Follicle-stimulating Hormone(FSH) Induced Internalization of Porcine FSH Receptor in Cultured Porcine Granulosa Cells and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Transfected with Recombinant Porcine FSH Receptor cDNA

In order to study the fate of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when hormone binds to its receptor, a quick biochemical method that can differentiate between the surface-bound and internalized hormone was used to determine the internalization induced by FSH in cultured both porcine granulosa cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing recombinant porcine FSH receptor. The results showed that FSH was slowly internalized, and the internalized radioactivity (acid resistant) reached a peak 10-12 h after addition of 125 I-hFSH. It was suggested that FSHR do not get internalized rapidly under physiological circumstances precisely because the appropriate sequences are absent.

The preparation and application of N-terminal 57 amino acid protein of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a candidate male contraceptive vaccine

Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）, which is expressed only on Sertoli cells and plays a key role in spermatogenesis, has been paid attention for its potential in male contraception vaccine research and development. This study introduces a method for the preparation and purification of human FSHR 57-amino acid protein （FSHR-57aa） as well as determination of its immunogenicity and antifertility effect. A recombinant pET-28a（＋）-FSHR-57aa plasmid was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coil strain BL21 StarTM （DE3） and the FSHR-57aa protein was separated and collected by cutting the gel and recovering activity by efficient refolding dialysis. The protein was identified by Western blot and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a band of nearly 7 kDa and a purity of 97.4%. Male monkeys were immunized with rhFSHR-57aa protein and a gradual rising of specific serum IgG antibody was found which reached a plateau on day 112 （16 weeks） after the first immunization. After mating of one male with three female monkeys, the pregnancy rate of those mated with males immunized against FSHR-57aa was significantly decreased while the serum hormone levels of testosterone and estradiol were not disturbed in the control or the FSHR-57aa groups. By evaluating pathological changes in testicular histology, we found that the blood-testis barrier remained intact, in spite of some small damage to Sertoli cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the rhFSHR-57aa protein might be a feasible male contraceptive which could affect sperm production without disturbing hormone levels.

Follicle-stimulating hormone autoantibody is involved in idiopathic spermatogenic dysfunction

Aim： To detect the anti-follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） antibody in idiopathic infertile patients and fertile subjects in order to determine the role of this antibody in patients with spermatogenic dysfunction. Methods： The anti-FSH antibody in serum was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The functional and structural integrity of the sperm membrane was evaluated with hypo-osmotic swelling （HOS） test and the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa was investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Results： The extent of positive FSH antibody in the patients with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia was significantly higher than that in the fertile subjects and infertile patients with normal sperm concentration and motility, but it was significantly lower than that in the patients with azoospermia. The extent of anti-FSH antibody in the patients with azoospermia was significantly greater than that in patients with oligospermia and/or asthenospermia, infertile people with normal sperm density and motility and fertile people. The hypo-osmotic swelling test showed that the percentage of HOS-positive spermatozoa （swollen） was 45.1% ±3.5% in the FSH antibody-positive group and 59.1% ± 6.2% in the FSH antibody-negative control group. The percentage of functional membrane damage to spermatozoa was significantly higher in the anti- FSH antibody-positive group than in the control group. TEM showed that the outer acrosomal membrane was located far from the nucleus, and detachment of the acrosome was found in the FSH autoantibody-positive group. Conclusion： These data suggest that the presence of anti-FSH antibody is strongly correlated with the sperm quantity and quality in idiopathic male infertility. Anti-FSH antibody may be an important factor causing spermatogenic dysfunction and infertility.

Cloning and Transcriptional Activity of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Promoter in the Jintang Black Goat

[ Objective] To clone follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） promoter in the Jintang black goat, study its transcriptional activity, and provide a basis for alternative splicing of FSHR gene. [Method] The total DNA were extracted from the womb of Jintang black goat, and one pair of primers were designed for amplification of FSHR promoter fragments, then the sequences and homology were analyzed. The FSHR promoter fragment was inserted into the pcFSHRB1 expression vector to substitute the CMV promoter and construct the pcFSHRB2 expression vector. The pcFSHRB1 and pcFSHRB2 expression vectors were transformed into HEK293 cells, respectively. Then these cells were collected after 24 and 48 h treatment with 2 mlU/ml follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, and the cAMP levels were detected. [Result] The FSHR promoter sequence of Jin- tang black goat had 34.2% homology to that of chicken and 41.6% to that of rat, respectively. The transcription initial site of FSHR was at -576 bp and its upstream sequences contained two TATA-boxes, four CAAT-boxes, one E-box and one Wl-box. After treating for 24 and 48 h, the cAMP levels of pcFSHRB2 were respectively 299.581 3 and 125.528 1 pmol/L; and that of pcFSHRB1 were respectively 120.057 1 and 109.940 7 pmoVL. [Conclusion] The FSHR promoter of Jintang black goat is a typical type 2 eukaryotic promoter, and it is also a strong promoter.

Role of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol benzoate in recovering spermatogenesis in tamoxifen-injured rats

Objective:To evaluate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on the recovery of spermatogenesis, histology, sexual hormones levels and testicular gene expression in testes of tamoxifen-injured rats.Methods:Forty adult rats were divided into eight groups in a factorial arrangement of tamoxifen and hormonal treatments. Half of the groups orally received 0.6 mg/kg tamoxifen, and 30 d later tamoxifen and no-tamoxifen groups (controls) were paired and assigned into four hormonal treatments with daily intramuscular injections for 10 consecutive days: 1 mL saline (control);7.5 IU FSH;12 μg/kg EB;and 7.5 IU FSH+12 μg/kg EB. One day after the last treatment, spermatozoa were recovered from epididymis, blood was processed for sex hormones concentration (testosterone, FSH and luteinizing hormone) and testes were processed for histology and RNA extraction for expression of genes related to apoptosis [caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)].Results: Control groups did not show significant changes in most parameters, but hormonal treatments decreased caspase 3 and iNOS and increased Bcl-2 expression. Tamoxifen significantly decreased counts, motility and viability of spermatozoa, Bcl-2 expression and sex hormones. It increased intertubular space, caspase 3 and iNOS expression, and induced seminiferous tubular atrophy. The hormonal treatments reverted spermatogenesis, hormonal levels and histology compared with controls, however not attaining the same sperm quality as controls.Conclusions:Tamoxifen is clearly detrimental to spermatogenesis and overall testicular structure and function, whereas hormonal therapy with FSH and EB can improve testicular function and revert tamoxifen-induced azoospermia.

Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Dosage, Seasons and Treatment Frequency on Super-Ovulation in Goats

[ Objective] To explore the effects of FSH （ Follicle-stimulating hormone）, seasons and treatment frequency on super-ovulation in donor goats and to provide necessary data for research about embryo transfer and embryo biotechnology in Yangzhou area. [ Method] Two FSH dosages （240 and 300 I U）, two seasons （April- June and October- December）, and two treatment frequencies （one or two times） were used to induce super-ovulation in goats. [ Result] Both average ovulation point and number of transferable embryos were significantly different between the goats given 240 IU FSH and those given 300 lU FSH （average ovulation point, 10.12 vs 15.55; number of transferable embryos, 8.82 vs 13.15） at the 0.05 level. Both average ovulation point and number of transferable embryos were also significantly different between April -June and October- December （ average ovulation point, 9.05 vs 15.55; number of transferable embryos, 7.05 vs 13.15） at the 0.05 level. Super-ovulation effect was not significantly different between the two treatment frequencies. [ Conduslonl The FSH dosages and seasons have significant impact on super-ovu- lation, but repeat super-ovulation does not have the same impact.

Effects of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide to Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor on the Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cells Derived from Human Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma in Vitro

The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations for the purpose of observing the effects of antisense ODN to FSH receptor （FSHR） on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hOMC cells in vitro. The inhibitory rates of growth were measured by using MTT method on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after the interference of antisense ODN, nonsense ODN, and FSH, respectively. The apoptotic rates and the cell cycles were determined by means of flow cytometry, the apoptosis indexes were detected by using TUNEL, and the expression of caspase-3 was measured by using SP immunohistochemistry. Compared with that in the control group, the proliferative activity of hOMC cells was increased obviously in FSH groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, decreased distinctly in antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and unchanged in nonsense ODN groups, respectively. Meanwhile, antisense ODN could significantly antagonize the FSH-promoted cell proliferative activity （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptotic rates and the expression of caspase-3 were dramatically increased in the mid- and high-dose antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, while the number of cells in G1/G0 phase was significantly decreased and that in S phase distinctly increased （P〈0.01）, There was no change in nonsense ODN groups （P〉0.05）, It was suggested that FSH may improve the development of hOMC cells, However, antisense ODN could inhibit proliferative activity and the FSH-promoted proliferative activity in hOMC cells, at the same time, antisense ODN could inhibit hOMC cell growth by inducing apoptosis.

Polymorphism of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene in Ningxia Tan Sheep

[ Objective] To study the polymorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） gene in Ningxia Tan sheep and thus to provide a theoretical basis for breeding. I Methodl Genotypes of 111 healthy Ningxia Tan sheep were examined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. [ResultS] A 306-bp fragment was amplified. The PCR products digested with restriction enzyme Alu I showed polymorphism with three genotypes, L e., GG, CG and CC. The genotypic frequencies of GG, CG and CC were 0.135 1 （ 15 individuals）, 0.666 7 （74 individuals） and 0.198 2 （22 individuals）, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and C were 0.468 5 and 0.531 5, respectively.[ Conclusion] FSHR aene is Dolvmomhic in Ninaxia Tan Sheeo.

The Determination and Evaluation of the Biological Activities for the Commercialization of Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Vitro

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a central role in mammals reproduction, with the actions of FSH mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRs) on the surface of target cells. The purposes of this study were to determine and evaluate the biological activities for the commercialization of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) in vitro through the cellular internalization using cloned 293T-FSHR cell lines as target. Using imaging approaches we have found here that a little fluorescent signal from the surface of the cell transferred to the cytoplasm and accumulated around the nucleus by endocytosis. Compared with the control groups, the commercialization of rFSH have not the significant differences of internalization, but the rFSH have promoted the internalization of the fluorescent, suggested that this detection system might as a protocol for the bioactivity of recombinant therapeutic proteins in vitro.

Hormonal Status Assessment of Infertile Congolese Men

Background: The pathologies causing male infertility are various (congenital or acquired) and concern several hormone-producing organs: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testes and adrenals. The hormonal dosage includes systematically testosterone, FSH and LH. These analyses often highlight hypogonadism hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic. They can sometimes be normal. The present study aimed to establish the hormonal profile of infertile men residing in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during five years (from 2018 to 2023). It concerned 344 infertilemen with an abnormal spermogram and spermocytogram. The method was performed from the blood dosage of testosterone, FSH, and LH using the Elisa technique. Results: The hormonal assessment was not normal in 48.83% (168/344) of cases. Increased values of testosterone were noted in 6.10% of cases and decreased in 12.20%. Abnormal high values of FSH were observed in 14.24% of cases and decreased values in 8.13%. LH was elevated, i.e. 2.03% of cases and decreased in 6.10% of subjects. Conclusions: A hormonal disturbance was observed in almost half of the infertile men. It concerned the hypothalamus-pituitary and the testes axis and indicated mainly a state of hypogonadism with high FSH and low LH.

抑制素A对牦牛颗粒细胞FSH、LH及其受体表达的影响

为了探明抑制素A(INHA)对牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞中促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)与其受体结合发挥的作用,通过体外培养牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞,采用免疫荧光技术(IF)检测促卵泡素受体(FSHR)和促黄体素受体(LHR)在颗粒细胞中的分布情况,用不同浓度外源性INHA(0、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 ng·mL^(-1))作用12 h后,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测颗粒细胞中FSHβ、LHβ、FSHR、LHR基因的表达情况,采用酶联免疫分析试验(ELISA)检测细胞内外FSH、LH的含量。结果显示,FSHR和LHR在颗粒细胞质与细胞核中均有表达。FSHβ和LHβ基因在颗粒细胞中的表达随INHA浓度的增大呈先降后升的趋势;INHA浓度接近5 ng·mL^(-1)时,FSHβ表达最低;INHA浓度接近10 ng·mL^(-1)时,LHβ表达最低;FSHR和LHR基因的表达与INHA浓度呈负相关。INHA浓度接近5 ng·mL^(-1)时,颗粒细胞内外FSH含量最低;INHA浓度接近10 ng·mL^(-1)时,颗粒细胞内外LH含量最低;其他INHA浓度下,当颗粒细胞内容物中FSH和LH含量降低时,细胞上清中含量升高。综上所述,INHA对FSHR和LHR基因在颗粒细胞中的表达存在明显的抑制作用,并且影响FSHβ和LHβ基因在颗粒细胞中的表达。研究表明INHA可以抑制牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞中FSH、LH与其受体的结合;同时,INHA对颗粒细胞内外FSH和LH的含量具有重要调节作用。本研究为进一步探索抑制素对雌性牦牛生殖调控的影响提供了理论依据。

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Blood Lead and Sex Hormone Levels among Occupationally Exposed Group in An E-waste Dismantling Area

Objective To study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels. Methods An E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied. Results The blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 I~/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks. Conclusion There was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

Association of Bisphenol A Exposure with Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations in Men and Postmenopausal Women

A total of 1 116 middle-aged and elderly men and 1 442 postmenopausal women were recruited in this study. Whether bisphenol A exposure was associated with circulating sex hormone concentrations was studied. Univariate analysis revealed that the urinary bisphenol A concentration was negatively correlated with the serum levels of luteinizing hormone （B=-0.061, P〈0.0001） and follicle-stimulating hormone （B=-0.086, P〈0.0001） in men, and with the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （B=-0.037, P=0.018） and sex hormone-binding globulin （B=-0.043, P=0.006） in women. However, no significant association was observed between the serum levels of urinary bisphenol A and circulating sex hormone after adjustment for the potential confounders.

Homeostatic relevance of vitamin D in maintaining male fertility in human: Down-regulation of oxidative stress and up-regulation of anti-oxidative defense and steroidal hormones

Objective:To evaluate correlation between the levels of vitamin D and male infertility as well as to determine the efficacy of vitamin D in improving the male fertility by up-regulating the levels of testosterone and spermatogenesis.Methods: In the present study, 130 male patients (aged 25-70 years) having fertility defects were screened and 145 healthy individuals were taken as control. All human subjects were screened for 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostane-F2α, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, vitamin D, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterones, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and nitric oxide.Results: The screening analysis revealed that the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone were lower in male infertile subjects compared to healthy subjects. Similarly, the levels of vitamin D [(17.17 ± 2.30) ng/mL] and calcium[(6.29 ± 0.31) mg/dL] were significantly lower in infertile groups compared to the normal healthy groups. Moreover, the study revealed that the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to the infertile subjects.Conclusions:Vitamin D exhibits strong relevance to male fertility by maintaining the levels of sex hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone), up-regulating the antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and down-regulating the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase species).

Clinical efficacy of anti-Mullerian hormone inspection in supporting diagnosis for climacteric disorders

The diagnosis of climacteric disorders in gynecology is performed on the basis of symptoms rather than hormonal levels. Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level increases when the 17β-estradiol (E2) level decreases in menopause. However, the problem of these hormones should be determined by strict timing of sampling, and there are individual specificities of decreases of hormone levels. We considered that anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can be measured at any time of the menstrual cycle and that it shows ovary functional decline earlier than FSH/E2, and we examined whether AMH would possibly become a good index for climacteric disorders. The subjects were 163 healthy females and 21 patients with climacteric disorders between 20 and 59 years old. We examined AMH, FSH and E2 at the same time. It is understood that in healthy females, AMH decreases with age and a decline in ovary function occurs at a relatively early age. Patients visiting clinics for climacteric disorders often have normal-range serum FSH/E2 levels, and it is clear that these values could not serve as indices of menopause at these inspections. Upon measurement of AMH in patients with climacteric disorders, most showed less than normal range (< 14 pmol/L), suggesting a decline in ovarian function. In addition, AMH was low in females with climacteric disorders compared with those without them. In conclusion, AMH was suggested as an objective index for climacteric disorders and possibly as a new diagnostic marker.

Sex Hormones Changes in Blood and Their Effect on Fecundity of African Catfish(Clarias gariepinus Burchell,1822)after Being Injected with Different Doses of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(HCG)Hormone

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses injection of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)hormone on fecundity and serum sex hormones(FSH,LH,estrogen(E2),progesterone(P4),testosterone(T))of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).African catfish spawners were intermuscularly injected with different doses of HCG(500,1500,3000,6000 IU/kg female),and group is not injected as a control;males were injected at half the female dose.The results showed that,fish group injected by 6000 IU HCG/kg female had the highest gonadsomatic index,absolute fecundity and relative fecundity,while,the lowest value of absolute fecundity and relative fecundity were recorded with 500 IU HCG/kg female.The group injected with the highest amount of HCG(6000 IU/kg female)recorded the lowest value from egg diameter,while the highest egg diameter was observed in 500 IU HCG/kg female.In females,the group injected with 6000 IU HCG/kg female reflected the lowest level of FSH and the highest level of LH and the highest level of P4 compared to other treatments.Level of T recorded the highest level with 1500 IU HCG/kg female.The control group reflected the highest level of FSH and E2,while the control group reflected the lowest level of T and P4 level.In males,serum FSH,LH,P4 and E2 in male groups injected with HCG were relatively higher than those recorded in the control group.The highest level of T was recorded in treatment injected with the highest dose of HCG and decreased in other treatments until recorded the lowest level of T in the control group.It was observed,HCG hormone has successfully and accelerate induced spawning in African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)and increased in reproductive performance with the increase in HCG dosage and as compared to group not injected.

石英毓麟汤加减对肾虚血瘀型多囊卵巢综合征患者免疫调控、抗缪勒管激素、促卵泡生成素水平的影响

目的探究石英毓麟汤加减对肾虚血瘀型多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者免疫调控、抗缪勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)、促卵泡生成素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)水平的影响。方法选取2021年3月—2022年3月收集的肾虚血瘀型多囊卵巢综合征患者78例,采用随机数字表法分试验组及对照组各39例,对照组给予炔雌醇环丙孕酮片,试验组在对照组的基础上予以石英毓麟汤加减。对比两组临床疗效、中医症状积分、B超检测结果、血清激素指标、外周血自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)、外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞1(T helper cell,Th1)/辅助性T淋巴细胞2(T helper cell,Th2)及不良反应情况。结果治疗后与对照组相比,试验组临床总有效率较高(P<0.05);治疗后两组经期量少或闭经、性欲减退、头晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、痛经且经血含血块评分降低(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组经期量少或闭经、性欲减退、头晕耳鸣、腰膝酸软、痛经且经血含血块较低(P<0.05);治疗后与对照组相比,试验组子宫内膜厚度、优势卵泡率均较高(P<0.05);治疗后两组促黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、FSH、睾酮(Testosterone,T)及AMH水平下降,雌激素(Estrogen,E2)升高(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组LH、FSH、T及AMH水平较低,E2较高(P<0.05);治疗后两组NK细胞、干扰素(interferon,IFN)-γ、白细胞介素-4(interleukin,IL-4)及Th1/Th2下降(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组NK细胞、IFN-γ、IL-4及Th1/Th2较低(P<0.05);治疗后与对照组相比,试验组不良反应总发生率较低(P<0.05)。结论石英毓麟汤加减治疗肾虚血瘀型多囊卵巢综合征患者临床效果显著,能调节患者体内NK细胞活性,纠正Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡状态,改善月经等临床症状,提高排卵率,改善激素水平。

Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels prior to prostatectomy are not related to long-term oncologic or cardiovascular outcomes for men with prostate cancer

Prior research suggests a link between circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and prostate cancer outcomes.FSH levels may also explain some of the observed differences in cardiovascular events among men treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonists compared to GnRH agonists.This study evaluates the association between preoperative FSH and long-term cardiovascular and oncologic outcomes in a cohort of men with long follow-up after radical prostatectomy.We performed a cohort study utilizing an institutional biobank with annotated clinical data.FSH levels were measured from cryopreserved plasma and compared with sex steroids previously measured from the same samples.Differences in oncologic outcomes between tertiles of FSH levels were compared using adjusted cox regression models.Major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were similarly assessed using hospital admission diagnostic codes.A total of 492 patients were included,with a median follow-up of 13.1(interquartile range:8.9–15.9)years.Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S)levels,but not other androgens,negatively correlated with FSH levels on linear regression analysis(P=0.03).There was no association between FSH tertile and outcomes of biochemical recurrence,time to castrate-resistant prostate cancer,or time to metastasis.MACEs were identified in 50 patients(10.2%),with a mean time to first event of 8.8 years.No association with FSH tertile and occurrence of MACE was identified.Our results do not suggest that preoperative FSH levels are significantly associated with oncologic outcomes among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy,nor do these levels appear to be predictors of long-term cardiovascular risk.

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清AMH,LH和FSH水平检测及临床应用研究

目的分析抗缪勒氏管激素(AMH)、黄体生成素(LH)和卵泡刺激素(FSH)在常见妇科疾病患者血清中的表达水平,探讨AMH对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的诊断价值。方法采用化学发光法检测1089例常见妇科疾病患者血清AMH,LH和FSH,比较不同年龄组和不同疾病组中的血清AMH水平差异,分析PCOS患者中AMH与LH/FSH的相关性,绘制ROC曲线,计算出诊断PCOS的最佳截断值。结果①AMH水平随着年龄的增加而下降;各个年龄组PCOS患者的血清AMH水平均明显高于同年龄组的健康女性(P<0.05),其他妇科疾病患者的血清AMH水平与同年龄组的健康女性相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②PCOS患者和健康女性的血清AMH水平与LH/FSH呈中度正相关(r=0.304,0.464,P<0.00);③AMH=6.895ng/ml为PCOS诊断界值时,敏感度为82.8%,特异度为79.6%,曲线下面积为0.886,具有最高诊断效能。在LH/FSH=0.960时,敏感度为75.5%,特异度为80.2%,ROC曲线下面积为0.832,具有最高诊断效能。结论血清AMH水平升高是PCOS患者生殖内分泌代谢紊乱的重要特征,采用ROC曲线分析确立AMH的cutoff值为6.895ng/ml时,对PCOS诊断具有较大临床价值。

基础FSH/LH比值对预测年轻不孕患者IVF-ET周期卵巢反应性的影响

目的:探讨基础FSH和LH比值预测基础FSH水平正常且年轻不孕患者卵巢反应性的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2004年6月至2005年5月因男方因素或输卵管因素行体外受精-胚胎移植(in-vitrofertilization-embryotransfer,IVF-ET)治疗的年轻(年龄≤35岁)且基础FSH水平正常(≤8.5IU/L)不孕患者237例的临床资料,共计237个治疗周期,依据FSH/LH不同比例分为3组,A组(n=44)FSH/LH<1;B组(n=143)FSH/LH12;C组(n=50)FSH/LH>2。比较各组间的年龄、激素水平、卵巢反应、IVF的实验室结果以及妊娠情况。结果:3组患者的年龄、窦卵泡数、基础E2值、受精率、卵裂率和妊娠率两两相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),但A、B两组间的基础FSH值、基础LH值、E2峰值和成熟卵泡数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、C两组间基础FSH值、基础LH值、E2峰值、促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)总用量、Gn平均每日用量、Gn用药时间及获卵数和成熟卵泡数的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C两组间基础LH值、E2峰值、促性腺激素总用量、Gn平均每日用量和Gn用药时间比较也有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:FSH正常的年轻妇女,FSH/LH>2的卵巢反应性明显低于FSH/LH<1者;FSH/LH比值是预测基础FSH正常且年轻不孕者卵巢反应性的一项较好指标。