China's foreign aid for global poverty alleviation:artemisinin-based combination therapies against malaria in Togo

From providing funds for the global fight against infectious diseases,to actively participating in global health security actions,to strengthening mutual cooperation in the field of health,and providing medical treatment,training and scholarships to countries in need,China’s foreign aid on global poverty alleviation is increasingly diversified and expanding in scale.Indeed,China is playing an increasingly important leading role in the global health agenda.It is worth mentioning that over the years,artemisinin compound have saved millions of lives all over the world,especially in poverty-stricken areas.China’s work mode of malaria elimination has also been written into WHO’s technical documents and recommended to other countries.Since 2007,Chinese medical staff has carried out the Artemisinin Compound Malaria Control Project in Comoros,bringing Chinese prevention and treatment programs to the local area.By 2014,Comoros had achieved zero deaths from malaria,and the number of cases had dropped by 98%.Now,this program is also extended to Togo,another African country.This article preliminarily summarizes the malaria profile in Togo and introduces China-Togo Cooperative Artemisinin Malaria Control Demonstration Project to provide a reference for better anti-malaria assistance in Togo,and also shows one of the substantive actions of China’s participation in global health governance,which contributes Chinese wisdom and offers Chinese solutions to global poverty alleviation.

Invigorating foreign aid administration:remittances’strategy,pro-poor and gender focus

Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.

Electoral Authoritarianism in Togo: How Has Foreign Aid Impacted the Democratization Process in Togo From 2005 to 2010?

After four decades of military dictatorship,Togo is still facing a dilemma of whether to break with the past and take a path of democratization or make changes in the continuity.The death of the former President Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005 was seen by the Togolese community at home and around the world as a window of opportunity or a step toward the emergence of the political liberalization in the country.Unfortunately,with the backing of the Togolese army,Faure Gnassingbe,one of the sons of Eyadema,was enthroned as the country’s new President since 2005.The international economic sanctions on Togo in the aftermath of the death of Eyadema,due to continuing human rights abuses and violations by the authoritarian regime,have accentuated the already acute suffering and poverty of the Togolese population.However,the 2006 Global Political Agreement reached between the traditional political opposition parties and the government paved the way to the normalization of the international cooperation with Togo and hence the lifting of economic sanctions by the international community.Drawing from Solow-Swan growth model and a cross-national causality test of the development-democracy-growth hypothesis of Abbas Pourgerami,this paper investigates the impact of foreign aid on the democratization process since 2005 and argues that foreign aid played a paramount role in consolidating electoral authoritarianism instead of establishing a viable democracy in Togo.

Institutional Quality,Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Recipient Countries

Foreign aid is an important aspect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)for enhancing two-way cooperation with BRI countries. Based on the panel data of China’sforeign aid over the period 2000-2014, this paper employs the Worldwide GovernanceIndicators (WGI) to conduct an empirical study on the economic growth effects of China’sforeign aid and recipient countries’ institutional quality with the endogeneity of aid takeninto account. Results of our empirical study suggest that (i) China’s foreign aid, especiallyinfrastructure aid, can effectively promote economic growth in recipient countries;(ii)sound institutional development offers an important assurance for economic growth inrecipient countries;(iii) sample-specific regression reveals that the institutional quality ofrecipient countries can significantly influence the economic growth effects of China’s foreignaid, especially economic infrastructure aid for recipient countries in Asia and Europe.To improve aid effectiveness and quality, China needs to improve aid structure, superviseaid program implementation, and mitigate the impact of institutional risks in recipientcountries.

A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances and Foreign Aid on Human Capital Growth and Brain Drain in Africa

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data were collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.

The Catastrophe of Corruption in the Sustainability of Foreign aid:A Prediction of Artificial Neural Network Method in Indonesia

The rising corruption levels in Indonesia are becoming a cause for concern and raise doubts about their impact on the stability of foreign aid in the country.Therefore,this study aims to predict the long-term viability of foreign aid in Indonesia based on international perceptions of corruption and corruption cases in the country.Data were obtained from World Governance Indicators,the Indonesian Ministry of Finance,and the World Bank,and the study used a backpropagation artificial neural network(ANN)for prediction.The results from ANN are compared to linear models and vector autoregression(VAR).The finding shows that ANN outperforms the other models based on the coefficient of determination and MSE values.Furthermore,it highlights the strong relationship between corruption perception and foreign aid sustainability with an R-value of 0.991.According to the ANN estimation,gratification has a significant impact on foreign aid.In response to this finding,the study recommends the Indonesian government take action to combat corruption in maintaining the international trust and ensuring the stability of foreign aid.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Diplomacy through Foreign Aid: Dynamics, Objectives and Mode

Economic diplomacy is an important part of a country’s overall diplomacy,and foreign aid is an essential tool in a country’s economic diplomacy.With the accumulation of wealth,Saudi Arabia uses its petrodollars to carry out economic diplomacy,and by increasing the amount of aid and expanding aid targets,it achieves multiple goals.This article analyzes the policy objectives of Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid from the perspectives of political,economic and religious dynamics,and reviews the main models in this field,namely,strategic foreign aid,development-oriented foreign aid and humanitarian foreign aid.The author believes that Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid is double-sided.On the one hand,it actively implements the development goals of South-South cooperation and contributes to the promotion of global economic recovery and development;on the other hand,it promotes Wahhabi expansion and development,bringing certain threats to the world’s traditional security.However,since 2015,the Saudi government has begun to control,regulate,and minimize religious promotion to reduce certain threats that Wahhabism has generated.

China’s Foreign Aid to the Middle East:History and Development

As one of the important components of China’s Middle East diplomacy and overall foreign aid,Middle East states have received aid from China since 1954.While the research in this regard is fragmented to a certain extent,the problem of interpretation has become more and more controversial.This paper attempts to review the history of China’s aid to Middle East states through the integration of research data,through three stages of division and analysis of typical forms of aid.This paper finds that the medical teams of foreign aid sent by China in the 1960s and the labour export in the 1970s were developed from the practice of China’s aid to the Middle East states and then extended to other regions.In the early 21st century,China further strengthened its technological cooperation and human resources development cooperation with Middle East states in the new era of rising economic status.This article finds complexities in the role of Middle East states in the field of international aid and the dynamic changes in actual aid needs,due to the lack of authoritative information on relevant regions,total amount of country aid and the amount of funds for each type of aid,as well as the deviations in definitions of‘aid’at home and abroad,which has limited Chinese literature on aid to the Middle East.

Foreign Aid and Externality—A Perspective from China

The study conducted here is an attempt to answer the questions of where China stands as a recipient,what multilateral and bilateral aid has brought to China,and why.For the convenience of discussion,I shall concentrate on:The period after 1979 when China started its economic reformOfficial Development Assistance (ODA) commitments and types of flows,andThe OECD figures.

The International Political Significance of Chinese and US Foreign Aid： As Seen in United Nations General Assembly Voting

中国的快速发展对中美关系和现有国际秩序的影响，是当今国际关系研究的重要理论命题。通过实证研究，从对外援助的视角考察中国是否以及如何影响美国利用其对外援助在联合国大会“买投票”的效果，可以发现中国外援通过外交政策偏好机制、脆弱性机制和可信性机制降低了美国外援对联合国大会投票的操控能力。但这并不是中国的主观战略选择，而是中国经济发展的客观结果。以中美外援在国际政治中的博弈为切入点，直面中美之间真实存在的结构性矛盾和竞争，不仅有助于理解中国在未来发展道路上将遇到的困难和阻碍，也有助于理解对中美关系进行风险管控的必要性和艰巨性。

新时代高等职业院校对外援助实践模式研究

高等职业院校是新时代我国开展高等职业教育对外援助的实践主体,发挥着核心作用。基于我国对外援助方式和管理体制创新的新变化和新要求,从政策层面、理论层面、实践层面三个维度构建对新时代高等职业院校对外援助实践的逻辑认知,通过对高等职业院校对外援助实践典型模式和关键性问题的剖析,探析符合新时代发展要求的高等职业院校对外援助实践模式,并根据国家关于“精准援助”的工作要求提出相应策略和建议,为高等职业院校在新时代高质量“走出去”提供理论支撑与实践参考。

援外医疗队员保持身心健康的实践与体会——以第六批援多米尼克中国医疗队为例

援外医疗工作是一项艰苦而光荣的任务。援外医疗队员在经济社会发展落后、医疗卫生条件艰苦、语言文化不同的异国他乡面临着诸多影响身心健康的因素,给援外医疗工作和生活带来挑战。针对生活环境、文化差异、工作压力、思亲之苦等因素对援外医疗队员身心健康造成的不利影响,以第六批援多米尼克中国医疗队工作生活实践为例,积极思考并探索保持援外医疗队员身心健康的具体措施,从而为援外医疗队员今后更好地开展工作提供有价值的参考和指引。

基于ITSA模型的浙江省世界银行贷款千岛湖项目成效分析

针对国家级战略规划《千岛湖及新安江上游流域水资源与生态环境保护综合规划》的出台,浙江省于2018年11月启动了世界银行贷款浙江千岛湖及新安江流域水资源与生态环境保护项目。为评估该项目对千岛湖水资源的阶段性保护成效,本文采用中断时间序列分析ITSA模型进行定量分析,研究千岛湖项目与千岛湖水基金协同执行2年之后的治理成效。研究结论显示,千岛湖部分水质指标的改善已进入瓶颈期,要获得水质的进一步提升,仍需继续加大科技投入,除提升上游来水水质外,还要从提升水环境治理的科技水平、治理广度与深度等方面着手,才能获得更大突破。

新形势下我国对外科技援助的发展及优化思考

对外科技援助已逐渐成为我国对外援助以及科技理念推广的重要手段。近10年来,我国政府主导的对外科技援助工作逐步完善并形成体系,取得了切实的成果成效。在回顾对外科技援助的演变历程和政策举措的基础上,分析近10年来对外科技援助工作的特点,归纳总结所取得的成效经验,并据此提出对未来科技援外工作的优化建议。

中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队中医药传播效果评价研究

目的综合评价中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队中医药传播效果。方法应用国际传播“能力-效力型”效果评估框架,结合医疗队工作情况,从传播能力与传播效力两个维度综合评价医疗队中医药传播效果。传播能力维度,根据医疗队在柬埔寨工作一年的业务数据资料,评价医疗队中医药传播宏观表现。传播效力维度,根据国际传播效果评估理论,设计包含知识、态度、行为、满意度四个方面的传播效力调查问卷,面向柬埔寨当地民众发放,共发放问卷500份,有效回收388份,有效回收率77.6%。使用配对样本t检验分析医疗队在柬埔寨工作前后受众在中医药知识、态度、行为方面的变化。结合满意度评价,分析援外医疗队中医药传播微观效果。结果传播能力方面,中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队传播基础佳、传播渠道广、传播覆盖率高、受众粘性好。传播效力方面,受众对中医药的知识、态度、行为在医疗队工作前后均发生显著变化(P<0.01),满意度得分为4.227分。

《对外关系法》背景下我国体育对外援助的规制完善

体育对外援助是我国对外交流的重要组成部分,基于管理、规范等需求在多年的实践中产生了一系列针对体育对外援助的规制。本研究通过考察当前我国体育对外援助规制的现状,认为我国体育对外援助存在着规制手段失衡、规制法律缺位、规制能力不足等问题。《对外关系法》作为我国发展对外关系的基础性法律,其颁布与施行为体育对外援助规制确定了新理念、新框架和新任务,也为解决上述问题提供了指引。在此背景下,我国体育对外援助需回应《对外关系法》的要求完善规制:以构建人类命运共同体理念为指引,更新体育对外援助的规制手段;以《对外关系法》为依据,健全体育对外援助规范;以深化拓展为任务,提升体育对外援助的规制能力。

中国对外援助话语的共情修辞机制及效果探究

共情修辞可被视作推动国际传播的重要路径之一。中国对外援助话语包含了诸多共情修辞印记,契合了情感共情、认知共情和共情意动的共情逻辑,经历了从文化认同到情感认同再到理念认同的过程。研究发现,在共情效果方面,受众与修辞者的共情水平并未表现出一致性,相反,面对修辞者持续高水平的共情,受众情感呈现出周期性波动。受国际话语博弈和“泛媒化”景观的影响,援助国和受援国在修辞者和受众的身份中呈现出复杂的多样性,带动了修辞传播中共情效果的折变。在对外援助语境下,内化共情修辞机制的话语体系建设是实现外部认同和提升援助效果的关键。

中国对外医疗援助研究可视化分析

目的:梳理近40年来对外医疗援助的研究主体、研究现状、研究热点及发展趋势等,为后续研究提供参考。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang)、维普数据库(CQVIP)自建库至2023年12月收录的关于对外医疗援助研究的所有文献。采用NoteExpressV3.6、CiteSpace6.1.R2、Alluvial Generator等软件进行特征分析。结果:经筛选,共纳入580篇文献,年发文量及年累计发文量总体呈上升趋势;作者合作网络图谱共纳入599位,核心作者140名;关键词聚类等显示对外医疗援助研究热点主要集中在国际合作、卫生健康、心理健康等方面。结论:通过可视化知识图谱分析可直观了解1980年以来关于对外医疗援助研究的阶段性发展过程、发展现状以及当前发展趋势;研究聚焦国际关系和援外人员两个方面的细化研究,仍需要进一步提高其多元性和有效性。