Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities.For instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully auto...Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities.For instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these cars.Normative ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their control.Here,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian injury.In contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi passengers.This dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless cars.Our findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.展开更多
Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer...Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer's. After the issue and implementation of the enterprises technical standards, there will be a stable period. The matter of how to guarantee the products to satisfy the need of the market within this period requires that the enterprise must take the foreseeing of standards into account when developing technical standards, so as to ensure the products to be of persistent competitive power in the market. Here are some things that can show the foreseeing of enterprises technical standards.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of predictive nursing on limb rehabilitation in patients with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage in the basal ganglia region based on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)technology....Objective:To explore the effect of predictive nursing on limb rehabilitation in patients with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage in the basal ganglia region based on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)technology.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021,55 patients with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage in the basal ganglia were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery,Huzhou First People's Hospital.They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group.The control group was given routine nursing measures,and the experimental group was assigned predictive nursing based on DTI.After three weeks of intervention,the two groups'nursing effects were compared.The Fugl-Meyer motor assessment(FMA)and modified Barthel index(MBI)scoring scale were used to evaluate patients'motor function and daily living activities.Results:After three weeks of intervention,motor function scores improved in both groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in FMA scores between the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention(P<0.001).The MBI scores of the two groups before and after the intervention were statistically significant(P<0.001).From the mean point of view,the MBI score of the experimental group after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention.Conclusion:Predictive nursing based on DTI can improve the limb motor function of patients with basal ganglia haemorrhage and enhance the patient's ability to live daily.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071143)。
文摘Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making capabilities.For instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these cars.Normative ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their control.Here,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian injury.In contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi passengers.This dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless cars.Our findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.
文摘Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer's. After the issue and implementation of the enterprises technical standards, there will be a stable period. The matter of how to guarantee the products to satisfy the need of the market within this period requires that the enterprise must take the foreseeing of standards into account when developing technical standards, so as to ensure the products to be of persistent competitive power in the market. Here are some things that can show the foreseeing of enterprises technical standards.
基金supported by the Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau of China[2019GYB06]Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Plan Project[2019KY206].
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of predictive nursing on limb rehabilitation in patients with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage in the basal ganglia region based on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)technology.Methods:From January 2020 to January 2021,55 patients with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage in the basal ganglia were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery,Huzhou First People's Hospital.They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group.The control group was given routine nursing measures,and the experimental group was assigned predictive nursing based on DTI.After three weeks of intervention,the two groups'nursing effects were compared.The Fugl-Meyer motor assessment(FMA)and modified Barthel index(MBI)scoring scale were used to evaluate patients'motor function and daily living activities.Results:After three weeks of intervention,motor function scores improved in both groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in FMA scores between the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention(P<0.001).The MBI scores of the two groups before and after the intervention were statistically significant(P<0.001).From the mean point of view,the MBI score of the experimental group after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention.Conclusion:Predictive nursing based on DTI can improve the limb motor function of patients with basal ganglia haemorrhage and enhance the patient's ability to live daily.
