Foreword

The concept and practice of sustainable development as a guiding institutional principle, as a concrete policy goal, and as a focus of political mobilization remain salient in meeting the multiple challenges in the Arctic. How sustainable development is conceptualized and practiced depends very much on how it is embraced by scholars, policy makers and the people in the Arctic. Under the circumstances of climate change and political-economic globalization taking place in the Arctic,

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,

FOREWORD

The'International Workshop on e+e-collisions fromtoψ'(PHIPSI15),was held at University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),Hefei,China,from Wednesday,September 23 to Saturday,September 26,2015.This is the 10 th workshop in a series,which started in Karlsruhe in 1996 and continued in Novosibirsk(1999),SLAC(2001),Pisa(2003),Novosibirsk(2006),Frascati(2008),Beijing(2009),

FOREWORD

It has been confirmed that climatic anomaly influenced human life and production andeven causes disasters. With the economic activity developing in the world,the influence isbecoming more and more greater.Scientists have long been devoting themselves to the studyof the cause of climatic anomaly. Now they distinctly attribute the cause to the ocean,where life originated from.Numerous observatons have confirmed that El Nino,known

FOREWORD

The concept of water mass was carried within the early development ofoceanography and the analysis of water mass has so far become one of theimportant subjects of physical oceanography. The formation and charactersof ocean water mass are described and discussed at length in many famousbooks and classical textbooks on physical oceanography, such as "The Oceans"

FOREWORD

The founding of the Department of Marine Geology can be traced back to ShandongCollege of Geology founded in the late 1950s in Qingdao.After some 30 years of ups anddowns,through painstaking efforts,above all through the perios of rapid developmentbrought about by the policies of reform and opening to the world since the Third PlenarySession of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC,it has grown into a departmentquite large in scale.There are at present five specialities:marine geology。

Foreword

Although it has long been recognized that the oceans are abundant in various kindsof resources,only in recent years it is discovered that marine medicines have their uniqueadvantages and,with the development of science and technology,they are bound to havebroad application prospects.

FOREWORD

The CHIMEHERB artificial skin developed by Ocean University of Qingdao was a gold medelwinner both at the 37th Eureka World Fair for Inventions in 1988 and at the First International Ex-hibition of Patent and New Technological Product. The laboratorial work of the artificial skin beganin 1983. In April 1986, clinical applications were carried out in the surgical, dermatological andburn wounds in various hospitals such as Shandong Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-

Foreword

With the world wide recognition of the importance and urgency of environment protection, there has been an international joint action almost every decade since the late 1960’s. In 1972, the United Nations Conference on Human Environment adopted the Declaratios of Human Environment. In 1982, the International Conference on the Law of the Sea adopted the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea. In 1992, the United Nations confer-

Foreword

At the beginning of the twentieth century,cardiovascular disease, particularly secondary to atherosclerosis, was relatively uncommon in North America and Western Europe and was quite rare in the remainder of the world. By the 1950s, cardiovascular disease had grown to epidemic proportions in the West and it had already become clear that hypertension,cigarette smoking and hyperlipidemia were important predisposing factors for atherosclerosis; in the 1960s,diabetes mellitus emerged as an additional important risk factor. Cardiovascular disease was still uncommon in regions of the world where malnutrition, childhood diarrhea and infectious disease were rampant and by far the leading causes of death.

Foreword

The first issue of Acta Pratacalturae Sinica contains the results of the Editorial Board’sdiligent preparations,continuous efforts,and personal support in the areas of prataculturalscience.Prataeultural science is an ancient and new subject.It’s an ancient subject because it hasbeen unavoedably involved in grassland production systems since mankind started raisingand grazing animals.Simultaneously,experience had accumulated and scientific researchhad been conducted.All of these had attributed to the emerging,and developing prataculturalscience.

FOREWORD

Chronic viral hepatitis continues to be a major public health problem and the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. It is estimated that 350 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 170 million are

FOREWORD

We are pleased to announce the publication of a new issue of JIOHS.There will be one regular paper,three papers dedicated to Steven L.Jacques for his 60th birthday,and six papers focusing on Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT).

Foreword

Hepatobiliary diseases, particularly viral hep-atitis, hepatocelullar carcinoma and cholelithi-asis, are common in China. The morbidity of pan-creatic diseases such as pancreatic cancer is in-creasing predominently in this country in the re-cent years. Thus research into and treatment ofthese diseases have been flourishing and prompt-ed the publication of papers in this particularfield. Fortunately, a considerable number ofjournals in this field started publishing in China,but none of them are published in English exceptfor English abstracts of major articles. To com-municate with our colleagues worldwide, thepublication of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Dis-eases International (HBPD Int) in English willserve as a bridge for the communication betweenthe East and the West.

Foreword

It is now more than a decade since the twenty-first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （21st CHINARE） reached the highest point of the Antarctic Ice Sheet on 18 January 2005, around the 20th anniversary of China＇s involvement in polar scientific research. This marked the ongoing evolution of the CHINARE program in the Antarctic to one with a greater research focus, and with an increased involvement in international scientific collaboration. In this and subsequent issues of Advances in Polar Science, that decade of scientific achievement will be recognized by a number of thematic papers reviewing traverse route between there and the coast. the outcomes from research at Dome A and along the

Foreword for the 11^(th) WCAP Special Issue

The World Conference on Animal Production （WCAP） is recognized as a prestigious industrial meeting by people in the field all over the world. The conference is held every five years, with participants from over eighty countries. The aim of the conference is to retrospect the global trend in animal industry, strengthen the livestock association communication beyond boundaries, and promote the cooperation between researchers and enterprisers over the past five years.

Foreword

The iron and steel industry of China has made rapid strides since we carried out the policy of reform and opening in 1978.Especially since the beginning of 1990’s,the steel output of China reached 88.68 million tons,ranking second in the world,and it may break through 100 million tons in two or three years.Even so,the iron and steel industry in China has merely covered halfway in its development.It will keep developing in a table,rapid and healthy

Foreword

This Special Issue of Acta Mechanica Sinica（AMS） publishes a few papers selected and recom-mended by The Scientific Committee, The 10th Interna-tional Conference on Dynamical Systems-Theory and

Foreword

Over the past decades, control engineering and its practices have witnessed much progress with multi-disciplinary spirit, where new theoretical developments as well as new applications have emerged. Indeed, control engineering has become a very broad area of research with applications in aero-space systems, complex industrial processes, robotics, power systems, chemical processes, signal processing and biological systems modelling and analysis. The research covers nonlinear control, robustness enhancement, stochastic distribution control, iterative learning, neural networks based control systems design, sensor development and many more. As such, the subject of control engineering research has always been regarded as a potential area of growth with more emphasis on new applications, in particular, the applications that motivate new theoretical developments.