A total of 151 infant formula powder samples were tested for the screening of the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and it had been contaminated by the conditioned pathogen like Enterobacter sakazakii, Klebsiella pneumonia...A total of 151 infant formula powder samples were tested for the screening of the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and it had been contaminated by the conditioned pathogen like Enterobacter sakazakii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae. The results showed that six samples were separated Enterobacter sakazakii, 24 samples were separated Enterobacteriaceae by using the traditional validation and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Then the result identified by API20E biochemistry test and VITEC2 identification system. Through the study we concluded the potential safety hazard of the current infant formula powder and should regard Enterobacteriaceae as an indicator to carry out effective management, the neglected mild and discontinuity contamination could be easily found, thus to guarantee the safety of the special group.展开更多
Objective To determine Cronobacter spp. contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China. Methods All of 2282 samples were collected from the retail markets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, ...Objective To determine Cronobacter spp. contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China. Methods All of 2282 samples were collected from the retail markets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, and analyzed for Cronobacter spp. by the Chinese National Food Safety Standard. Characterization of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) with XbaI and Spe I restriction enzymes. Results Cronobacter spp. strains were isolated from 25 samples, and the positive rates in infant powdered formulas and follow-up powdered formulas were 0.90%(10/1011) and 1.18%(15/1271), respectively. Analysis of variable data regarding different purchasing store formats, seasonality, and production locations as well as comparison of infant versus follow-up formulas did not reveal statistically significant factors. During the sampling period, one of six surveillance zones did exhibit a statistically significant trend towards higher positive rate. PFGE characterization of Cronobacter spp. to elucidate genetic diversity revealed only three pairs of Cronobacter spp. out of 25 having the same PFGE patterns. Conclusion The current investigation indicated a lower positive rate of Cronobacter spp. in the powdered formula in China. This evidence suggested contamination originating from multiple different sources during the manufacturing process.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is an emerging ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that cur...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is an emerging ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that currently contaminates a wide spectrum of foods including powdered milk and poses a lethal threat to neonates, the elderly and persons with immune deficiencies. They cause life threatening neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. A total of 360 samples of powdered infant formula were collected from postnatal hospital attendees reconstituting the PIF for their children in the North Central region of Nigeria where cases of infant mortality </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">very high and presenting as enterocolitis and diarrhea. Pre-enriched samples were cultured in chromogenic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> broth and were then further sub-cultured into a chromogenic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> agar. They were positive, exhibiting yellowish cultures typical of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Biochemical tests of the isolates were also carried out and indicated the presence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The isolates were then characterized molecularly using specie specific PCR detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The targeted genes of interest were </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ompA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CPA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene. The isolates tested showed bands for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ompA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene on electrophoresis imager and were confirmed as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In Nigeria, majority of infants are still fed with PIF. There is no existing data on the detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> previously reported in the North central region of Nigeria hence the need to carry out the present study. The result of the study demonstrated the need for effective prevention and control measures as contamination of PIF with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> constituted potential public health risk to neonates and infants.展开更多
文摘A total of 151 infant formula powder samples were tested for the screening of the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and it had been contaminated by the conditioned pathogen like Enterobacter sakazakii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae. The results showed that six samples were separated Enterobacter sakazakii, 24 samples were separated Enterobacteriaceae by using the traditional validation and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Then the result identified by API20E biochemistry test and VITEC2 identification system. Through the study we concluded the potential safety hazard of the current infant formula powder and should regard Enterobacteriaceae as an indicator to carry out effective management, the neglected mild and discontinuity contamination could be easily found, thus to guarantee the safety of the special group.
基金supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(2012AA101603)
文摘Objective To determine Cronobacter spp. contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China. Methods All of 2282 samples were collected from the retail markets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, and analyzed for Cronobacter spp. by the Chinese National Food Safety Standard. Characterization of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) with XbaI and Spe I restriction enzymes. Results Cronobacter spp. strains were isolated from 25 samples, and the positive rates in infant powdered formulas and follow-up powdered formulas were 0.90%(10/1011) and 1.18%(15/1271), respectively. Analysis of variable data regarding different purchasing store formats, seasonality, and production locations as well as comparison of infant versus follow-up formulas did not reveal statistically significant factors. During the sampling period, one of six surveillance zones did exhibit a statistically significant trend towards higher positive rate. PFGE characterization of Cronobacter spp. to elucidate genetic diversity revealed only three pairs of Cronobacter spp. out of 25 having the same PFGE patterns. Conclusion The current investigation indicated a lower positive rate of Cronobacter spp. in the powdered formula in China. This evidence suggested contamination originating from multiple different sources during the manufacturing process.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is an emerging ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen that currently contaminates a wide spectrum of foods including powdered milk and poses a lethal threat to neonates, the elderly and persons with immune deficiencies. They cause life threatening neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. A total of 360 samples of powdered infant formula were collected from postnatal hospital attendees reconstituting the PIF for their children in the North Central region of Nigeria where cases of infant mortality </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">very high and presenting as enterocolitis and diarrhea. Pre-enriched samples were cultured in chromogenic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> broth and were then further sub-cultured into a chromogenic </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> agar. They were positive, exhibiting yellowish cultures typical of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Biochemical tests of the isolates were also carried out and indicated the presence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The isolates were then characterized molecularly using specie specific PCR detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The targeted genes of interest were </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ompA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CPA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene. The isolates tested showed bands for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ompA</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gene on electrophoresis imager and were confirmed as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In Nigeria, majority of infants are still fed with PIF. There is no existing data on the detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> previously reported in the North central region of Nigeria hence the need to carry out the present study. The result of the study demonstrated the need for effective prevention and control measures as contamination of PIF with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cronobacter sakazakii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> constituted potential public health risk to neonates and infants.