Early Detection of Lesions of Dorsal Artery of Foot in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by High-frequency Ultrasonography

This study evaluated the value of high-frequency ultrasonograpy for early detection of dorsal artery of foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （MD）. Eighty subjects including 40 patients with type 2 MD （T2DM group） and 40 healthy volunteers （NC group） were recruited. The intima-media thickness （IMT）, the inner diameter and the perfusion of dorsal artery of foot were measured by using high-frequency ultrasonograpy. Meanwhile, the parameters of vascular elasticity, including stiffness parameter （]3）, pressure-strain elastic modulus （Ep）, arterial compliance （AC）, augment index （AI）, and pulse wave conducting velocity （PWV]3） were detected by means of echo-tracking technique. The results showed that no significant difference was found in the IMT, systolic diameter （Ds）, diastolic diameter （Dd） and peak systolic velocity （PSV） between T2DM and NC groups. Ep and PWVβ were increased, and AC was decreased in T2DM group as compared with those in NC group with the differences being significant （P〈0.05 for all）. There was no significant difference in β and AI between T2DM and NC groups. It was concluded that high-frequency ultra- sonography in combination with echo-tracking technique is sensitive and non-invasive, and can be used for early detection of sclerosis of the lower extremity artery in patients with type 2 MD.

Improvement of breakdown characteristics of an A1GaN/GaN HEMT with a U-type gate foot for millimeter-wave power application

In this study, the physics-based device simulation tool Silvaco ATLAS is used to characterize the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a U-type gate foot. The U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT mainly features a gradually changed sidewall angle, which effectively mitigates the electric field in the channel, thus obtaining enhanced off-state breakdown characteristics. At the same time, only a small additional gate capacitance and decreased gate resistance ensure excellent RF characteristics for the U-gate device. U-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are feasible through adjusting the etching conditions of an inductively coupled plasma system, without introducing any extra process steps. The simulation results are confirmed by experimental measurements. These features indicate that U-gate A1GaN/GaN HEMTs might be promising candidates for use in millimeter-wave power applications.

Assessment of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (Grade I and II) at Nawabshah, Pakistan

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide, which needs exact identification and proper management. Aim of this study was to analyze the serum Mg (magnesium) level in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with grade I & II diabetic foot ulcers. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Medicine Department, PMCH Nawabshah from June 2015 to December 2016. A total of 110 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with foot ulcer patients, 51 with grade I and 59 with grade II out of total were included by purposive sampling. After consultation, subjects were categorized as gender, age, Type 2 DM and foot ulcer duration, foot ulcer grading and grouping for analyses. Wagner’s classification of diabetic foot ulcers used to analyze the data and blood samples were collected for research purpose in fasting state for serum Magnesium level analyses. Out of 110, 67 (65.5%) males and 43 (34.5%) females were reported with Type 2 diabetic patients. Hypomagnesaemia was reported in 59% patients out of total, 24 found with grade I and 38 found with grade II from the studied subjects. P value ≤0.000 was in the studied population in relation to hypomagnesaemia. In conclusion, Hypomagnesaemia is common in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with grade I & II foot ulcers. As the duration of Diabetes along with duration of diabetic foot ulcer in Grade I and II increases, the level of serum magnesium decreases. As the duration of Diabetes Mellitus increases, the severity of complications might also increase.

Clinical effect of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid on patients with type 2 diabetic foot of grade 0-2

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetic foot of grade 0-2.Methods:62 patients with diabetic foot from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into control group and external counterpulsation group according to different treatment schemes,31 cases in each group.The control group was given intravenous lipoic acid,and the external counterpulsation group was given external counterpulsation combined with intravenous lipoic acid.The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared,and the blood flow parameters,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity of the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group(93.54%)was significantly higher than that of the control group(48.38%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the vessel diameter of dorsalis pedis artery(2.552±0.024mm)and ankle brachial index(0.923±0.036)in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group(1.864±0.020)and ankle brachial index(0.843±0.030)(P<0.05).After the control group and the external counterpulsation group were treated,the levels of serum of VEGF,bFGF、IGF-1(85.479±4.239,148.27±14.25,62.33±3.75;94.163±8.917,200.88±14.58,81.35±1.08)was significantly higher than that before treatment(57.264±0.801,106.44±3.83,30.90±0.42;57.133±0.850,106.78±3.69,31.01±0.56),the levels of MMP-2(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)after treatment in the control group and the external counter stroke group after treatment(2.035±0.08,1.417±0.21)was significantly lower than that after treatment.The levels of VEGF,bFGF and IGF-1 in ECP group were significantly higher than those in control group,and MMP-2 was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of external counterpulsation combined with lipoic acid in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot with grade 0-2 is significant,which can effectively improve the blood flow parameters of dorsal foot artery,ankle brachial index and common peroneal nerve conduction velocity,with less adverse reactions.

Foot Care Practices among Type 2 Diabetics Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetes Clinics in Embu County, Kenya

Diabetes mellitus has become a global epidemic of 21st century with dispro- portionately high socioeconomic burden in the developing world. Foot ulcerations secondary to peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease have led to devastating health outcomes including amputations. A descriptive survey targeting a sample size of 301 was drawn from the selected health facility. Majority of the respondents were female and aged between 40 and 70 years old. The duration that a patient had lived with diabetes, history of smoking and respondents age was significantly associated with foot ulcers at P-value bare foot in and out of the house, breaking into new shoes, poor inspection of feet were associated with the development of foot ulcers while dressing of blisters with sterile dressings was associated with the prevention of foot ulcers.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of various botulinum toxin A doses and concentrations in spastic foot after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A （BTXA） injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we explored the safety and efficacy of two concentrations and two doses of BTXA in the treatment of spastic toot after stroke to optimize this treatment in these patients. Eligible patients （n = 104） were randomized into four groups. The triceps surae and tibialis posterior on the affected side were injected with BTXA at one of two doses （200 U or 400 U） and two concentrations （50 U/mL or 100 U/mL）. 2he following assessments were conducted before as well as 4 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment： spasticity, assessed using the modified Ashworth scale; basic functional mobility, assessed using a timed up and go test; pace, assessed using a 10-meter timed walking test; and the ability to walk, assessed using Holden＇s graded scale and a visual analog scale. The reported results are based on the 89 patients that completed the study. We found significant differences for the two doses and concentrations of BTXA to improve the ability of patients to walk independently, with the high-dose/low-concentration combination providing the best effect. Onset and duration of the ameliorating effects of BTXA were 4-7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus, BTXA effectively treated foot spasms after stroke at an optimal dose of 400 U and concentration of 50 U/mL.

The Effectiveness of Concept Mapping as an Educational Nursing Intervention Strategy to Handle Diabetic Foot: Integrative Review

Introduction: Concept map is used as a teaching strategy, where nursing uses this method often to learn more effectively and to be able to apply knowledge when working with diabetic patients. Objective: The aim of this review is to examine all the published articles related to the effectiveness of concept mapping as an educational nursing intervention strategy to handle diabetic foot from 2010-2019. Methodology: Integrative review design in reviewing pertaining literature. Key words related to research were used, database obtained from Cochrane library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest and Ovid databases were searched, covering the period 2010 to 2019. Other Studies were included if they were related to the effectiveness of concept mapping as an educational nursing intervention strategy to handle diabetic foot. Results: Reveled that concept mapping is a very crucial education tool for both nurses and patients. It is used by nurses to teach diabetic patients how to prevent diabetic foot ulcer, as well as to understand how to organize information and understand the facts. Conclusion: This review confirmed that there are growing confirming literatures about the application of concept maps as an effective nursing strategy. It that can be used by nurses and other health care professionals, to maintain healthy feet and prevent further complications such as bruises, cuts and sores.

西安地区3~6岁儿童脚型分类及特征规律分析

针对当前市场童鞋设计不合理和缺乏儿童脚型理论研究参考问题,本研究首先使用三维足部扫描仪获取到3~6岁的52名男童和71名女童三维脚型数据,进行儿童脚型特点和差异的对比分析;其次,采用相关性分析和主成分分析将26组多维指标降维处理至3个主成分:脚长因子、宽围因子和高度因子;然后,以提取的3个主成分作为分类标准进行H-K聚类分析,将儿童脚型分为3类:细瘦足、适中足、肥壮足,其中左脚细瘦足占比最多,右脚适中足占比最多;最后,将脚长尺寸标准化,发现儿童脚型存在显著的性别及左右脚差异.该研究结论可为童鞋设计和鞋楦三维数字化构建提供理论参考.

Effectiveness of a Self-Foot-Care Educational Program for Prevention of Diabetic Foot Disease

Objective: To verify the effectiveness of a “self-foot-care educational program (SFCEP)” for prevention of type 2 diabetes foot disease. Methods: A single-center, randomized and controlled trial was conducted. Fifty-five patients with type 2 DM, 40 - 75 years of age who were asked to return for a follow-up hospital visit, were allocated to either an SFCEP group (n = 29) or a conventional education program (CEP) group (n = 26). Both of the groups were given foot-care education, monthly for four times in the SFCEP group and in the CEP group one time only by a printed leaflet. The two groups had no statistically significant differences in patient background of the type 2 diabetes history. We evaluated removal rate of skin debris, and the symptoms and conditions of the feet. Results: Between the SFCEP and CEP there were significant differences in removal rate of skin debris (p Conclusion: This study strongly suggests the effectiveness of SFCEP in preventing the occurrence or worsening of diabetic foot diseases.

糖尿病足患者下肢动脉造影的特征性分析及其与Wagner分级的影响因素研究

目的探讨糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)患者下肢动脉造影的特征及其与Wagner分级的关系,明确DF患者下肢动脉病变的特点并拓展Wagner分级临床应用。方法纳入2016年1月至2022年10月住院的210例糖尿病患者,分为非糖尿病足组(NDF组,46例)和糖尿病足组(DF组,164例)。收集其一般临床资料、实验室检查结果及下肢动脉造影数据。结果与NDF组相比,DF组患者年龄较大,多合并高血脂、冠心病,糖尿病肾病患病率较高,糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平较高;DF组患者下肢血管狭窄率及闭塞率较高(P<0.05),膝下动脉的闭塞率(32.52%)明显高于膝上动脉的闭塞率(3.93%),膝下动脉的总累积率(54.27%)明显高于膝上动脉总累计率(40.85%)。与低级别Wagner分级组比较,高级别Wagner分级组膝下动脉的闭塞率较高(P<0.05)。结论DF患者下肢血管病变以膝下动脉闭塞为主,Wagner分级对DF患者下肢血管闭塞有一定的预测能力。

不合脚鞋类对青年女性足底压力分布的影响

以往鞋类合脚性研究主要集中在鞋楦尺寸与穿着者脚型尺寸吻合性方面,受个人脚型尺寸变化、穿鞋习惯及设计因素制约,高度匹配脚型的鞋类产品很难实现。有研究已证实了不合脚的鞋类是足部受压和皮肤摩擦的主要原因,同时也会造成行走姿态发生改变。为了进一步探讨鞋类合脚性与人体穿着行走的影响,尤其是与足底压力分布的关系,研究设计了不同尺码的实验样鞋,通过问卷调查询问了9名实验对象穿鞋合脚性的主观感受,并进一步使用X光机确认实验对象足部与鞋类的匹配状态,使用Footscan足底压力平板采集实验对象在鞋偏小、偏大和合脚三种状态下的足底压力峰值和足底压力中心轨迹,结果发现:鞋类尺寸发生变化时,足底压力峰值和足底压力中心轨迹均发生改变,在鞋偏小状态、偏大状态与合脚状态相比,足部脚趾、第一跖趾关节,第五跖趾关节、足弓和足跟部位的足底压力峰值存在显著差异(p<0.05)。鞋类尺寸变化显著影响足底压力的分布。

糖尿病足感染患者外周血miR-155及miR-132表达水平及其与下肢血管病变程度的关系分析

目的:探究糖尿病足(DF)感染患者外周血miR-155及miR-132表达水平及其与下肢血管病变程度的关系。方法:选取2020年6月至2023年6月于我院就诊的62例单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者,纳入T2DM组,选取同期于我院就诊的93例T2DM合并DF感染患者,纳入DF感染组。比较两组患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平,分析DF感染患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平与临床特征之间的关系。根据泛大西洋学会联盟(TASC)分级标准将DF感染患者A级、B级、C级、D级,比较不同下肢血管病变程度DF感染患者外周血miR-155、miR-132水平,采用Spearman法分析外周血miR-155、miR-132与下肢血管病变程度的相关性。结果:DF感染组miR-155水平高于T2DM组,miR-132水平低于T2DM组(P均<0.05);miR-155高表达组DF溃疡病程、创面面积、Wagner分级IV级占比大于低表达组,而miR-132高表达组DF病程、创面面积、Wagner分级IV级占比小于低表达组,8周后DF溃疡愈合率大于低表达组(P均<0.05);A级至D级DF感染患者miR-155水平依次升高,而miR-132水平依次降低(P均<0.05);Spearman分析显示,miR-155表达水平与下肢血管病变程度呈正相关,而miR-132表达水平与下肢血管病变程度呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论:DF感染患者外周血miR-155高表达,与下肢血管病变程度呈正相关,miR-132低表达,与下肢血管病变程度呈负相关。

穴位注射结合四妙勇安汤辅助治疗糖尿病足溃疡临床效果观察

目的:探讨穴位注射维生素B1结合四妙勇安汤辅助治疗糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)的临床疗效。方法:选取2021年10月-2023年2月我院收治的湿热毒盛型DFU患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组各48例,对照组给予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予穴位注射结合四妙勇安汤治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的临床疗效、中医证候评分、踝肱指数及创面情况(创面面积、创面深度),血清炎症指标(超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α)、超声检查指标(足背动脉的血流速度、血管内径、阻力指数),血管内皮功能(血管内皮生长因子及血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子)及复发率。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为91.67%,显著高于对照组的77.08%(P <0.05);治疗后两组中医证候评分、血清炎症指标、创面面积、创面深度均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P <0.05);两组治疗后血清血管内皮生长因子、血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平、踝肱指数及各超声检查指标均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组复发率10.42%低于对照组的27.08%(P<0.05)。结论:穴位注射维生素B1结合四妙勇安汤辅助治疗湿热毒盛型DFU患者临床疗效显著。

基于现代文献的糖尿病足中医证候及证素分布研究

目的:通过对现代文献的研究探讨糖尿病足(DF)的中医证候、证候要素分布特征及组合规律。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普及中国生物医学文献数据库建库以来至2023年12月收录的糖尿病足中医临床相关文献,提取符合纳排标准文献中的中医证候、证候要素信息,建立数据库,通过Excel软件对文献数据进行统计分析。结果:共纳入76篇文献,整理后规范证名得到57种中医证候,证候总频次为10035次,最常见的DF中医证候类型为瘀血阻络、气阴两虚、湿热毒盛、气血两虚、气阴两虚血瘀等;涉及8种病位证素,其中脉络、筋(肉)、肾、脾、肝为最常见的病位证素;涉及11种病性证素,其中实性证素共7个:瘀>热>湿>毒>寒>气滞>痰,总计占比为60.90%;虚性证素共4个:气虚>阴虚>血虚>阳虚,总计占比为39.10%;证素组合形式以两证素组合出现的频次最高,占总数的61.83%。结论:DF中医证候复杂,病位主要在脉络,与肾、脾、肝三脏有密切关联,病性为本虚标实,以气虚、阴虚为本,瘀热湿毒为标,证素组合形式复杂,多种证候要素常相兼致病。

常见临床指标与糖尿病足溃疡的相关性分析

目的 通过横断面研究探索常见临床指标与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者并发糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)情况之间的关系,为临床DFU的监测、预后评估等提供参考指标。方法 以昆明医科大学第二附属医院内分泌科2021年6月至2023年6月收治的115例T2DM患者为研究对象,根据是否合并DFU分为A组(合并DFU)和B组(不合并DFU),再将A组患者根据Wagner分级分为A1组(Wagner0-1级)、A2组(Wagner2-3级)、A3组(Wagner4级)。比较各组患者一般资料及血压、血糖、血脂等常见临床指标的差异,探究DFU与上述指标的相关性。结果 A组患者糖尿病病程、D-二聚体(DD)、收缩压值等指标大于B组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),其中DD是T2DM患者发生DFU的主要危险因素。DFU患者的DM病程与年龄成正相关(r> 0,P <0.05),与空腹血糖(FPG)水平、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)水平成负相关(r <0,P <0.05)。A1、A2 2组的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)均小于A3组,A1组的中性粒细胞、白细胞水平小于A3组,A1组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)大于A2组,差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 DD、收缩压是DFU发生的主要危险因素,DD与DFU的联系密切。年龄越大的T2DM患者DFU发病越晚;血糖控制越差,DFU发病越早。HDL-C是T2DM患者周围血管病变的保护因素。

己酮可可碱腹腔注射对1型糖尿病小鼠足溃疡的改善作用及其机制

目的观察己酮可可碱腹腔注射对1型糖尿病(T1DM)小鼠足溃疡的改善作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法18只健康雄性SPF级小鼠随机分成3组:模型组、己酮可可碱组和贝复济组,每组6只。3组小鼠均制备T1DM足溃疡模型。制备成功后,己酮可可碱组小鼠腹腔注射己酮可可碱连续14 d,贝复济组小鼠外喷贝复济连续14 d,模型组小鼠外用50%乙醇溶液连续14 d。取各组小鼠,在制备T1DM足溃疡模型当天和药物干预14 d时分别拍摄足溃疡创面处照片,计算创面愈合率。取各组小鼠,用血糖仪与医用血糖试纸检测尾静脉血FPG。取各组小鼠足溃疡处皮损组织,采用免疫荧光法测算皮损组织中中性粒细胞数量(以MPO阳性细胞数表示),采用免疫组化法测算皮损组织中NETs形成标志物Cit-H3阳性细胞占比,采用免疫荧光法评估皮损组织中NETs释放情况(以MPO+NE双阳性细胞数表示),采用ELISA法检测皮损组织中NETs相关标志物MPO、NE、LL37,采用流式细胞法检测皮损组织中ROS,采用Western blot法检测皮损组织中p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白。结果己酮可可碱组和贝复济组小鼠,足溃疡创面愈合率均高于模型组(P均<0.05)FPG水平、皮损组织中中性粒细胞数均低于模型组。己酮可可碱组和贝复济组小鼠皮损组织中Cit-H3阳性细胞占比、MPO+NE双阳性细胞数、ROS荧光强度和皮损组织中MPO、NE、LL37水平均低于模型组,且己酮可可碱组低于贝复济组(P均<0.05)。己酮可可碱组皮损组织中p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量均高于模型组(P均<0.05),贝复济组皮损组织中p-p38 MAPK、p-ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量均高于模型组(P均<0.05),且己酮可可碱组皮损组织中p-p38 MAPK、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量均高于贝复济组(P均<0.05)。结论己酮可可碱腹腔注射可显著改善T1DM小鼠的足溃疡,其作用机制可能与降低FPG水平和中性粒细胞数、抑制NETs形成和释放、抑制ROS生成、激活p38MAPK/ERK信号通路有关。

2022年达州市家畜O型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为准确掌握2022年达州市家畜O型口蹄疫(Foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)免疫效果,从辖区180个场(点)随机采集猪、牛和羊血清2 879份,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行O型FMD免疫抗体检测。结果显示,家畜O型FMD免疫抗体场(点)阳性率为88.89%,样品阳性率为88.78%,均达到农业农村部规定标准。在不同种类家畜方面,牛场(点)阳性率和样品阳性率均最高,分别为93.94%和93.41%;在场(点)类型方面,屠宰环节的场(点)阳性率显著低于养殖环节(P<0.05),规模场(存栏量≥500头/只)的场(点)阳性率、样品阳性率均高于适度规模场(存栏量<500头/只)和散养户;在不同区域方面,通川区场(点)阳性率和样品阳性率均最高,渠县最低;在不同季节方面,场(点)阳性率最高为夏季(92.31%),而样品阳性率最高为冬季(90.76%);从不同生长阶段来看,种畜场(点)阳性率和样品阳性率均最高,分别为96.72%和92.62%。监测结果表明,达州市家畜O型FMD免疫效果较好,建立了有效的免疫保护屏障,可为进一步做好FMD科学防控提供数据参考。

北京市某社区2型糖尿病患者足部护理知识与行为状况调查及影响因素分析

目的调查北京市新街口社区2型糖尿病患者足部护理知识与行为状况并分析其影响因素。方法采用方便取样法选取北京市新街口社区的278例糖尿病患者进行问卷调查,调查内容包括患者的一般资料、足部护理知识和行为。结果278例患者的足部护理知识平均得分为(71.65±14.59)分,整体处于中等水平,足部护理行为平均得分为(48.83±8.83)分,整体处于较差水平。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,性别、病程、是否接受过足部护理教育均为社区糖尿病患者足部护理知识得分、足部护理行为得分的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,社区糖尿病患者足部护理知识与足部护理行为呈正相关(r=0.593,P<0.001)。结论北京市该社区糖尿病患者足部护理知识水平中等,足部护理行为状况不容乐观。社区医护人员应加强足部护理健康教育,提升患者的足部护理知识水平和足部护理行为依从性,同时应关注男性、病程较短的糖尿病患者,以减少糖尿病足的发生。

2017-2023年眉县猪、牛和羊O型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为获知近年来眉县猪、牛和羊口蹄疫的免疫情况,对2017-2023年间全县8个镇(街)共7059份猪、牛和羊血清样品进行抗体检测,并从不同年份、不同季节、不同区域等角度对当地口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率进行比较分析。结果显示,2017-2023年眉县全域猪、牛和羊的口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率均高于70%。其中,牛和羊O型口蹄疫的免疫抗体合格率最高达100%且保持稳定,而猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率在个别镇(街)较低,低至45%,说明该县近7年间猪、牛和羊口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率总体达到农业农村部的标准(>70%),但针对猪应立即调整现行的免疫流程,加强集中免疫和日常补充免疫,以建立起县域有效的动物免疫保护屏障,确保养殖业健康发展。

基于三维扫描的男大学生脚型参数提取与分类

为了提高鞋子穿着的合体性和舒适性,准确掌握青年男大学生脚型的三维特征,采用三维激光脚型扫描仪对437名青年男大学生进行测试。分别对脚长、跖趾围长、足弓高度等19个原始测量指标进行统计学分析、因子分析,并采用K-means聚类分析实现脚型细分。结果表明:描述脚型高度维度的指标变异较大,长度维度的变异较小;通过因子分析提取出长度特征因子、宽度特征因子、高度特征因子、其他特征因子4个主成分,并根据因子权重值,提取脚长、跖趾围长、足弓高度3个变量作为脚型分类标准,采用K-means聚类算法将青年男大学生的脚型细分为短瘦低足弓型、长中低足弓型、短瘦高足弓型、长胖低足弓型、短瘦中足弓型、长胖高足弓型、中胖高足弓型7种类型。实验结果可以为制鞋企业生产舒适合体的鞋子提供理论依据。