China Food Trade Promotes the Development of SIAL China

According to SIAL CHINA, the 13th China International Food and Beverages Exhibition (SIAL China 2012) will be held in Shanghai New International Expo Center On May 9, 2012. It is hosted together by COMEXPOSIUM and China Business

Changes of China's Position in the World Food Trade Network

"Ensuring stability in foreign trade"and"ensuring food security"are essential parts of China's"six priorities"and"stability in six areas".Based on the data of bilateral food trade between countries during 1996-2018,using descriptive statistical analysis and social network analysis methods,this paper analyzed the changes of China's trade position in the world food trade network.It reached the following results.(i)China's position in the trade network has undergone a phased process of"remarkable improvement-continuous fluctuation-significant decline-steady growth".(ii)Export participation is better than import participation,the gap between trade export strength and import strength is widening,and the effective scale and constraint index gradually improve.(iii)The change of China's position in the food trade network is affected by geographical,economic,institutional and cultural factors.In view of these findings,it is recommended to improve node centrality,enhance network participation,improve network interconnection,and prevent international market risks,so as to better deal with the complex international environment.

Local Trade Networks among Farmers and Traders

Both farmers and traders benefit from trade networking, which is crucial for the local economy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how these networks operate, and how they can be managed more effectively. Throughout this study, we examine the economic networks formed between farmers and traders through the trade of food products. These networks are analyzed from the perspective of their structure and the factors that influence their development. Using data from 18 farmers and 15 traders, we applied exponential random graph models. The results of our study showed that connectivity, Popularity Spread, activity spread, good transportation systems, and high yields all affected the development of networks. Therefore, farmers’ productivity and high market demand can contribute to local food-crop trade. The network was not affected by reciprocity, open markets, proximity to locations, or trade experience of actors. Policy makers should consider these five factors when formulating policies for local food-crop trade. Additionally, local actors should be encouraged to use these factors to improve their network development. However, it is important to note that these factors alone cannot guarantee success. Policy makers and actors must also consider other factors such as legal frameworks, economic policies, and resource availability. Our approach can be used in future research to determine how traders and farmers can enhance productivity and profit in West Africa. This study addresses a research gap by examining factors influencing local food trade in a developing country.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Gap in food safety standard and catching up strategy:A case of China-EU nuts trade

Food safety standard varies among countries due to their income.The food safety standard in advanced countries has become an export barrier for agricultural products and food from developing countries.How to deal with the barrier is a challenge for the less developed countries.This paper,approaching the problem from the gap of food safety standard,employs the data of China-EU nuts trade during 1992 to 2013,to analyze the impact of discrepancy of food safety standard on nuts trade.It found that the difference of food safety standard did affect the bilateral nuts trade,i.e.if the standard gap shrinks by lppb or in the case China's MRLs(maximum residue limits)of aflatoxin B1 close to EU's by lppb,China's nuts exports to EU countries would expand by 6.6%.There're two ways to fill the gap,either EU lower its standard or China enhance its standard,the simulation found the effect that China elevate its nuts chemical standard to CAC or international level will exceed that of EU degrading its standard to CAC level.

TIBET'S LAST CARAVAN CHARGED WITH TRANSPORTING SALT(Ⅶ):Barter Trade between Food Grains and Salt

By setting out for saline lakes in spring, Tibetan caravans on horseback return to farmlands in autumn to barter salt for agricultural products.

基于农产品进出口贸易视角的农业机械化发展研究

为推进全程全面绿色高效农业机械化发展,基于农产品进出口贸易的视角分析农业机械化存在的短板弱项问题。目前我国农业存在贸易逆差逐年增加、主要农产品贸易逆差扩大、劳动密集型农产品比较优势逐渐消失、主要农产品自给率较低等发展现状。在农业机械化方面,小农经济及二元经济结构现状制约着适度规模经营的发展进度,农业规模化种植的生产效益还未充分体现;全程全面高质高量农业机械还不充分;全程农业机械化种植农艺技术推广应用还需加强。农业机械化发展应立足于保障粮食安全与提高农业经营主体经济效益的基本定位,关键在于提高农产品生产效率,改善农产品质量,提高农产品国际竞争力。基于上述分析,提出推进适度规模经营、推动短板弱项农业装备创新发展、优化农业机械化支持政策、推进先进适用农艺技术推广应用、强化农产品初加工装备研发及推广等发展建议。

Research on Weighted Directed Dynamic Multiplexing Network of World Grain Trade Based on Improved MLP Framework

As the main food source for humans, the global movement of the three major grains significantly impacts human survival and development. To investigate the evolution of the world cereal trade network and its development trend, a weighted directed dynamic multiplexed network was established using historical data on cereal trade, cereal import dependency ratio, and arable land per capita. Inspired by the MLP framework, we redefined the weight determination method for computing layer weights and edge weights of the target layer, modified the CN, RA, AA, and PA indicators, and proposed the node similarity indicator for weighted directed networks. The AUC metric, which measures the accuracy of the algorithm, has also been improved in order to finally obtain the link prediction results for the grain trading network. The prediction results were processed, such as web-based presentation and community partition. It was found that the number of generalized trade agreements does not have a decisive impact on inter-country cereal trade. The former large grain exporters continue to play an important role in this trade network. In the future, the world trade in cereals will develop in the direction of more frequent intercontinental trade and gradually weaken the intracontinental cereal trade.

农产品国际贸易新格局形成中的中国因素

与2000年相比,2021年农产品国际贸易的产品集中度和国别集中度双双下降,发展中经济体扮演了更重要的角色。实证研究表明:从2000年到2021年,中国是全球农产品国际贸易新格局形成的重要推动力量。中国对全球农产品国际贸易规模增量的贡献为9.45%,降低了可贸易农产品的产品集中度和地理集中度,重构了全球农产品国际贸易的地理方向,提高了发展中国家在农产品国际贸易中的地位。另外,中国践行“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观,遏制了谷物进口的过快增长,从而对稳定谷物国际贸易格局、维护世界粮食安全发挥了重要作用。

新粮食安全观下我国大米进口贸易发展的特征、问题与建议

2001-2022年,我国大米进口贸易总体保持增长态势,已跃居世界大米进口榜首,产品结构以碎米为主,来源地区主要集中在南亚和东南亚,进口均价呈先升后降态势。近年来,我国大米进口贸易发展中存在着增势过猛,粮食安全风险上升;来源地数量不足,市场集中度较高;进口优势不显著,均价相对偏高;进口门槛偏低,保护程度有限等问题。新形势下,全面贯彻新粮食安全观,强化战略思维,提升自给能力;拓展进口来源,优化市场结构;完善进口管理政策,提升产业链与供应链的安全性;完善大米储备机制,增强抵御国际风险能力,实现我国大米进口贸易可持续健康发展。

世界和中国马铃薯供求分析

随着马铃薯主粮化战略的不断推进,世界及中国的马铃薯及其制品供求局势发生了重要转变。为进一步明确世界及中国马铃薯及其制品供求局势的变化特征,为其未来供求局势预测提供数据参考,采用几何平均等数据描述方法,对世界及中国马铃薯生产及需求变化进行定量分析。数据分析结果表明:第一,世界及中国马铃薯播种面积、产量及单产均呈增长态势,且中国马铃薯播种面积占比不断增大,已成为世界马铃薯产量最大的国家,但其单产水平始终低于世界平均水平。第二,世界马铃薯及其制品国际贸易规模不断增大,马铃薯贸易占世界农产品贸易的比重较为稳定。第三,世界人均马铃薯消费量呈小幅下降趋势,但反弹增长趋势明显;中国国内马铃薯及其制品需求量不断增大,直接食用部分占比最大且持续增长,马铃薯需求不断增长,主粮化趋势凸显。因此,为适应马铃薯单产水平低与国内马铃薯消费需求刚性增长之间的矛盾,要在牢牢保障马铃薯播种面积同时增加马铃薯种植技术投入及优种培育。

经济政策不确定性、区域经济合作与全球粮食贸易增长

本文利用全球30个主要粮食贸易国的粮食贸易数据,实证检验了全球经济政策不确定性上升对全球粮食贸易整体产生的影响,选取“一带一路”倡议、区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)、北美自由贸易区(NAFTA)和欧盟4个具有代表性的区域合作框架,检验其对不同区域经济合作成员粮食贸易增长影响的差异,并构建模型进行机制检验。研究显示,全球经济政策不确定性上升促进全球粮食贸易整体有所增长,机制检验结果验证了全球经济政策不确定性上升倒逼不同区域、国家之间加强区域经济合作,促进区域内成员之间粮食贸易增长,尤其是以“一带一路”倡议为代表的区域经济合作深入、持续、广泛地开展,切实提升了共建“一带一路”国家粮食贸易合作水平和一体化程度,带动了全球粮食贸易增长。基于此,本文提出加强农业国际合作平台建设、持续深入推进“一带一路”倡议高质量发展等对策建议,以维护粮食国际贸易持续、健康发展,保障全球粮食安全。

中美粮食贸易的竞争性和互补性分析

基于2002—2021年联合国商品贸易数据库(UN Comtrade)的数据,采用贸易竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数、贸易互补性指数、行业贸易互补性指数分析了中国与美国的粮食贸易竞争性和互补性关系。结果表明:在粮食贸易领域,中国相较于美国整体上处于竞争劣势,但两国展现出较强的贸易互补性。具体而言,美国进口与中国出口的各类粮食作物间的贸易互补关系尤为显著。此外,中国出口至美国的粮食产品与美国进口需求间的贸易互补性指数要高于美国出口至中国与中国进口需求间的互补性指数。基于此,提出了扩大具有比较优势的粮食出口、提升粮食产品的附加值、确保主粮生产安全等对策建议。

数字经济下我国粮食贸易的机遇与挑战

数字经济时代下建设有韧性的粮食贸易体系直接关系到我国粮食安全建设。利用联合国粮农组织数据,分析2012—2021年我国粮食贸易的新动向,结合数字经济因素分析数字时代下我国粮食贸易面临的机遇与挑战。研究发现,面对新时期我国粮食净进口地位日益凸显,交易对手极化以及国际环境动荡的形势下,充分运用数字经济,在调动国内生产力提升农业现代化的同时,建设高效而有韧性的粮食贸易体系,有助于构建多样化的粮食供给结构,提升我国粮食安全水平。

农产品贸易的绿色食品产业促进效应

加快绿色食品产业发展对提高优质农产品供给能力,促进农业可持续和农业现代化发展,满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要具有重要意义。本文基于2013—2019年我国31个省(区、市)的面板数据对绿色食品发展水平进行评价,探索农产品国际贸易对地区绿色食品发展水平的影响,考察农业省份和非农业省份的差异性。结果表明:农产品国际贸易水平,包括出口贸易水平,对绿色食品的发展具有显著的促进作用,即使叠加耕地不足或劳动力短缺,仍有显著正向影响;产业聚集度的增加能进一步促进农产品贸易的正向影响。据此提出提升农产品国际贸易水平、分类施策进行制度构建以及引导多元主体共同参与绿色食品发展等对策建议。

中国贝类进口特征、挑战及建议

作为中国重要贸易水产品之一,贝类的适度进口对满足居民优质动物蛋白需求和丰富膳食结构具有现实意义。应用2015—2022年中国海关数据,在分析中国贝类进口总体情况、产品结构和国别特征基础上,明晰未来贝类产品进口的机遇和挑战,并提出对策建议。研究发现:中国贝类进口规模虽呈明显增长态势,但出口规模仍远大于进口规模;进口产品以扇贝为主(达80%)、来源以日本为主(超75%);国内高端贝类产品供给不足、全面深化改革开放等有利于贝类进口;同时,贝类进口贸易存在冲击国内贝类产业、质量安全不达标、关税壁垒和检验检疫机制需畅通等一系列挑战。世界百年未有之大变局下,中国应保持贝类适度进口、增加高端贝类进口以满足居民消费升级需求,同时拓宽进口渠道、加强进口产品的品质监控、提升进口便利化,以分散进口风险和提升贸易效率。

网络食品交易第三方平台行政监管的反思与完善

目前中国已基本完成了以《食品安全法》《消费者权益保护法》《电子商务法》为主要脉络、以《食品安全法实施条例》《网络食品安全违法行为查处办法》《网络餐饮服务食品安全监督管理办法》《网络交易监督管理办法》为具体内容的网络食品交易第三方平台行政监管制度的建设,但在法院案件裁判过程中,仍然存在行政监管立法不完善、行政监管依据难以统一、行政监管方式相对单一的诉讼问题。因此,应对网络食品交易第三方平台的法律概念进行界定,在个案中采取利益衡量原则进行裁判,对第三方平台的法定义务内容进行细化,创新监管手段促进行政机关与第三方平台的有力协作,以此为路径,促进中国网络食品交易持续健康发展。

贸易便利化与种业科技创新对粮食安全的影响——基于65个UPOV成员国数据的实证分析

充分发挥贸易便利化在稳定全球供应链中的关键作用,激发种业科技创新活力,促进科技与农产品贸易深度对接,有利于提升国家粮食安全水平。基于2001—2021年65个UPOV成员国的面板数据,利用双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型,实证检验贸易便利化、种业科技创新对粮食安全的影响,同时立足收入水平、地理环境以及研发强度差异,探究贸易便利化以及贸易便利化与种业科技创新协同作用对粮食安全的异质性影响。研究发现,贸易便利化对粮食安全水平具有显著提升作用;贸易便利化能够通过种业科技创新的中介效应影响粮食安全,存在“贸易便利化—种业科技创新外部效应—粮食安全”“贸易便利化—种业科技创新竞争效应—粮食安全”的传导路径,且上述结论经过稳健性检验后仍然成立。贸易便利化以及贸易便利化与种业科技创新协同作用对粮食安全的影响因收入水平、地理环境以及研发强度不同而存在明显差异,具体表现为在中低收入国家、沿海国家以及低研发强度国家的促进效应更强。因此,应着力提升跨境贸易通关效率,提高贸易便利化水平;持续强化种业科技创新能力,营造优良技术研发环境;实施具有针对性的贸易便利化策略,助力粮食安全水平提升。

全球化背景下的食品贸易发展趋势与挑战

为深入探讨全球化背景下食品贸易的发展趋势及其面临的挑战。本文概述了全球化和食品贸易的基本概念,进而分析了全球化对食品贸易的多方面影响,通过审视技术创新、全球供应链整合、消费者行为变化及政策环境与国际规范演变等关键因素,揭示食品贸易在全球化推动下的新动态。同时指出食品贸易在全球化进程中存在着食品安全与质量控制、环境可持续性、跨国法规合规性以及国际贸易摩擦与保护主义倾向等问题,并提出相应的应对策略。

从国际粮食问题会议到世界贸易暨就业组织会议——中国与战后国际经济秩序的重建

盟国重建战后国际经济秩序的努力始于1943年国际粮食问题会议,其后又历经布雷顿森林会议、世界贸易暨就业组织会议,最终搭建了战后国际经济秩序的框架。从国际粮食问题会议起,中国参与了国际经济秩序重建的全过程。虽然并不具备足够的经济实力,但中国仍在若干重要规则上为发展中国家发声建言,尽可能为工业落后国家争取了一定的发展环境。很大程度上,中国在国际经济问题上的发言权得益于政治上的四强地位。