Construction of Regional Ecological Capital Operation Mechanism System from the Perspective of Green Economy Development

Green development has gradually become the main theme of the current world economic development.Green transformation development and cracking the contradiction between ecology and economy need to build an effective ecological capital operation system and mechanism to support,encourage the effective operation of regional ecological capital,promote the appreciation and preservation of ecological capital,and escort the operation.This paper constructs a four-in-one regional ecological capital operation mechanism system,in which the"accumulation mechanism"is the prerequisite,the"conversion mechanism"is the key link,the"compensation mechanism"is an important supplement,and the"incentive mechanism"is the safeguard measure,which aims to ensure the smooth progress of the construction of beautiful China in the new era and realize the socialist modern power.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Rural Residents’Working Hours:Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence

The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.

Selection of Mergers and Acquisitions by Foreign Capital in Open Economies

By a linear Cournot model, the factors associated with the integration of two firms are discussed in terms of their effects on the private surplus and the social welfare in economies with varying extent of openness. Meanwhile, the trade policy of the host government is taken into account. It is concluded that the more open the economy and the more intense the competition, the less profitable the integration; the most important determinant to the changes of the domestic social welfare is the industry strength of the host country. The host authority can enhance the domestic social welfare in two ways： to adjust the trade policy and to only approve the socially desirable cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

Three Tales of Capitalism and Creative Economy

The aim is to examine how the creative economy develops in shareholder,state,and stakeholder capitalism.In the shareholder capitalism,the creative economy is headed by large companies in cooperation with governments,which replicate pregiven formulas of governance with no consideration of local specificities,and reinforces the exclusion of small and medium-sized creative enterprises.The state capitalism has the government authorities as the main drivers of the creative economy’s growth,which is usually connected to their political interest in preserving authority and manipulating the population.In the stakeholder capitalism,companies should pay their fair share of taxes,show zero tolerance for corruption,uphold human rights throughout their global supply chains,and advocate for a competitive level playing field.These elements create the specific conditions for a more diversified set of actors leading the initiatives dedicated to the development of creative economy.

Technology in New Institutional Economics --Comparison of Transaction Costs in Schumpeter＇s Capitalist Development Ideology

In mainstream economics （the neoclassical economics）, it is accepted that every company that competes under the perfect competition market has the same technological equipment. So, technology is approached as a simple efficiency increase whose source is unknown. In terms of established economics view, technology is like a ＂black box＂ that cannot be predicted. As the creator of the concept of＂creative destruction＂, Joseph Schumpeter （1883-1950） caused significant changes in terms of the view of neoclassical economics about technology. On one hand, Schumpeter created a new point of view about the concept of＂innovation＂ by using key concepts, such as ＂invention＂, ＂imitation＂, and ＂business cycles＂. Schumpeter＇s ＂creative destruction＂ concept carries out the role of a new map for the new institutional economics trend which accepts ＂technology＂ as an institution. On the other hand, if one is to understand why the ideology differs between neoclassical economics and new institutional economics, ＂transaction costs＂ should be analyzed. Since, transaction costs and creative destruction have a relationship between each other; Schumpeter and Coase＇s ideas are resembling each other. While doing this, this paper will try to discuss the question of how to accept the technology as ＂external＂ instead of ＂internal＂ limit neoclassical economics. In this process, it will primarily base the dimension on the concept of＂technology＂ developed by Schumpeter. The second station is an inquiry between Schumpeter＇s and Coase＇s ideas about technology. Although new institutional economics （NIE） and neoclassical economics can be confused, they can be seperated from each other by the way they look at technology. Because, technology is accepted as an external theme by neoclassical economics, on the contrary, NIE acceptes technology as an internal fact. One of the most important reasons why technology is internal in terms of NIE can be evaluated by ＂transaction costs＂. As a result, the author will give effort to create a critical presentation in order to readdress the viewpoint of mainstream economics about ＂technology＂.

Piketty’s Capital-Income Theory Reconsidered for a Small Open Economy with Increasing Savings Rate

Since Piketty offered a new view of capital/income ratio, numerous attempts have been made to examine the relationship between return on capital, economic growth and the capital/income ratio. This paper attempts to shed new light on this field. More precisely, following recent literatures that pay attention to dynamics of external balance sheets of countries, we examine if Piketty’s results for large countries are robust for a country that takes the world rate of return on capital as given and whose savings rate increases gradually from negative value. It is revealed that for such a country, (1) Kuznets curve is drawn and (2) capital/income ratio decreases in accordance with a rise in savings rate and return on capital.

Impetus for Export-Oriented Economy——Review of foreign capital utilization in Hunan during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period

Since its implementation of the openingpolicy,China has witnessed greatsuccess in foreign fund utilization.Hunan,situated in the hinterland,beganto introduce foreign capital a little later thanthe coastal areas.In 1979,Hunan began toconduct processing and assembling businessand compensation trade,but gained only afew million US dollars.A vast change wastook place in the Eighth Five-Year Planperiod,achieving a great quantitative andqualitative rise in foreign capital utilizationas compared with the sixth and seventh Five-Year Plan periods.In the past five years,Hunan has approved 4,001 foreign-fundedprojects,a 5,5-fold increase over the total forthe previous 12 years(1979-1990),including3,584 projects directly financed by

In the Arms of Unconsciousness:Capitalism,Creative Economy,and the End of Rest in Gustavo Vinagre’s Unlearning to Sleep

The aim of the article is to explore the relation among capitalism,creative economy,and the end of rest in Gustavo Vinagre’s movie Unlearning to Sleep.The main argument indicates that,in the context of the imperatives within the inhumane temporalities of the 24/7 society,sleep and rest may represent an inevitable and anomalous resistance to the demands of the capitalist order in which creative economy is immersed and exposed in the movie.

Plan C: China’s Development under the Scarcity of Natural Capital

The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.

Environmental Capital,Negative Externality and Carbon Finance Innovation

In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internalization,it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system,find the value of environmental capital,establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital,and then transform the environmental capital,an exogenous factor of economic growth,into an endogenous factor.Of this,the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality;the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market,so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources(represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism,and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.

Development,Capitalism Transformation and Marxism

Development,Capitalism Transformation and

Regional Economic Geography with Externalities, Congestion, and Fiscal Policies in a Small-Open Growth Economy

This paper develops a two-regional growth model with amenity, capital accumulation and regional public goods with public goods and fiscal policies. The economy consists of two regions and each region consists of the industrial sector and public sector. The industrial sector provides goods in perfectly competitive markets. The public sector, which is financed by the regional government’s tax incomes, supplies regional public goods. The public goods affect both firms and households. We show how to find equilibrium values of the dynamic system and simulate model. Then, we carry out comparative statics analysis with regard to parameter changes in tax rates, congestion and amenity. Our comparative statics analysis provides some important insights. For instance, a main difference between the effects of increasing the two regions’ tax rates on the output is that as the technologically advanced region’s (the other region’s) tax rate on the industrial sector is increased, the national industrial output, national capital employed by the economy, and the national wealth are increased (reduced). In the region which increases the tax rate, the wage rate, consumption and wealth per capita, output per labor force, the population, and land rent are increased, and the corresponding variables in the other region are reduced.

A Simplified Approach for Implementing Capital Gain Tax in Stock Marketing

The sustainability of a country inevitably depends on proper taxation system. To date, there are many taxes implemented by the ruling authorities of a country. The taxes that are sourced from stock markets or share markets are paramount to better govern a country. The capital gain tax (CGT), which is incurred in disposing the shares or stocks owned by an investor or an institution, is one of the taxes implemented in stock markets. Though in the past many attempts have been made to properly streamline the CGT, the methodologies or the approaches used in the implementation of CGT, even in the United States, are not well-grounded from a scientific point of view. Therefore, in this paper, a simplified approach based on the assumption that the CGT is implemented on a yearly basis is proposed. The CGT is calculated for each stock owned by an investor or an institution. The approach is implemented using an open access platform: AMP (Apache-MySQL-PHP). Subsequently, the proposed approach is tested using some hypothetical data. The proposed approach, which is easy-to-use, practical and un-biased, is of use to any country that is willing to progress towards the sustainability. Moreover, the proposed approach with the current technology will enhance the developing nations which have large size of informal economy, on designing and implementing effective tax policies and administrations.

A Literature Review of the Influence of Commercial Credit on the Efficiency of Enterprise Capital Allocation

The real economy is the main body of high-quality development,and the efficiency of capital allocation is an important manifestation of the development of the real economy.Therefore,it is very important to study the efficiency of capital allocation.As a representative of horizontal finance,commercial credit has a significant impact on the improvement of capital allocation efficiency.In view of this,this article combs the literature on commercial credit and capital allocation efficiency from the following aspects:firstly,by studying the literature,combing the literature on the macro-level,micro-level and economic effects of commercial credit;secondly,the measurement method of capital allocation efficiency And the influencing factors are systematically sorted out,and finally sorted out and evaluated the existing literature on the influence of commercial credit on the efficiency of capital allocation.

中国数字经济发展对碳排放的影响

基于扩展的Cobb-Douglas生产函数,利用中国城市面板数据解析数字经济发展对碳排放的影响。结果表明,数字经济发展能够显著降低碳排放水平,且该结果在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。就其作用机制而言,数字经济能够通过强化环境规制、提升人力资本水平和促进产业集聚的方式降低碳排放。进一步考虑数字经济减排效应的空间关联特征后发现,数字经济发展不仅可以促进本地区碳减排,还有助于降低邻近地区的碳排放。异质性检验表明,在中心城市和高创新能力城市数字经济发展显著降低了碳排放,但在外围城市数字经济的碳减排效应不显著,在低创新能力城市数字经济发展显著增加了碳排放;东部和中西部地区城市数字经济发展均显著降低了碳排放,且碳减排效应从中西部地区到东部地区呈递减趋势。据此提出大力支持中国数字经济发展,促进产业集聚、做好环境规制和提升人力资本水平,为数字经济发展降低碳排放提供畅通渠道,推进本地区和邻近地区协同碳减排等政策建议。

数字乡村建设对壮大农村集体经济的作用效应

壮大农村集体经济发展是带动农业农村发展,实现中国式农业农村现代化的重要抓手和动力引擎。本文基于2020年和2021年“中国土地经济调查”的数据,利用熵值法测算出数字乡村建设水平的综合指数,在此基础上采用固定效应模型实证考察数字乡村建设对壮大农村集体经济发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:数字乡村建设能显著地促进农村集体经济的壮大发展,本结果在经过内生性和稳健性检验后依然稳健;机制分析显示,数字乡村建设通过提升人力资本水平、促进资源要素集聚、推动产业结构升级壮大农村集体经济的发展;进一步异质性分析发现,数字乡村建设尚未对村级集体经济发展实现包容性增长,数字乡村建设对低等收入组的村级集体经济发展并未发挥正向带动作用。此外,相比低产业化经营发展水平的村庄,数字乡村建设对高产业化经营发展水平的村级集体经济壮大发展促进作用更显著。上述结论对数字乡村建设可作为壮大农村集体经济发展的动力引擎提供了实证依据和决策参考。

长三角数字经济赋能乡村振兴机制与路径设计

数字经济快速发展,为乡村振兴注入新动能。基于长三角地区2012—2021年41市面板数据,构建数字经济和乡村振兴评价指标体系,利用固定效应与中介效应模型检验赋能乡村振兴的作用机制,研究表明数字经济水平提升1%会引起乡村振兴水平提高0.1%;人力资本和技术创新是数字经济赋能乡村振兴的重要机制。区域异质性检验发现数字经济赋能乡村振兴作用效果由强到弱依次为浙江省、江苏省、安徽省。因此,为推动长三角地区乡村全面振兴,需着重发展数字经济,发挥其高效带动作用;进一步积累人力资本,提供高素质劳动力;不断进行技术创新,激发乡村内在发展动力;因地制宜,实施差异化发展战略。

数字经济驱动宏观经济治理体系完善的理论逻辑与政策实践——基于马克思社会再生产理论的分析

数字经济发展是供给—需求实现总量平衡、结构适配、质量协同升级的关键连接点。揭示数字经济下宏观经济的运行机制,研究适应数字经济的宏观经济治理体系,对于促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合有重要启示。基于马克思社会再生产理论,构建包含数字生产及其下游部门的四部类再生产模型。研究发现:数字要素部门的资本积累对总产出增长有棘轮效应;一旦发生负向的需求冲击,数字经济将有助于宏观经济保持韧性,避免短期总产出大幅减少;数字要素部门的相对独占性将可能削弱扩张性需求管理的政策效果。面对数字经济兴起对社会生产组织方式和运行模式的冲击,中国展开了完善宏观经济治理体系的政策实践。具体包括:发挥数字经济的高能增长极作用,协同推进需求总量调控与供给体系质量提升;释放数字经济的创新驱动力,构建适应数字技术创新周期的宏观资源筹措、调峰和配置机制;激活数字经济的要素黏合效应,形成宏观经济政策与产业、区域等政策紧密配合的宏观治理体系。

列宁与政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”——基于《俄国资本主义的发展》的文本讨论

在政治经济学批判中,“从抽象到具体”的方法一直是西方左翼解读《资本论》的流行语法。然而,他们通常忽视了“从抽象到具体”过程的“开端”问题。马克思在以英国为个案的《资本论》的“原始积累”章节中所处理的,正是这个理论任务。回顾马克思主义发展史,列宁在《俄国资本主义的发展》中的讨论,完成了马克思关于考察俄国资本主义以补证《资本论》证据的愿望,丰富了“从具体到抽象”的开端问题。列宁从俄国资本主义的发展具有客观必然性、农民的解体与小生产者的破产是其发展的必然环节,以及俄国不是因为没有国外市场而无法实现额外价值等方面,论证了资本主义原始积累过程的必然性与资本主义发展最终被社会主义替代的一致性,实现了政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”。