基于Formal Methods的基本存款账户新增数量变动分析

基本存款账户期末数量代表了经济实体的开户数量,在一定程度上反映了经济实体发展环境的好坏程度。就此引入形式化描述方法,对基本存款账户数量变动情况进行分析,精确刻画商业银行的开户行为,对存在恶性争抢客户的商业银行,采取相应措施,规范开户行为。

Integrating object-oriented methods and formal methods for requirement engineering

High quality software requirement specification is crucial for a software development. Although much efforts and research works have been done to address the problem, the errors in user requirement are still prevent us from developing high quality software. To address the problem, this paper proposes integrating graphical specification technique UML with formal specification technique to construct user requirement specification. We also present a prototype tool to perform the automatic translation from UML specification into Object-Z specification.

Low side lobe pattern synthesis using projection method with genetic algorithm for truncated cone conformal phased arrays

A hybrid method for synthesizing antenna＇s three dimensional （3D） pattern is proposed to obtain the low sidelobe feature of truncated cone conformal phased arrays. In this method, the elements of truncated cone conformal phased arrays are projected to the tangent plane in one generatrix of the truncated cone. Then two dimensional （2D） Chebyshev amplitude distribution optimization is respectively used in two mutual vertical directions of the tangent plane. According to the location of the elements, the excitation current amplitude distribution of each element on the conformal structure is derived reversely, then the excitation current amplitude is further optimized by using the genetic algorithm （GA）. A truncated cone problem with 8x8 elements on it, and a 3D pattern desired side lobe level （SLL） up to 35 dB, is studied. By using the hybrid method, the optimal goal is accomplished with acceptable CPU time, which indicates that this hybrid method for the low sidelobe synthesis is feasible.

A Hybrid Formal Description Method Based on FSM,CSP and ADT for Communication Protocol

Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.

Formal Methods for Commercial Applications Issues vs. Solutions

It was advocated that in 21st century, most of software will be developed with benefits of formal methods. The benefits include faults found in earlier stage of software development, automating, checking the certain properties and minimizing rework. In spite of their recognition in academic world and these claimed advantages, formal methods are still not widely used by commercial software industry. The purpose of this research is to promote formal methods for commercial software industry. In this paper we have identified issues in use of formal methods for commercial applications and devised strategies to overcome these difficulties which will provide motivations to use formal methods for commercial applications.

Integrating Formal Methods in XP—A Conceptual Solution

Formal methods can be used at any stage of product development process to improve the software quality and efficiency using mathematical models for analysis and verification. From last decade, researchers and practitioners are trying to establish successful transfer of practices of formal methods into industrial process development. In the last couple of years, numerous analysis approaches and formal methods have been applied in different settings to improve software quality. In today’s highly competitive software development industry, companies are striving to deliver fast with low cost and improve quality solutions and agile methodologies have proved their efficiency in acquiring these. Here, we will present an integration of formal methods, specifications and verification practices in the most renowned process development methodology of agile i.e. extreme programming with a conceptual solution. That leads towards the development of a complete formalized XP process in future. This will help the practitioners to understand the effectiveness of formal methods using in agile methods that can be helpful in utilizing the benefits of formal methods in industry.

PLC Modeling and Checking Based on Formal Method

High reliability is the key to performance of electrical control equipment. PLC combines computer technology, automatic control technology and communication technology and becomes widely used for automation of industrial processes. Some requirements of complex PLC systems cannot be satisfied by the traditional verification methods. In this paper, an efficient method for the PLC systems modeling and verification is proposed. To ensure the high-speed property of PLC, we proposed a technique of “Time interval model” and “notice-waiting”. It could reduce the state space and make it possible to verify some complex PLC systems. Also, the conversion from the built PLC model to the Promela language is obtained and a tool PLC-Checker for modeling and checking PLC systems are designed. Using PLC-Checker to check a classical PLC example, a counter-example is found. Although the probability of this logic error occurs very small, it could result in system crash fatally.

Why Formal Methods Are Considered for Safety Critical Systems?

Formal methods are the mathematically techniques and tools which are used at early stages of software development lifecycle processes. The utter need of using formal methods in safety critical system leads to accuracy, consistency and correctness in proposed system. In safety critical real time application, requirements should be unambiguous and very accurate which can be achieved by using mathematical theorems. There is utter need to focus on the requirement phase which is the most critical phase of SDLC. This paper focuses on the use of Z notation for incorporating the accuracy, consistency, and eliminates ambiguity in safety critical system: Road Traffic Management System as a case study. The syntax, semantics, type checking and domain checking are further verified by using Z/EVES: a Z notation type checker tool.

Formal Derivation of the Combinatorics Problems with PAR Method

Partition-and-Recur (PAR) method is a simple and useful formal method. It can be used to design and testify algo-rithmic programs. In this paper, we propose that PAR method is an effective formal method on solving combinatorics problems. Furthermore, we formally derive combinatorics problems by PAR method, which cannot only simplify the process of algorithmic program's designing, but also improve its automatization, standardization and correctness. We develop algorithms for two typical combinatorics problems, the number of string scheme and the number of error per-mutation scheme. Lastly, we obtain accurate C++ programs which are transformed by automatic transforming system of PAR platform.

Towards a Methodology for Formal Design and Analysis of Agent Interaction Protocols ——An Investigation in Electronic Commerce

Various extensions of UML have been developed to meet the challenges of designing modern software systems, such as agent based electronic commerce applications. Recent advances in model checking technology have led it to be introduced into the development of approaches and tools to check the correctness of electronic commerce protocols. This paper focuses on the research of a method that connects an extension of AUML to model checker SPIN/Promela for the specification and verification of agent interaction protocols (AIP) in electronic commerce. The method presented here allows us to combine the benefits of visual specification with the power of some static analysis and model checking. Some algorithms and rules are developed to permit all visual modeling constructs translated mechanically into some Promela models of AIP, as supported by the model checker SPIN. Moreover, a process is illustrated to guide the specification and verification of AIP. The method is demonstrated thoroughly using the e commerce protocol NetBill as an example.

A Review on Sources,Extractions and Analysis Methods of a Sustainable Biomaterial:Tannins

Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.

An Integration of UML Sequence Diagram with Formal Specification Methods—A Formal Solution Based on Z

UML Diagrams are considered as a main component in requirement engineering process and these become an industry standard in many organizations. UML diagrams are useful to show an interaction, behavior and structure of the system. Similarly, in requirement engineering, formal specification methods are also being used in crucial systems where precise information is required. It is necessary to integrate System Models with such formal methods to overcome the requirements errors i.e. contradiction, ambiguities, vagueness, incompleteness and mixed values of abstraction. Our objective is to integrate the Formal Specification Language (Z) with UML Sequence diagram, as sequence diagram is an interaction diagram which shows the interaction and proper sequence of components (Methods, procedures etc.) of the system. In this paper, we focus on components of UML Sequence diagram and then implement these components in formal specification language Z. And the results of this research papers are complete integrated components of Sequence diagram with Z schemas, which are verified by using tools and model based testing technique of Formal Specifications. Results can be more improved by integrating remaining components of Sequence and other UML diagrams into Formal Specification Language.

Characteristic-Based Time Domain Method for Cylindrically Conformal Microstrip Patch Antennas

The characteristics of a cylindrical conformal microstrip patch antenna are analyzed by using the characteristic-based time domain （CBTD） method. A governing equation in the cylindrical coordinate system is formulated directly to facilitate the analysis of cylindrically conformal microstrip patch antennas. The algorithm has second-order accuracy both in time and space domain and has the potential to eliminate the spurious wave reflection from the numerical boundaries of the computational domain, Numerical results demonstrate the important merits and accuracy of the proposed technique in computational electromagnetics,

A Formal Method for Service Choreography Verification Based on Description Logic

Web Services Choreography Description Language lacks a formal system to accurately express the semantics of service behaviors and verify the correctness of a service choreography model.This paper presents a new approach of choreography model verification based on Description Logic.A meta model of service choreography is built to provide a conceptual framework to capture the formal syntax and semantics of service choreography.Based on the framework,a set of rules and constraints are defined in Description Logic for choreography model verification.To automate model verification,the UML-based service choreography model will be transformed,by the given algorithms,into the DL-based ontology,and thus the model properties can be verified by reasoning through the ontology with the help of a popular DL reasoned.A case study is given to demonstrate applicability of the method.Furthermore,the work will be compared with other related research.

Second order conformal multi-symplectic method for the damped Korteweg–de Vries equation

A conformal multi-symplectic method has been proposed for the damped Korteweg–de Vries(DKdV) equation, which is based on the conformal multi-symplectic structure. By using the Strang-splitting method and the Preissmann box scheme,we obtain a conformal multi-symplectic scheme for multi-symplectic partial differential equations(PDEs) with added dissipation. Applying it to the DKdV equation, we construct a conformal multi-symplectic algorithm for it, which is of second order accuracy in time. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method not only preserves the dissipation rate of mass exactly with periodic boundary conditions, but also has excellent long-time numerical behavior.

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

Precise method to control elastic waves by conformal mapping

The transformation method to control waves has received widespread attention in electromagnetism and acoustics. However, this machinery is not directly applicable to the control of elastic waves, because it has been shown that the Navier＇s equation does not usually retain its form under coordinate transformation. In this letter, we prove the form invariance of the Navier＇s equation under the conformal mapping based on the Helmholtz decomposition method. The needed material parameters are provided to manipulate elastic waves. The validity of this approach is confirmed by an active stealth device which can disguise the signal source by changing its position. Experimental verifications and potential applications may be expected in nondestructive testing, structural seismic design and other fields.

Partial Formalization: An Approach for Critical Analysis of Definitions and Methods Used in Bulk Extraction-Based Molecular Microbial Ecology

Partial formalization, which involves the development of deductive connections among statements, can be used to examine assumptions, definitions and related methodologies that are used in science. This approach has been applied to the study of nucleic acids recovered from natural microbial assemblages (NMA) by the use of bulk extraction. Six pools of bulk-extractable nucleic acids (BENA) are suggested to be present in a NMA: (pool 1) inactive microbes (abiotic-limited);(pool 2) inactive microbes (abiotic permissive, biotic-limited);(pool 3) dormant microbes (abiotic permissive, biotic-limited, but can become biotic permissive);(pool 4) in situ active microbes (the microbial community);(pool 5) viruses (virocells/virions/cryptic viral genomes);and (pool 6) extracellular nucleic acids including extracellular DNA (eDNA). Definitions for cells, the microbial community (in situ active cells), the rare biosphere, dormant cells (the microbial seed bank), viruses (virocells/virions/cryptic viral genomic), and diversity are presented, together with methodology suggested to allow their study. The word diversity will require at least 4 definitions, each involving a different methodology. These suggested definitions and methodologies should make it possible to make further advances in bulk extraction-based molecular microbial ecology.

A comparison study on structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from sea buckthorn berries using different methods:antioxidant and bile acid-binding capacity

In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.

New Formal Solutions of Davey-Stewartson Equation via Combined tanh Function Method with Symmetry Method

We combine the tanh function method with the symmetry group method to construct new type of solutions of Davey-Stewartson equation and implemente it in a computer algebraic system. As a result, some new types of solutions are obtained. This method is also applied to other differential equations if the nonlinear evolution equations admit nontrivial one-parameter group of transformation.