Most studies that have examined mercury （Hg） contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web ar...Most studies that have examined mercury （Hg） contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web are rare. We conducted a survey of Hg contamination in three species of forage fish, brook silverside （Labidesthes sicculus）, threadfin shad （Dorosoma petenense） and gizzard shad （Dorosoma cepedianum）, from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA and found species-specific differences in Hg concentrations. We examined total length, age, trophic position （determined using δ15N）, and growth rate of forage fish as factors that could have influenced within-and between-species differences in Hg concentration. Total length and age were the best predictors of within-species differences in Hg concentration. Between-species differences in Hg concentrations were most strongly influenced by trophic position.展开更多
Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues...Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial fisheries.In addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone species.We employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage species.Working with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(SES)in the Northeast Pacific.We then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring SES.Our objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the Pacific.With this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries management.Our participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full SES,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.展开更多
文摘Most studies that have examined mercury （Hg） contamination of fish have focused on game species feeding near the top of the food web, while studies that examine forage fish that feed near the base of the food web are rare. We conducted a survey of Hg contamination in three species of forage fish, brook silverside （Labidesthes sicculus）, threadfin shad （Dorosoma petenense） and gizzard shad （Dorosoma cepedianum）, from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA and found species-specific differences in Hg concentrations. We examined total length, age, trophic position （determined using δ15N）, and growth rate of forage fish as factors that could have influenced within-and between-species differences in Hg concentration. Total length and age were the best predictors of within-species differences in Hg concentration. Between-species differences in Hg concentrations were most strongly influenced by trophic position.
基金We deeply appreciate the lively participation of the 118 participants in the Pacific Herring Summit(http://oceanmodelingforum.o r g/wp-content/up-loads/2015/07/Summit-Final-Attendee-List.pdf).Their thoughtful comments and passion for Pacific Herring inspired this study.We thank the David and Lucille Packard Foundation,the Pew Charitable Trusts and The Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans for sponsoring the Pacific Herring Summit.TF was sup-ported by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation during the writing of this manuscript.The graphic of the Herring social-ecological system was illustrated by Sam Bradd.PSL thanks C.Sativus inspirational production.
文摘Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has intensified.Pacific Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial fisheries.In addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone species.We employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage species.Working with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(SES)in the Northeast Pacific.We then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring SES.Our objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the Pacific.With this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries management.Our participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full SES,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.
