Existing forms of REE in gold-bearing pyrite of the Jinshan gold deposit,Jiangxi Province,China

Rare earth element(REE) is widely used in various fields of geology.Study of the existing forms of REE in geological objects is a necessity for us to solve geological problems related with REE.This paper tried to make it clear the existing forms of REE in gold-bearing pyrite in Jinshan gold deposit by stepwise dissolution test with ICP-MS analysis.Results showed that content of REE in fluid-inclusions of gold-bearing pyrite was very low,which only took about 0.07%–0.70% of the ΣREE,and that of pyrite phase ...

Parameters in wind-wave frequency spectra and their bearings on spectrum forms and growth

The spectrum variance m0, peak frequency ω0 and peakness factor p are expressed in terms of nondimensional fetch and duration by making use of relations which are derived through comparing and analyzing existing empirical formulas for the growth of significant wave height and period. The main features of spectrum growth as specified by these parameters agree with those of the JONS-WAP experiments. For given wind speed and fetch, the high frequency parts beyond the peaks of shallow water spectra almost coincide with that of the corresponding deep water spectrum, whereas the low frequency parts differ appreciably. The method developed in this paper predicts smaller significant wave height as well as smaller wave period for shallow water spectra in contrast to the theoretical result of Kitaigorodskii ef al, in which the peak frequency, and consequently the significant wave period, remains basically unchanged for different water depths. Spectra are further reduced to a form in which only significant wave height and period are left as parameters, the peakness factor being replaced by the wave steepness through an empirical relation between them. Spectra in this form have been verified by observations.

Relationship between catchment characteristics and nitrogen forms in Cao-E River Basin, Eastern China

The distribution of different nitrogen forms and their spatial and temporal variations in different pollution types of tributaries or reaches were investigated. Based on the catchments characteristics the tributaries or reaches can be classified into 4 types, including headwater in mountainous areas （type Ⅰ）, agricultural non-point source （NPS） pollution in rural areas （type Ⅱ）, municipal and industrial pollution in urban areas （type Ⅲ）, and combined pollution in main stream （type IV）. Water samples were collected monthly from July 2003 to June 2006 in the Cao-E River Basin in Zhejiang, eastern China. The concentrations of NO3^--N, NH4^＋ -N, and total nitrogen （TN） were measured. The mean concentrations of NO3^- -N were decreased in the sequence type IV 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅲ 〉 type Ⅰ, whereas, NH4^＋-N, total organic nitrogen （TON）, and TN were in the sequence： type Ⅲ〉 type Ⅳ 〉 type Ⅱ〉 type Ⅰ. In headwater and rural reaches, CNO^-2-N was much higher than Crea^＋ 4-N. In urban reaches, TON and NH4^＋ -N were the main forms, accounting for 54.7% and 32.1% of TN, respectively. In the whole river system, Crea^＋ 4--N decreased with increasing distance from cities, and CNo^-3 -N increased with the increasing area of farmland in the catchments. With increased river flow, CNO^-3 N increased and Crea4^＋-N decreased in all types of reaches, while the variations of CTON and CTN were different. For TN, the concentration may be decreased with the increase of river flow, but the export load always increased.

In-situ investigation of deformation behavior and fracture forms of Ti/Al/Mg/Al/Ti laminates

In-situ bending and stretching were conducted on hot-rolled and annealed Ti/Al/Mg/Al/Ti laminates,with a focus on crack initiation and propagation of intermetallics and component layers,which helps to clarify their deformation behavior and fracture forms.The results show that delamination is the early fracture form of laminate with or without intermetallics at Al/Mg interface,so Al/Mg interfacial bonding strength determines the mechanical properties of laminate.Various and irregular intermetallics cracks lead to Al/Mg interface delamination in annealed laminate and help to release stress.Necking and fracture of component layers are observed at the late deformation stage,and the sequence is Al,Mg and Ti layers,resulting from their strength.Angle between crack propagation direction and stretching direction of Mg layer both in rolled and annealed laminates is around 45°due to the effect of shear deformation,and crack convergence leads to final complete fracture of Mg layer.

Effect of the chemical forms of selenium on its volatilization from soils in Chinese low-selenium belt

Bio-availability of different forms of selenium and its rate of volatilization from soils in Chinese low-selenium belt were examined. Adding directly solutions of either inorganic or organic selenium compounds to soil could only slightly increase the rate of selenium volatilization from soil. Volatilization of selenium from soil was largely enhanced when certain nutritional solutions along with selenium compounds were added. Garlic water extract and seleno-amino acids, i.e., seleno-methionine and seleno-cysteine, were found more effective for their bio-availability to the volatilization process. Under laboratory simulating conditions, the volatilization rate of selenium from different types of soils in Chinese low-selenium belt was found in the range of 0.10-0.27 ng.kg-1 soil.day-1 over a 17 days period, generally followed by a decline with time of incubation.

Transformation of Coordinate Forms of Phosphate Ad－sorbed on Goethite Snrfaces Under Conditions of Vary－ing pH

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and automatic titrimeter were nsed to study the relation be-tween pH and the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on goethite surfaces. The results showed thatfor a given P concentration, increasing the pH of suspension could cause a fast transformation of monodentatecomplexes of phosphate ions on goethite surfaces to binuclear ones. When lowering the PH, additional adsorp-tion of P occurred and the binuclear complexes reverted slowly to the monodentate ones. The dissociationand association of protons of the sorbed P caused by PH changes was considered to be a major reason lewtingto the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on the surfaces. The stability of binuclear surface complexof P was greater than that of monodentate complex. The possible reactions on the interface of goethite andsolutions with pH changes, and the reasons causing the different stabilities of the two coordinate P complexesare discussed in the paper.

Comprehensive genetic screening reveals wide spectrum of genetic variants in monogenic forms of diabetes among Pakistani population

BACKGROUND Monogenic forms of diabetes(MFD)are single gene disorders.Their diagnosis is challenging,and symptoms overlap with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.AIM To identify the genetic variants responsible for MFD in the Pakistani population and their frequencies.METHODS A total of 184 patients suspected of having MFD were enrolled.The inclusion criterion was diabetes with onset below 25 years of age.Brief demographic and clinical information were taken from the participants.The maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)probability score was calculated,and glutamate decarboxylase ELISA was performed.Antibody negative patients and features resembling MODY were selected(n=28)for exome sequencing to identify the pathogenic variants.RESULTS A total of eight missense novel or very low-frequency variants were identified in 7 patients.Three variants were found in genes for MODY,i.e.HNF1A(c.169C>A,p.Leu57Met),KLF11(c.401G>C,p.Gly134Ala),and HNF1B(c.1058C>T,p.Ser353Leu).Five variants were found in genes other than the 14 known MODY genes,i.e.RFX6(c.919G>A,p.Glu307Lys),WFS1(c.478G>A,p.Glu160Lys)and WFS1(c.517G>A,p.Glu173Lys),RFX6(c.1212T>A,p.His404Gln)and ZBTB20(c.1049G>A,p.Arg350His).CONCLUSION The study showed wide spectrum of genetic variants potentially causing MFD in the Pakistani population.The MODY genes prevalent in European population(GCK,HNF1A,and HNF4a)were not found to be common in our population.Identification of novel variants will further help to understand the role of different genes causing the pathogenicity in MODY patient and their proper management and diagnosis.

Forms and Drivers of Conflicts between Farmers and Pastoralists in Kilosa and Kiteto Districts,Tanzania

Farmer-pastoralist conflicts represent a significant challenge for rural communities and the Tanzanian government.The study objectives were to(i)determine existing forms of conflicts and(ii)identify drivers underlying resource use conflicts.The manuscript is based on a study that adopted a cross-sectional research design whereby data were collected from 373 randomly selected respondents from Kilosa and Kiteto districts,Tanzania,while primary data were collected through interviews,observations and focus group discussions,secondary data were gathered from government reports and newspapers.Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science(SPSS)version 20.0.Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for quantitative data.Factor analysis was used to extract component factors on drivers and forms of conflicts,whereas content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.Generally,study results show that there were three main forms of conflict namely farmers versus pastoralists over village boundaries;farmers versus pastoralists over livestock routes and farmers versus farmers over the land.In addition,four main drivers underlying resource use conflicts were identified namely crop damage by livestock;inefficiency of government officials in taking action to diffuse conflicts;excessively large herds of cattle and corruption.It is therefore recommended that pastoralists should be provided with essential services such as water in order to minimize movement of their livestock herds from their designated villages to other areas in search of water.This would,in the long run,minimise crop damage which has been a major source of conflict.In addition,proper land use planning is recommended to minimize resource use conflicts.

Level of Macronutrients and Microelements of Blood Plasma in Different Forms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

By the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, the content of macro and microelements in the blood plasma of 35 practically healthy people living in the Northern region of Azerbaijan and in the Nizhny Novgorod region of the Russian Federation was studied as well as of 23 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with different phases of the disease. The elemental homeostasis of the blood plasma did not significantly differ depending on the region of residence, except for the potassium level (by 1.3 times greater for Russians) and strontium (by 10 times higher among the inhabitants of the Northern region of Azerbaijan). In patients with focal pulmonary tuberculosis, there were no significant differences in the content of elements in the blood plasma. With pulmonary tuberculosis, accompanied by decomposition processes, the content of calcium, copper, zinc and iron in blood plasma significantly increases in comparison with healthy people. Analysis of the level of these macro- and microelements can be used to determine the transition of the early form of pulmonary tuberculosis to infiltrative and/or cavernous forms, in which the patient becomes epidemiologically dangerous to others.

Electron Exchange Between Oxidized and Reduerd Forms of Ferrocene Derivatives

The rates of electron exchange between oxidized and reduced forms of sev- eral derivatives of ferrocene(1-3)have been measured in acetonitrile by the NMR line h(?)oadening method at 25℃。It was found that the r(?)tes vary with the lengtn of the substitutent chain and the potential of E_(Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ))in the ferrocene derivatives.

Bell’s Ternary Quadratic Forms and Tunnel’s Congruent Number Criterion Revisited

Bell’s theorem determines the number of representations of a positive integer in terms of the ternary quadratic forms x2+by2+cz2 with b,c {1,2,4,8}. This number depends only on the number of representations of an integer as a sum of three squares. We present a modern elementary proof of Bell’s theorem that is based on three standard Ramanujan theta function identities and a set of five so-called three-square identities by Hurwitz. We use Bell’s theorem and a slight extension of it to find explicit and finite computable expressions for Tunnel’s congruent number criterion. It is known that this criterion settles the congruent number problem under the weak Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. Moreover, we present for the first time an unconditional proof that a square-free number n 3(mod 8) is not congruent.

Nitrogen Forms of Maillard Polymers Derived from Xylose and ^(15)N-Labelled Glycine

Water-soluble, nondialyzable Maillard polymers were prepared by reacting D-xylose with 15N-glycine (and/or glycine) at 68 ℃ and pH 8.0 at equimolar concentrations of 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mol L-1, respectively,for 13 days and partitioned into acid-insoluble (MHA) and acid-soluble (MFA) fractions. The nitrogen forms in these polymers were studied by using the 15N cross polarization-magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) technique in combination with chemical methods. The 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data showed that while the yield, especially the MHA/MFA ratio, varied considerably with the concentrations of the reactants, the nitrogen distribution patterns of these polymers were quite similar.From 65% to 70% of nitrogen in them was in the secondary amide and/or indole form with 24%~25% present as aliphatic and/or aromatic ammes and 5% to 11% as pyrrole and/or pyrrole-like nitrogen. More than half (50%~77%) of the N in these polymers were nonhydrolyzable. The role of Maillard reaction in the formation of nonhydrolyzable nitrogen in soil organic matter is discussed.

Comparison of Spatial Forms between Villages under Different Cultures in Jiangxi Province

Taking Meipi Village and Zhuqiao Village as the research objects,the external space,internal space and architecture form of the ancient villages were compared,and the law and essence of village pattern under different cultures were summarized in this article,so as to provide ideas for the preservation and continuation of Jiangxi's history and culture and innovative rural development.

Different Forms of Rationalities in Aristotle： From Being to Acting

Every philosophical system of Aristotle is structured around different forms of rationalities. Each form of rationality, according to its method, object, and purpose, seeks to apprehend and to know a specific dimension of being, because being manifests itself in many ways, that is, the totality of reality. Yet, each form of understanding the being has its epistemological and ontological status, always anchored in the logic criteria. In general, the aim of the paper is to characterize some aspects of the main forms of rationalities in the thought of Aristotle, i.e., demonstrative, dialectic, physics, metaphysics, productive, and practices. But before that, succinctly, it is necessary to talk about the different dimensions of being and teleology.

A Study on Urban Forms of Prefectures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Southern Hebei and Their Influencing Factors

The prefectures of Ming and Qing Dynasties in southern Hebei had profound historical heritage and rich urban forms.Studying their morphological characteristics can provide a scientific basis for city construction under the background of cultural self-confidence.In this paper,we conducted an urban survey on prefectures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in southern Hebei by collecting historical documents such as ancient maps and local chronicles since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,comprehensively using typological methods.The influencing factors of urban spatial forms were further discussed from three aspects:political and military defense,etiquette and geographical environment,and culture and economic development.

Quasi-Rational Canonical Forms of a Matrix over a Number Field

A matrix is similar to Jordan canonical form over the complex field and the rational canonical form over a number field, respectively. In this paper, we further study the rational canonical form of a matrix over any number field. We firstly discuss the elementary divisors of a matrix over a number field. Then, we give the quasi-rational canonical forms of a matrix by combining Jordan and the rational canonical forms. Finally, we show that a matrix is similar to its quasi-rational canonical forms over a number field.

Conducting Cultural Exchanges Between China and Africa in New Forms

Spreading the African culture in the form of entertainment is easier and happier for the common people to accept。In recent years,the high-level exchanges between China and Africa are on the rise,but the people-to-people ties are at low level.The reason lies in the poor knowing between the people.

Comparing the Performances between Adaptive Notch Filter Direct and Lattice Forms Structures for Mitigation Jamming Signals

A jamming signal such as single and multiple Continuous-Wave (CW and MCW) interferences have been shown to have severe effects on the quality of the received signal in wireless communication. This paper presents an approach of a low-complexity algorithm that compares the performances of using Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) direct and lattice forms structures based on second-order Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Notch Filter (NF) for the detection and mitigation of CW and MCW interferences in QPSK communication systems. The approach method consists of two ANFs, adaptive IIR NF and adaptive IIR NF . The present algorithm can estimate and mitigate each CWI and computer their power in Time-Domain (TD). In results for performance comparison, the lattice IIR NF structure outperforms the direct IIR NF structure for detection and removal jamming and has a better Bit Error Ratio (BER). Furthermore, compared with the case of full suppression (), both cases (direct and lattice form) work better for low and high-power jammers. Also, compared to the case without an IIR NF, the presented algorithm can detect and mitigate, track hopping frequency interference, and improve BER performance.

Schur Forms and Normal-Nilpotent Decompositions

Real and complex Schur forms have been receiving increasing attention from the fluid mechanics community recently,especially related to vortices and turbulence.Several decompositions of the velocity gradient tensor,such as the triple decomposition of motion(TDM)and normal-nilpotent decomposition(NND),have been proposed to analyze the local motions of fluid elements.However,due to the existence of different types and non-uniqueness of Schur forms,as well as various possible definitions of NNDs,confusion has spread widely and is harming the research.This work aims to clean up this confusion.To this end,the complex and real Schur forms are derived constructively from the very basics,with special consideration for their non-uniqueness.Conditions of uniqueness are proposed.After a general discussion of normality and nilpotency,a complex NND and several real NNDs as well as normal-nonnormal decompositions are constructed,with a brief comparison of complex and real decompositions.Based on that,several confusing points are clarified,such as the distinction between NND and TDM,and the intrinsic gap between complex and real NNDs.Besides,the author proposes to extend the real block Schur form and its corresponding NNDs for the complex eigenvalue case to the real eigenvalue case.But their justification is left to further investigations.

Bioaccumulation,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Aster subulatus Michx.

【Objective】Through analyzing the bioaccumulation capacity,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium(Cd)in Aster subulatus Michx.,this study was to provide reference for revealing the Cd tolerance mechanism of A.subulatus Michx.【Method】After cultured for 24 d under the action of Hoagland nutrient solution and gradient Cd concentrations(0,30,60 and 90 mg/L),A.subulatus Michx.were harvested,and its leaf,stem and root were treated by differential centrifugation,chemical reagent extraction,and digested with graphite digester,respectively,then the Cd content in the root,stem and leaf were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.【Result】The experimental results indicated that the bioaccumulation capacity of Cd in A.subulatus Michx.was root>stem>leaf,and the maximum Cd concentration in the root,stem and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.were 130.74,78.69 and 56.62 mg/kg(fresh matter),respectively.Most of Cd stored in the cell wall and the soluble fractions of the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,with only a smaller portion Cd in organelle fraction.Analysis result of subcellular Cd content showed that 52.27%-58.61%of Cd for root was mainly stored in the soluble fraction,but 42.10%-63.28%of Cd for leaf was mainly stored in the cell wall fraction.The concentration of pectates and protein integrated-Cd was higher in the root and leaf compared to other chemical forms Cd.Pectates and protein integrated-Cd was the main chemical forms Cd in the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,and their percentages were 68.91%-74.80%and 57.38%-83.80%,respectively.Cd treatment could significantly increase the proportion of water-soluble organic acid Cd from 13.64%to 22.72%in root and undissolved phosphate Cd from 10.02%to 32.78%in leaf with increasing Cd concentration in the culture medium.【Conclusion】The root,stem and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.has strong bioaccumulation capacity to Cd,Cd is primarily stored in the soluble fractions of the root and cell wall fractions of the leaf,and less toxic pectates and protein integrated-Cd is the main chemical forms Cd in the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,this might be the main mechanism of Cd tolerance in A.subulatus Michx.