基于残余星间速度法精确和快速反演下一代GRACE Follow-On地球重力场

基于新型残余星间速度法(RIRM)反演了120阶GRACE Follow-On地球重力场.第一,由于GPS定轨精度相对较低,通过将激光干涉测距仪的高精度残余星间速度(测量精度10-7 m·s-1)引入残余轨道速度差分矢量的视线分量构建了新型RIRM观测方程.第二,基于2点、4点、6点和8点RIRM公式对比论证了最优的插值点数.如果相关系数和采样间隔一定,随着插值点数的增加,卫星观测值的信号量被有效加强,而卫星观测值的误差量也同时增加.因此,6点RIRM公式是提高下一代地球重力场精度的较优选择.第三,相关系数对地球重力场精度的影响在不同频段表现为不同特性.随着相关系数的逐渐增大,地球长波重力场精度逐渐降低,而地球中长波重力场精度逐渐升高.第四,基于6点RIRM公式,通过30天观测数据和采样间隔5s,分别利用星间速度和残余星间速度观测值,在120阶次处反演下一代GRACE Follow-On累计大地水准面精度为1.638×10-3 m和1.396×10-3 m.研究结果表明:(1)残余星间速度观测量较星间速度对地球重力场反演精度更敏感;(2)GRACE FollowOn地球重力场精度较GRACE至少高10倍.

Process for improving the ladle free- opening rate for high aluminum steel in continuous casting

Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.

Effect of varying normal stress on stability and dynamic motion of a spring-slider system with rate- and state-dependent friction

Incorporating rate and state friction laws, stability of linearly stable （i.e., with stiffness greater than the critical value） spring-slider systems subjected to triggering perturbations was analyzed under variable normal stress condition, and comparison was made between our results and that of fixed normal stress cases revealed in previous studies. For systems associated with the slip law, the critical mag- nitude of rate steps for triggering unstable slips are found to have a similar pattern to the fixed normal stress case, and the critical velocity steps scale with a/（b - a） when k = kcr for both cases. The rate-step boundaries for the variable normal stress cases are revealed to be lower than the fixed normal stress case by 7 %-16 % for a relatively large ct = 0.56 with （b - a）/a ranging from 0.25 to 1, indicating easier triggering under the variable normal stress condition with rate steps. The difference between fixed and variable normal stress cases decreases when the α value is smaller. In the same slip- law-type systems, critical displacements to trigger instability are revealed to be little affected by the variable normal stress condition. When k 〉 kcr（V,）, a spring-slider system with the slowness law is much more stable than with the slip law,suggesting that the slowness law fits experimental data better when a single state variable is adopted. In stick-slip motions, the variable normal stress case has larger stress drops than the constant normal stress case. The variable normal stress has little effect on the range of slip velocity in systems associated with the slowness law, whereas systems associated with the slip law have a slowest slip velocity immensely smaller than the fixed normal stress case, by ~ 10 orders of magnitude.

Fifty-Year-Follow-up Results Compared with Shorter Follow-up of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Mastectomy with or without Adjuvant Radiotherapy

Background: To evaluate the effect of follow-up length on the outcome of breast cancer patients, we compared the 50- and 25-year follow-up results in terms of cure rate, overall mortality and mortalities from breast cancer, second cancer, and benign diseases. Methods: 763 patients treated for breast cancer between February 1953 and September 1976, were followed up until December 2014. They were divided into two cohorts;earlier cohort exclusively underwent radical mastectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy, while later cohort had radical mastectomy alone. Assuming that in all patients follow-up was terminated at 50 or 25 years after diagnosis, likelihood ratio test and stratified Log-rank tests were performed to evaluate the differences in cure rate and overall survival between the two cohorts. Results: During the 50 years, radical mastectomy alone compared with radical mastectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with a significantly higher cure rate, and higher survivals regardless of whether the death was from breast cancer, second cancer, benign causes or any causes. However, if follow-up information is limited to 25 years, the advantage of radical mastectomy alone is partly offset and the survival difference between the two cohorts becomes less significant. Conclusion: Radiotherapy to breast cancer may adversely affect not only mortality from breast cancer, but mortalities unrelated to breast cancer. Since such deaths occur later, they may fail to be detected unless follow-up is long enough. Thus, deleterious effects of radiotherapy may be underestimated. Exceedingly long follow-up is required to accurately estimate the cure rate and the long-term effect of radiotherapy.

Effect of cooling rate on evolution of superconducting phases during decomposition and recrystallization of (Bi,Pb)-2223 core in Ag-sheathed tape

The reformation of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from the liquid or melt is very important for a melting process of (Bi,Pb)-2223 tape. By combination of quenching experiment with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the effect of cooling rate on the evolution of three superconducting phases in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 core of Ag-sheathed tape was investigated. The results show that (Bi,Pb)-2223 reformation from the melt seems to experience different routes during slowly cooling at different rates. One is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase reformed directly from the melt, and no Bi-2212 participate in this process. The other is that (Bi,Pb)-2223 is converted from the intermediate product, Bi-2212, which formed from the melt during the first cooling stage. Due to the inherent sluggish formation kinetics of (Bi,Pb)-2223 from Bi-2212, only partial (Bi,Pb)-2223 can finally be reformed with the second route.

Plastic Flow Modeling of Ti-5 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-4 Mo-4 Cr Alloy at Elevated Temperatures and High Strain Rates

The true stress-sWain relationships of Ti-5A1-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr（TC17） alloy with a wide range of strain rates were investigated by tmiaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, respectively. Quasi- static compression tests were carried out with Instron 8874 test machine, while dynamic compression tests were performed with the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） which was installed with heating device and synchro- assembly system. The dynamic mechanical behaviors tests of TC17 were carded out from room temperature to 800 ℃ at intervals of 200 ℃ and at high sWain rates （5 500-1 9200 s-l）. The stress-strain curves considering temperature-sWain rate coupling actions were obtained. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was developed through data fitting of the stress-sWain curves. The material constants in the developed constitutive model can be determined using isothermal and adiabatic stress-strain curves at different strain rates. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model provided satisfied prediction of the plastic flow stress for TC17 alloy.

基于生物-心理-社会模型的随访管理路径在慢性心力衰竭病人中的应用研究

目的:探讨基于生物-心理-社会模型的随访管理路径在慢性心力衰竭病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年6月江苏省南京医科大学第二附属医院心血管内科的128例慢性心力衰竭病人为研究对象,依据床号单双数分为对照组和观察组,每组64例。对照组给予常规随访管理,观察组实施基于生物-心理-社会模型制定的随访管理路径,比较两组干预后自我护理行为[中文版心力衰竭自我护理行为量表(EHFScBS)]、再入院率及生活质量情况[明尼芬达心力衰竭生活质量问卷(MLHFQ)]。结果:干预后,观察组EHFScBS评分低于对照组;脑钠肽值(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)、再入院率也低于对照组;MLHFQ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于生物-心理-社会模型的随访管理路径对改善慢性心力衰竭病人自我护理行为、降低再入院率及优化生活质量等方面均具有积极促进作用。

Performance Analysis of Outage Probability and Error Rate of Square M-QAM in Mobile Wireless Communication Systems over Generalized α-μ Fading Channels with Non-Gaussian Noise

This paper derives new and exact closed-form expressions for the average symbol error rate(SER) of square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM) in wireless communication systems over theα-μfading channels subject to an additive non-Gaussian noise. The obtained expressions take into account static and mobile wireless receivers. In addition, a closed-form expression for the outage probability in mobile networks is obtained. Please note that all derived expressions in this paper a valid for integer and non-integer values of the fading parameters. Analytical results are presented to study the impact of noise shaping parameter, severity of fading, and mobility on the average SER. Monte-Carlo simulations results are also provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical results.

NO_3^-/NH_4^+ ratios affect plant growth, chlorophyll content,respiration rate, and morphological structure in Malus hupehensis seedlings

Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. is a widely cultivated rootstock in China. We studied the effect of three NO3-/NH4＋ ratios （100/0, 50/50, and 0/100, molar basis） at total nitrogen （N） concentration of 8 mmoL L-1 in a nutrient solution on M. hupehensis seedlings. Plant biomass, NO3- and NH4＋concentrafion, chlorophyll con- tent, respiratory rate, and cellular structure were investi- gated. M. hupehensis seedlings at the NO3-/NH4＋ ratio of 50/50 had the highest level of fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, and chlorophyll （a, b, and a ＋ b） content, but the lowest respiration rate in the leavesand roots. In addition, thickness and numbers of palisade and spongy tissue cells of the leaves were greater with this treatment than with other treatments. At the NO3-/NH4＋ ratio of 100/0, the leaves and roots had higher NO3- concentration and lower NH4＋ concentration. However, the opposite trend occurred at the NO3-/NH4＋ ratio of 0/100. Chloro- phyll （a, b, and a ＋ b） content was lowest at the NO3-/NH4＋ ratio of 100/0 than at the other ratios. At the NO3-/ NH4＋ ratio of 0/100, oxygen （02） consumption increased in the leaves and roots, and irregular epidermis and cortex cells were observed in the root apical meristematic and mature region. Our results indicated that the NO3-INH4＋ ratio at 50/50 was suitable for growth of M. hupehensis seedling to achieve the highest biomass production and efficiency.

THE BROAD-BAND CCD PHOTOMETRY AND DUST PRODUCTION RATES OF COMET HALE-BOPP

Based upon broad-band CCD observation data of comet Hale-Bopp obtained by a 60cm telescope at Xinglong Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory during March-August, 1996, the photometric results of comet Hale-Bopp are reported. Using the photometric results, the dust production rate, radius and mass of nucleus of comet Hale-Bopp are estimated as follows: dM/dt～1.5×10 5 kgs -1, R n～35.5km, and M n～5.65×10 16kg.

Diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters and serum tumor markers in rectal carcinoma prognosis

BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoma(RC),one of the most common malignancies globally,presents an increasing incidence and mortality year by year,especially among young people,which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients.At present,dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA125 Levels have been used in clinical practice to evaluate the T stage and differentiation of RC.However,the accuracy of these evaluation modalities still needs further research.This study explores the application and value of these methods in evaluating the T stage and differentiation degree of RC.AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum tumor markers(TMs)in assessing pathological processes and prognosis of RC patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 RC patients treated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from May 2018 to January 2022.Patients were categorized into stages T1,T2,T3,and T4,depending on their T stage and differentiation degree.In addition,they were assigned to low(L group)and moderate-high differentiation(M+H group)groups based on their differentiation degree.The levels of DCE-MRI parameters and serum CA19-9 and CA125 in different groups of patients were compared.In addition,the value of DCE-MRI parameters[volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),and extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve)in assessing the differentiation and T staging of RC patients was discussed.Furthermore,the usefulness of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum CA19-9 and CA125 Levels in the evaluation of RC differentiation and T staging was analyzed.RESULTS Ktrans,Ve,CA19-9 and CA125 were higher in the high-stage group and L group than in the low-stage group and M+H Group,respectively(P<0.05).The areas under the curve(AUCs)of the Ktran and Ve parameters were 0.638 and 0.694 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.672 and 0.725 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.The AUC of DCE-MRI parameters(Ktrans+Ve)in the diagnosis of high and low stages was 0.742,and the AUC in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation was 0.769.The AUCs of CA19-9 and CA-125 were 0.773 and 0.802 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.834 and 0.796 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.Then,we combined DCE-MRI(Ktrans+Ve)parameters with CA19-9 and CA-125 and found that the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs was 0.836 in the diagnosis of high and low stages and 0.946 in the diagnosis of moderate-high and low differentiation.According to the Delong test,the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs increased significantly compared with serum TMs alone in the diagnosis of T stage and differentiation degree(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The levels of the DCE-MRI parameters Ktrans and Ve and the serum TMs CA19-9 and CA125 all increase with increasing T stage and decreasing differentiation degree of RC and can be used as indices to evaluate the differentiation degree of RC in clinical practice.Moreover,the combined evaluation of the above indices has a better effect and more obvious clinical value,providing important guiding importance for clinical condition judgment and treatment selection.

High Strain Rate Induced Plasticity-increasing of Metallic Materials under Tension

The effect of strain rate on plasticity has been Investigat-ed for three metallic materials with dynamic tension tech-nique. A phenomenon of high strain induced plasticity -increasing was found for tested materials. The elongation of quenched 30CrMnSiNi2A is 14. 5% under 40 m/s loading rate which is more than two times of the 7 % un-der 0. 5 mm/min. This typic high strain rate induced plasticity - Increasing phenomenon is associated with adiabatic heating, strain twinning and suppression of strain - induced - phase transformation.

2002-2014年南通市肿瘤医院胃癌住院患者生存率分析

目的:对南通市肿瘤医院2002-2014年以医院为基础的肿瘤登记胃癌病例作生存率分析,为综合评估胃癌患者预后提供依据。方法:采用主动随访与被动随访相结合的方法,对癌症登记数据库中来自启东、海门籍的胃癌住院患者进行生存结局的随访。用寿命表法计算观察生存率,并采用SPSS 26软件作生存率比较分析,Wilcoxon统计量Gehan值评估差异的显著性。结果:启东、海门籍胃癌患者428例,失访13例(3.04%),获得癌症生存结局信息者为415例(随访率为96.96%),其中男性278例,女性137例,首次入院平均年龄为61.86±11.99岁,60岁以上老年人共计256例,占59.81%。患者的1年、3年、5年及10年观察生存率分别为51.08%、27.80%、21.62%及18.06%。除1年生存率外,男性2~10年生存率均低于女性生存率,但差异无统计学意义(Wilcoxon统计量Gehan=0.085,P=0.770)。0~39岁组、40~49岁组、50~59岁组、60~69岁组及≥70岁组的5年总观察生存率分别为33.89%、19.68%、25.23%、23.33%及16.19%,差异无统计学意义。启东籍胃癌患者1~5年观察生存率略高于海门籍患者,而5年以上观察生存率则稍低于海门籍患者,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(Wilcoxon统计量Gehan=0.317,P=0.573)。结论:胃癌患者生存率的性别差异、年龄别差异及地区差异不显著。与发达国家或地区相比,胃癌的总体生存率有待提高。

动机-技能-脱敏-心理能量干预模式对海洛因依赖者戒毒后操守率的影响

目的獉獉:评价动机-技能-脱敏-心理能量模式对戒毒人员短期操守率的影响。方法獉獉:选取襄阳市强制隔离戒毒所男性戒毒人员98名,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组接受动机-技能-脱敏-心理能量模式和戒毒所常规戒毒教育,对照组接受戒毒所常规戒毒教育。对试验组46人以及对照组43人,在其出所后进行电话随访,评价两组人员出所满1个月、3个月和6个月的操守情况。结果獉獉:试验组出所满1个月、3个月和6个月时,操守人数(率)分别是33(71.74%)、24(52.17%)和19(41.30%);对照组操守人数(率)分别是8(18.60%)、3(6.98%)和1(2.33%)。试验组操守率均远高于对照组(P<0.001)。多元Logistic回归结果显示,6个月随访结果中只有干预因素是患者操守的重要影响因素(OR值大于20,P均<0.01)。结论獉獉:本研究结果提示,动机-技能-脱敏-心理能量干预模式可促进戒毒患者保持操守。

2002-2014年489例启东海门籍食管癌住院患者生存率分析

目的分析食管癌病例生存率,为食管癌防治提供依据。方法采用主动随访与被动随访相结合的方法,对癌症登记数据库中来自启东、海门籍的食管癌住院患者开展生存结局的随访,随访截止于2016年3月31日。用寿命表法计算观察生存率。结果随访南通市肿瘤医院住院的启东、海门籍食管癌患者489例,获得癌症生存结局信息的为470例,随访率为96.11%,失访19例,失访率为3.89%。首次入院平均年龄为(65.44±2.82)岁,患者的1、3、5、10年观察生存率分别为55.74%、26.37%、19.65%、12.01%,男性1、3、5、10年观察生存率(51.04%、23.74%、16.75%、8.41%)低于女性(66.92%、32.68%、26.83%、17.26%),两组差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论启东、海门籍食管癌患者的生存率与国内同类资料相比大致相当,但与国外资料相比尚有一定的差异,食管癌综合防治能力有待提高。

4F-CRT治疗255例鼻咽癌的预后因素分析

目的分析大样本量鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）患者接受四野面颈联合野放疗（four faciocervical fields conformal radiotherapy,4F-CRT）的疗效及不良反应,并探讨其预后因素。方法分析接受4F-CRT的255例初治鼻咽癌患者临床资料。所有患者治疗前行鼻咽MRI,采用直线加速器6 MV X线进行治疗,常规分割,2 Gy/f,每周5天连续放疗。其中231例Ⅱ-ⅣB期患者接受以铂类为基础的化疗。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法,Log-rank法检验差异性。Cox风险比例模型进行多因素分析。结果中位随访43月（8-79月）,所有患者3年与5年局控率、无瘤生存率、总生存率分别是83.3%、82.0%、83.8%和76.1%、73.2%、76.3%。单因素分析显示,临床分期（P〈0.01）、T分期（P〈0.01）、N分期（P=0.001）和即时疗效（P=0.025）与预后有关。多因素分析显示,年龄（P=0.004）、T分期（P〈0.01）、N分期（P〈0.01）和联合化疗（P=0.04）是影响鼻咽癌的独立预后因素。不良反应主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级放射性黏膜炎和白细胞下降。结论 4F-CRT治疗鼻咽癌疗效好,无严重不良反应,联合化疗、T分期、N分期和年龄是影响预后的独立因素。

2006-2017年苏州市戒烟竞赛情况以及戒烟成功的影响因素分析

目的了解苏州市2006—2017年戒烟竞赛的报名和随访情况,并探讨影响戒烟成功的相关因素。方法参加戒烟竞赛者在竞赛开始前填写报名表,在竞赛开始后半年以14%的比例抽取随访对象,填写随访问卷,统计戒烟率等指标并进行戒烟成功率的多因素Logistic回归分析。结果2006—2017年苏州市共有44 940人参加戒烟竞赛,平均戒烟率为36.9%。影响戒烟成功率的因素为年龄(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.273～1.675)、文化程度(OR=1.167,95%CI:1.087～1.252)、烟龄(OR=0.722,95%CI:0.652～0.799)、每日吸烟量(OR=0.784,95%CI:0.694～0.885)和戒烟热线(OR=1.510,95%CI:1.148～1.986)。结论戒烟竞赛为有意愿戒烟的吸烟者提供了一个有利的环境,有助于戒烟率的提高。

江苏省2007-2013年乙肝疫苗疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的了解江苏省乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生的流行病学特征,评价HepB预防接种的安全性和AEFI监测系统的运转情况。方法通过AEFI信息管理系统和江苏省免疫规划信息系统,收集江苏省2007-2013年报告的HepB接种数据和AEFI个案,采用描述流行病方法对相关指标进行分析。结果江苏省2007-2013年共报告HepB AEFI 3 576例,报告发生率164.09/100万剂;年龄分布以<1岁组为主,占80.96%;男女比为1.29∶1;主要报告月份为5-8月。一般反应报告发生率为144.68/100万剂,异常反应为17.39/100万剂,严重异常反应为0.60/100万剂。临床诊断以发热/红肿/硬结和过敏性皮疹为多见,发生率分别为137.85/100万剂、15.10/100万剂。结论 HepB具有较好的预防接种安全性,不良反应以发热/红肿/硬结和过敏性皮疹为主,严重异常反应发生率较低;江苏省AEFI监测系统运转正常,可为疫苗的安全性评价提供依据。

复合酶-微波辅助萃取结合超滤纯化的灰树花子实体多糖的免疫活性研究

目的:研究经酶解-微波辅助萃取、超滤分级纯化的灰树花子实体多糖的免疫活性。方法:采用复合酶解结合微波辅助萃取方法提取灰树花子实体多糖,采用超滤工艺对提取多糖进行分级纯化;采用MTT法研究多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞、ConA/LPS诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖作用;建立荷瘤小鼠模型,研究灰树花多糖对肿瘤的抑制作用。结果:获得分子质量范围为<50kD的GFP-I、50～100kD的GFP-II和100～200kD的GFP-III;与RPMI-1640对照组相比,GFP-I、GFP-II和GFP-III对淋巴细胞增殖率分别增加26.558%～74.167%(P<0.001)、20.175%～152.075%(P<0.001)和26.473%～334.797%(P<0.001);对ConA诱导的淋巴细胞增殖率分别增加31.408%～122.894%(P<0.001)、53.075%～235.693%(P<0.001)和83.347%～367.241%(P<0.001);对LPS诱导的淋巴细胞增殖率分别增加20.526%～97.075%(P<0.001)、38.288%～211.348%(P<0.001)和54.454%～344.883%(P<0.001);相对于生理盐水(NS)组,在实验剂量范围内,GFP-I、GFP-II和GFP-III对S180肿瘤的抑制率分别达到10.15%～22.94%(P<0.001)、12.79%～30.10%(P<0.001),23.86%～51.65%(P<0.001)。结论:经复合酶-微波辅助萃取、超滤分级纯化后多糖具有显著免疫活性和抗肿瘤活性,其中GFP-III具有比GFP-I和GFP-II更强的免疫活性和抗肿瘤活性,而且活性与其浓度正相关,多糖可能以对T淋巴细胞增殖的促进作用为主。