Enhancing force sensing in a squeezed optomechanical system with quantum nondemolition measurement

A theoretical scheme is proposed to enhance the sensitivity of force sensors with quantum nondemolition measurement(QND)in an optomechanical setup assisted by four-tone optical driving and an optical parametric amplifier(OPA).With the help of special drive,the system can be simplified as the typical type of QND for force sensing,so that the backaction noise can be evaded to surpass the standard quantum limit.Besides,the added noise can be suppressed owing to the modified optical susceptibility resulting from the OPA.By introducing two oscillators coupling with two charged bodies respectively,the signal can be enhanced with the nonlinearity caused by Coulomb interaction,while the noise presents an exponential decrease.Moreover,considering the homodyne detection effect,the range of system parameters and frequency bands will be broadened.The present investigation may provide a route toward simultaneously evading backaction noise,reducing the mechanical thermal noise,and enhancing the external signal,which can be an alternative design for sensitive devices.

Carbon Dots Intensified Mechanochemiluminescence from Waterborne Polyurethanes as Tunable Force Sensing Materials

1,2-Dioxetane is a well-known chemiluminescent mechanophore allowing real-time monitoring of polymer chain scission,but usually suffers from fluorescence quenching in polar environments.Herein,a series of mechanochemiluminescent waterborne polyurethanes/carbon dots composites(WPU-CDs)have been synthesized by incorporating fluorescent CDs to promote the energy transfer process in different environments.The resulting bulk WPUs,and in particular,their swollen films filled with a large amount of polar solvents(water and ionic liquid)emit intense mechanochemiluminescence.Thus force-induced covalent bond scission and stress distribution within these different WPU-CDs films can be sensitively visualized.Furthermore,the ionic liquid containing films exhibited both electrical and luminescent signal changes under stretching,which offer a new kind of force sensor responsive at a broad detecting strain range and for multi-mode strain analysis.This study is expected to stimulate new research endeavors in mechanistic insight on waterborne polyurethanes and the corresponding stretchable sensing devices.

Enhancing optomechanical force sensing via precooling and quantum noise cancellation

We theoretically investigate optomechanical force sensing via precooling and quantum noise cancellation in two coupled cavity optomechanical systems.We show that force sensing based on the reduction of noise can be used to dramatically enhance the force sensing and that the precooling process can eifectively improve the quantum noise cancellation.Specifically,we examine the effect of optomechanical cooling and noise reduction on the spectral density of the noise of the force measurement;these processes can significantly enhance the performance of optomechanical force sensing,and setting up the system in the resolved sideband regime can lead to an optimization of the cooling processes in a hybrid system.Such a scheme serves as a promising platform for quantum back-action-evading measurements of the motion and a framework for an optomechanical force sensor.

Inflection point identifying of weld seam based on force sensing in tele-teaching

Weld seam inflection points are inevitable in tele-teaching process on many welding occasions. The inflection points identified accurately is one of the prerequisites of ensuring tele-teaching precision. On the basis of the inflection point characters, the concept of inflection point direction coefficient is proposed, the human-simulation intelligent control model of inflection point is established. The algorithms above, the inflection point identifying of box workpiece can be well performed. The experimental results show that the identifying average error of inflection point can be reduced to less than O. 5 mm by using optimal treatment of robot off-line programming system. The identifying control can automatically identify weld seam inflection points which can meet tele-teaching requirements.

Research and test of the measurement sensing device for the downforce of no-till planter row unit gauge wheels

To effectively obtain the downforce of the gauge wheels in real time,mechanical models of the interaction among the ground,gauge wheels,gauge wheel arms,and depth adjustment lever were constructed.A measuring method was proposed for monitoring the downforce through a two-dimensional radial sensing device,and a corresponding prototype was designed.Through simulation analysis of the sensing device with ANSYS,a 45°angle was determined to exist between the strain gauge axis and the sensing device axis,and the Wheatstone bridging circuit of R1+R3−R5−R7(R stands for resistance strain gauge,different figures represent the strain gauge number)and R2+R4−R6−R8 was adopted.According to performance and calibration tests for the sensing device,the maximum interaction effect between the X and Y axes was 2.52%,and the output signal was stable and consistent.The standard error of the slope of the fitting equation of the downforce calculation model is 0.008.According to the field test,the average downforce of the gauge wheels was 1148,1017,843,and 713 N,at different sowing speeds of 6,8,10,and 12 km/h,respectively.The coefficients of variation were 0.40,0.41,0.62,and 0.71,respectively.The results indicate that the downforce fluctuation of the gauge wheels became more severe with increasing planting speed.Both the strain simulation analysis and field test verified that the measurement method is accurate and reliable,the performance of the sensing device is stable,the measurement method and sensing device meet the application requirements and lay a foundation for the research of accurate and stable control of downforce of no-till planter.

Progress in Force-Sensing Techniques for Surgical Robots

Force sensing is vital for situational awareness and safe interaction during minimally invasive surgery.Consequently,surgical robots with integrated force-sensing techniques ensure precise and safe operations.Over the past few decades,there has been considerable progress in force-sensing techniques for surgical robots.This review summarizes the existing electrically-and optically-based force sensors for surgical robots,including piezoresistive,piezoelectric,capacitive,intensity/phase-modulated,andfiber Bragg gratings.Their principles,applications,advantages,and limitations are also discussed.Finally,we summarize our conclusions regarding state-of-the-art force-sensing technologies for surgical robotics.

Tough,conductive hydrogels with double-network based on hydrophilic polymer assistant well-dispersed carbon nanotube for innovative force sensor

In recent years,conductive hydrogels have become a promising candidate for application in fields such as tissue engineering and flexible electronic devices because of their conductivity,soft and wet nature.However,the preparation of tough and uniformly conductive hydrogels remains challenging because conductive nanofillers tend to aggregate during hydrogel formation.Herein,a hydrophilic polymer assistant dispersion strategy is proposed to fabricate a tough,conductive composite hydrogel with doublenetwork based on well-dispersed carbon nanotubes(CNTs).In particular,A@T_(2.0)/polyacrylamide(PAM)hydrogels showed a tensile strength of 332.9 kPa,elongation of 584.6%,Young’s modulus of 91.5 kPa,and conductivity of 2.765 S m^(-1),and a demonstration was performed to show the strain sensing for health monitoring and handwriting.Results showed that the fabricated conductive hydrogels offer promising and broad insights in the field of wearable sensors for health monitoring,innovative electronics,and human-machine interactions.

The Merits of Passive Compliant Joints in Legged Locomotion： Fast Learning, Superior Energy Efficiency and Versatile Sensing in a Quadruped Robot

A quadruped robot with four actuated hip joints and four passive highly compliant knee joints is used to demonstrate the potential of underactuation from two standpoints： learning locomotion and perception. First, we show that： （i） forward locomotion on flat ground can be learned rapidly （minutes of optimization time）; （ii） a simulation study reveals that a passive knee configuration leads to faster, more stable, and more efficient locomotion than a variant of the robot with active knees; （iii） the robot is capable of learning turning gaits as well. The merits of underactuation （reduced controller complexity, weight, and energy consumption） are thus preserved without compromising the versatility of behavior. Direct optimization on the reduced space of active joints leads to effective learning of model-free controllers. Second, we find passive compliant joints with po- tentiometers to effectively complement inertial sensors in a velocity estimation task and to outperform inertial and pressure sensors in a terrain detection task. Encoders on passive compliant joints thus constitute a cheap and compact but powerful sensing device that gauges joint position and force/torque, and -- if mounted more distally than the last actuated joints in a legged robot -- it delivers valuable information about the interaction of the robot with the ground.

Advances in tissue state recognition in spinal surgery:a review

Spinal disease is an important cause of cervical discomfort,low back pain,radiating pain in the limbs,and neurogenic intermittent claudication,and its incidence is increasing annually.From the etiological viewpoint,these symptoms are directly caused by the compression of the spinal cord,nerve roots,and blood vessels and are most effectively treated with surgery.Spinal surgeries are primarily performed using two different techniques:spinal canal decompression and internal fixation.In the past,tactile sensation was the primary method used by surgeons to understand the state of the tissue within the operating area.However,this method has several disadvantages because of its subjectivity.Therefore,it has become the focus of spinal surgery research so as to strengthen the objectivity of tissue state recognition,improve the accuracy of safe area location,and avoid surgical injury to tissues.Aside from traditional imaging methods,surgical sensing techniques based on force,bioelectrical impedance,and other methods have been gradually developed and tested in the clinical setting.This article reviews the progress of different tissue state recognition methods in spinal surgery and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages.