9%and 7 mutations were found.Primers,designed from the sequence obtained,were used to assess the relative expression of MC1R in alpacas of different coat color using QRT-PCR and SPSS 13.0 software.Relative expression of MC1R in the skin of brown alpacas was 4.32 times higher than that in white alpacas after normalization with GAPDH(P【0.01),indicating that MC1R expression may be related to coat color of alpacas.

The Determination and Evaluation of the Biological Activities for the Commercialization of Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Vitro

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a central role in mammals reproduction, with the actions of FSH mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRs) on the surface of target cells. The purposes of this study were to determine and evaluate the biological activities for the commercialization of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) in vitro through the cellular internalization using cloned 293T-FSHR cell lines as target. Using imaging approaches we have found here that a little fluorescent signal from the surface of the cell transferred to the cytoplasm and accumulated around the nucleus by endocytosis. Compared with the control groups, the commercialization of rFSH have not the significant differences of internalization, but the rFSH have promoted the internalization of the fluorescent, suggested that this detection system might as a protocol for the bioactivity of recombinant therapeutic proteins in vitro.

Association of Thr307Ala and Asn680Ser of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Gonadotropin Administration during Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation

Objective:This study is to investigate the effect of different single-nucleotide polymorphisms of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor(FSHR)gene on gonadotropin(Gn)administration dosage during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH)protocol of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.Methods:This retrospective study included 184 Chinese infertile women in Center for Reproduction and Genetics of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from June 2012 to 2014.All of the enrolled patients were homogeneous in some basal characteristics,and they all met the eligibility criteria.Blood tests were conducted on day 3 of menstrual cycle or the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration for hormonal profile analysis and DNA extraction.DNA sequencing was performed for polymorphism analysis.The participants were classified into threonine(Thr)/Thr,Thr/alanine(Ala),and Ala/Ala groups according to genotype at position 307,and asparagine/asparagine(Asn/Asn),Asn/serine(Ser),and Ser/Ser groups according to genotype at position 680.Logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify the effect of these two polymorphisms on Gn consumption.Results:The frequency of Thr307Ala and Asn680Ser distribution was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in age,basal hormone levels for different genotype groups.Logistic regression analysis results revealed that patients with Ser680Ser genotype have a higher risk of requiring a high dose of Gn compared with patients with Asn680Asn genotype,while polymorphism of Thr307 Ala has no such effect.Conclusion:This study suggested that FSHR genotype Asn680Ser would be helpful in determining the dosage of Gn in COH;patients with Ser680Ser genotype may require higher dose of Gn.

High expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor in testicular tissue of idiopathic azoospermic patients with severe spermatogenic defects

Background Follicle stimulating hormone is necessary for normal reproduction in men.The biochemical actions of follicle stimulating hormone result from binding to the follicle stimulating hormone receptor in the plasma membrane of Sertoli cells.Here,we investigated the expression of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor in different testicular histological phenotypes of patients with idiopathic azoospermia.Methods Fifty-seven cases of idiopathic azoospermia were classified into three groups according to the results of testicular biopsy：patients with hypospermatogenesis,patients with maturation arrest,and patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome.Thirteen azoospermic patients identified by testicular biopsy as being capable of completing spermatogenesis acted as the control group.Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed in each case,and the serum hormone level was also measured in all patients.Results The serum follicle stimulating hormone level in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome was significantly higher than in patients with hypospermatogenesis,maturation arrest,and complete spermatogenesis （P＜0.01）.The serum follicle stimulating hormone level in patients with maturation arrest was significantly higher than in patients with hypospermatogenesis and complete spermatogenesis （P＜0.05）.There was no difference in serum follicle stimulating hormone levels in patients with hypospermatogenesis and complete spermatogenesis.The follicle stimulating hormone receptor expression level of testicular samples with Sertoli cell-only syndrome was significantly higher than in those with hypospermatogenesis,maturation arrest,and complete spermatogenesis （P＜0.05）,but no significant difference was observed among hypospermatogenesis,maturation arrest,and complete spermatogenesis testicular samples.Conclusions Different serum follicle stimulating hormone levels and follicle stimulating hormone receptor expression were found in the different testicular histology phenotypes in azoospermic patients.Differential follicle stimulating hormone receptor expression in testicular tissue of patients with idiopathic azoospermia may be associated with the degree of spermatogenesis.

卵泡刺激素对原癌基因c-myc在鸡卵泡上表达的影响

[目的]本试验旨在研究c-myc基因在鸡卵泡上的表达及卵泡刺激素(FSH)对其的诱导作用,为明确c-myc在鸡卵泡发育过程中的相关机制提供理论基础。[方法]体外分离鸡小白卵泡(SWF)、大白卵泡(LWF)、小黄卵泡(SYF)、F4和F1卵泡颗粒层和膜层,检测c-myc mRNA和蛋白的表达;应用50 ng·mL^(-1)FSH处理小黄卵泡36 h,测量卵泡颗粒层的厚度和密度,检测颗粒层和膜层c-myc、标记基因和周期相关基因的表达;体外分离、培养小黄卵泡颗粒细胞,预培养16 h,用siRNA干扰c-myc 24 h后,加入50 ng·mL^(-1)FSH处理24 h,检测c-myc mRNA的表达。[结果]c-myc mRNA在等级前卵泡的颗粒层和膜层的表达水平都显著高于排卵前卵泡,卵泡的颗粒层和膜层上都有c-Myc蛋白表达。与对照组相比,FSH处理后,小黄卵泡颗粒层厚度增加约25.5%(P<0.05),密度增加约27.8%(P<0.01)。在小黄卵泡颗粒层上,FSH降低了c-myc和类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(star)mRNA的表达水平(P<0.05),提高了细胞增殖抗原(pcna)和周期蛋白D2(ccnd2)mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01);在卵泡膜层上,FSH提高了c-myc和pcna mRNA的表达水平(P<0.05),极显著提高了ccnd2和star mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01)。FSH能提高c-myc敲减后颗粒细胞c-myc mRNA的表达水平(P<0.05)。[结论]FSH能诱导c-myc在鸡颗粒细胞中的表达,推测c-myc与体外培养的鸡小黄卵泡颗粒细胞的终端分化有关。

Predictors for partial suppression of spermatogenesis of hormonal male contraception

Aim： To analyze factors influencing the efficacy of hormonal suppression of spermatogenesis for male contraception. Methods： A nested case-control study was conducted, involving 43 subjects, who did not achieve azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia when given monthly injections of 500 mg testosterone undecanoate （TU）, defined as partial suppressors compared with 855 subjects who had suppressed spermatogenesis （complete suppressors）. Sperm density, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） concentrations at the baseline and the suppression phase were compared between partial and complete suppressors. Polymorphisms of androgen receptor （AR） and three single nucleotide variants and their haplotypes of FSH receptor （FSHR） genes determined by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and DNA sequencing technique were compared between 29 partial and 34 complete suppressors. Results： Baseline serum LH level was higher and serum LH as well as FSH level during the suppression phase was less suppressed in partial suppressors. Additionally, in a logistic regression analysis larger testis volume, higher serum FSH concentrations alone, or interaction of serum LH, FSH, testosterone and sperm concentrations were associated with degree of suppression. The distribution of polymorphisms of AR or FSH receptor genes did not differ between partial and complete suppressors. In cases with incomplete FSH suppression （FSH 〉 0.2 IU/L）, the chances of reaching azoospermia were 1.5 times higher in the subjects with more than 22 CAG triplet repeats. Conclusion： Partial suppression of spermatogenesis induced by 500 mg TU monthly injections is weakly influenced by hormonal and clinical features but not polymorphism in AR and FSHR genes.

丹参多酚酸对免疫性不孕大鼠的治疗作用及对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的影响

目的探讨丹参多酚酸对免疫性不孕大鼠的治疗作用及对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(HPOA)的影响。方法取50只未孕雌性SD大鼠,采用人精液注射免疫的方法建立抗精子抗体阳性的免疫性不孕大鼠模型,将建模成功大鼠采用随机数字表法分为模型组(9只)、强的松组(10只)和丹参多酚酸低剂量组(9只)、中剂量组(10只)、高剂量组(10只),另取10只未孕雌性大鼠为正常对照组。强的松组经腹腔注射给予5 mg/kg强的松,丹参多酚酸低、中、高剂量组分别经腹腔注射给予10、20、40 mg/kg丹参多酚酸,正常对照组和模型组均给予等量生理盐水,每日1次,共14 d。各组雌性大鼠与正常雄性大鼠按3∶1数量比合笼2周,统计各组大鼠受孕率;放射免疫法测定血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)以及雌二醇(E2)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠卵巢组织病理改变情况;实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qPCR)和蛋白质免疫印迹法检测大鼠卵巢卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)、黄体生成素受体(LHR)、雌激素受体α(ERα)mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠受孕率,血清GnRH、FSH、LH、E2含量降低(P<0.05),卵巢内黄体和成熟卵泡明显减少,颗粒细胞层数减少,囊状卵泡较多,FSHR、LHR、ERαmRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,强的松组和丹参多酚酸中、高剂量组大鼠受孕率,血清GnRH、FSH、LH、E2含量升高(P<0.05),囊状卵泡数目减少,颗粒细胞层数增多,有成熟卵泡和黄体生成,FSHR、LHR、ERαmRNA及蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论丹参多酚酸可通过调控HPOA促进卵泡成熟治疗免疫性不孕。

Analysis of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene mutation in children with hyperthyroidism

Objective To explore the characterization of thyroidstimulating hormone receptor ( TSHR) gene mutationalspectrum in children with hyperthyroidism from Guangzhou.Methods Ninety children were diagnosed with hyperthyroidismfrom July 2009 to July 2014 in our institute.Their median age at diagnosis was ( 7. 5 ± 3. 4 )years,and there were 28 males and 62 females. Mutationalanalysis were performed by performing polymerasechain reaction(PCR) and DNA direct sequencing of exon10 of TSHR gene. TSHR gene mutations from 50 unrelatedhealthy children were served as controls. The correlationbetween TSHR gene and hyperthyroidism in childrenwas explored. Results A total of 3 mutations were identifiedin ninety children who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism,one synonymous mutations(p. V614V),andtwo missense mutations ( p. R707W and p. D727E).

关元命门序贯针刺激活FSHR/cAMP/PKA通路促进早发性卵巢功能不全模型大鼠颗粒细胞增殖的机制研究

【目的】观察关元命门序贯针刺方案对早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)模型大鼠的治疗作用及机制。【方法】将雌性SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组、蛋白激酶A(PKA)抑制剂(H89)+针刺组、针刺组各12只。除空白组,其他3组大鼠采用雷公藤多苷片灌胃制备POI模型。模型成功建立后,空白组和模型组每日捆绑一次;针刺组大鼠在动情间期取关元穴针刺,在动情前期取命门穴针刺;H89+针刺组按照针刺组针刺方案干预,在每次针刺前30 min内腹腔注射H89。连续干预20 d。各组大鼠分别在干预后第1个动情间期和动情前期取材。酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测动情间期促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平,Western Blot法检测动情间期促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)、芳香化酶P450(P450arom)蛋白表达,细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)法检测动情间期和动情前期颗粒细胞活性,免疫组织化学法检测动情前期增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白表达水平。【结果】(1)与空白组比较,模型组和H89+针刺组血清FSH水平显著升高(P<0.01),E2水平显著降低(P<0.001);H89+针刺组FSH水平与模型组无差异(P>0.05),E2水平低于模型组(P<0.05);针刺组FSH水平低于模型组和H89+针刺组(P<0.05),与空白组无差异(P>0.05),E2水平显著高于模型组和H89+针刺组(P<0.01),仍低于空白组(P<0.05)。(2)模型组和H89+针刺组FSHR、P450arom蛋白表达均低于空白组(P<0.01);H89+针刺组FSHR蛋白表达水平与模型组无差异(P>0.05),P450arom蛋白表达水平低于模型组(P<0.05);针刺组FSHR、P450arom蛋白表达水平均高于模型组和H89+针刺组(P<0.05),但仍低于空白组(P<0.05)。(3)模型组和H89+针刺组GCs活性和PCNA平均光密度值均低于空白组(P<0.05);H89+针刺组GCs活性和PCNA平均光密度值均低于模型组(P<0.05);针刺组的GCs活性和PCNA平均光密度值显著高于模型组和H89+针刺组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】关元命门序贯针刺方案可通过上调促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)/环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)通路FSHR、P450arom蛋白的表达,调控性激素水平,提高GCs活性和促进GCs细胞增殖,从而改善POI。

FSHR基因多态性、BMI及性激素与多囊卵巢综合征发病风险的相关性分析

目的探讨体重指数(BMI)、性激素及卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)基因rs2268361和rs2349415位点的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病风险的相关性。方法收集2021年3-8月山西医科大学第一医院生殖医学科门诊就诊的213例PCOS患者(PCOS组)与207名健康对照者(对照组)的外周血,随机收集PCOS组与对照组各32例卵泡液。计算PCOS组与对照组的BMI;采用免疫化学发光法检测两组外周血卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_(2))、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)和泌乳素(PRL)水平;采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和高分辨熔解曲线(HRM)分析两组FSHR基因rs2268361和rs2349415位点多态性;采用实时定量PCR检测两组外周血及卵巢颗粒细胞FSHR mRNA表达水平。结果LH与LH/FSH呈明显正相关(r=0.88,P<0.05);PCOS组BMI、E2、LH、LH/FSH、T水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),FSH水平明显低于对照组(P<0.001);HRM分析显示,PCOS组rs2349415位点CC、CT、TT基因型频率分别为55.9%、34.3%和9.8%,对照组分别为68.6%、23.2%和8.2%,PCOS组C、T等位基因频率分别为73.0%、27.0%,对照组分别为80.2%、19.8%,两组基因型频率及等位基因频率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);PCOS组卵巢颗粒细胞中FSHR mRNA表达水平明显高于对照组(P=0.004),其中rs2349415 TT基因型FSHR mRNA表达水平高于CC(P=0.002)和CT基因型(P=0.035)。结论高水平的BMI、LH、E2及rs2349415位点T等位基因可增加PCOS的发病风险。

FSHβ基因PCR-SSCP多态性及其与济宁青山羊高繁殖力关系的研究

采用PCR-SSCP技术检测促卵泡素β亚基(follicle-stimulatinghormoneβ,FSHβ)基因5′调控区、外显子1和外显子2在高繁殖力山羊品种(济宁青山羊)和低繁殖力山羊品种(辽宁绒山羊、波尔山羊、安哥拉山羊)中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响。结果表明:山羊与绵羊的FSH基因该段核苷酸序列同源性为98%。9对引物中,只有P9的扩增片段存在多态性。P9的扩增片段在济宁青山羊和辽宁绒山羊中检测到AA、AB和AC3种基因型;在波尔山羊中检测到AA、CC和AC3种基因型;在安哥拉山羊中检测到AA、BB、CC、AB、AC和BC共6种基因型。测序分析发现BB型与AA型相比在外显子2的第94bp处有G→A突变,并引起氨基酸改变(丙氨酸→苏氨酸);CC型与AA型相比在外显子2的第174bp有一处C→T沉默突变。济宁青山羊AA、AB和AC基因型频率分别为0.686、0.137和0.177。AA基因型济宁青山羊产羔数最小二乘均值比AB基因型的多0.78只(P<0.05),比AC基因型的多0.64只(P<0.05)。

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯对大鼠睾丸和卵巢组织激素相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）对大鼠睾丸和卵巢组织激素相关蛋白表达水平的影响。方法：将80只5周龄SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组（玉米油）、DEHP低剂量组（100 mg/kg）、DEHP中剂量组（500 mg/kg）、DEHP高剂量组（1 500mg/kg）,每组雌雄各10只,每周染毒5 d,每天灌胃染毒1次,连续6周。末次染毒24 h后处死动物,提取睾丸或卵巢组织蛋白,应用Western blot分别检测睾丸组织中3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（3β-HSD）、促性腺激素释放激素受体（Gn RHR）、卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）及卵巢组织中黄体生成素受体（LHR）和Gn RHR的蛋白表达水平。结果：与对照组比较,雄鼠睾丸组织在DEHP 500和1 500 mg/kg剂量时3β-HSD蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P均〈0.01）;Gn RHR蛋白表达水平在1 500 mg/kg剂量组显著下降（P均〈0.01）;FSHR蛋白表达水平在500和1 500 mg/kg组显著下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。雌鼠卵巢组织在DEHP 100 mg/kg剂量组时LHR和Gn RHR蛋白表达水平与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,在DEHP 500和1 500 mg/kg剂量组LHR表达水平比对照组下降25%~35%,Gn RHR下降60%~80%（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：DEHP染毒可引起大鼠睾丸和卵巢组织激素相关蛋白表达水平的改变,干扰大鼠体内性激素的代谢,推测此作用与DEHP的生殖毒性存在密切关系。

GnRH-A主动免疫公兔对垂体GnRHR、FSH-β和LH-β基因表达的影响

目的探讨GnRH-A激动剂(阿拉瑞林)主动免疫对公兔的去势效果和垂体GnRHR、FSH-β和LH-βmRNA表达的影响。方法 30只日本大耳白兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus)随机分为三组(n=10),在实验1组(EG-Ⅰ)和实验2组(EG-Ⅱ)颈部皮下注射1.0mL(100μg/mL)阿拉瑞林抗原乳剂EG-Ⅱ于20d以相同剂量重复注射1次,用荧光定量PCR分析垂体中GnRHR、FSH-β和LH-β mRNA的表达,并测定GnRHR的核苷酸序列。结果 EG-Ⅰ和EG-ⅡGnRH抗体水平高于对照组(P<0.05),EG-Ⅱ在49d达到峰值,显著高于EG-Ⅰ(P<0.05)和对照组(P<0.01),而后开始逐渐下降。28d以后,EG-Ⅱ和EG-Ⅰ血清睾酮浓度低于对照组(P<0.05),且EG-Ⅱ低于EG-Ⅰ(P<0.01);公兔GnRHR的核苷酸为1179bp,同源性达96%。结论阿拉瑞林免疫可以明显提高血清GnRH抗体水平,降低垂体GnRHR、FSH-β和LH-β基因表达,减少睾酮的合成与分泌,从而导致性器官发育受阻,具有明显的作用,加强免疫效果更佳。