Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other T...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.展开更多
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asy...Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.展开更多
Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seem...Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.展开更多
The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar prurit...The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar pruritus and pain.Currently,intralesional injections of corticosteroids are widely used in clinical practice.These require professional medical manipulation;however,the significant accompanying injection pain,repetition of injections and adverse effects,such as skin atrophy,skin pigmentation and telangiectasia,make this treatment modality an unpleasant experience for patients.Transdermal administration is,therefore,a promising non-invasive and easy-to-use method for corticosteroid administration for scar treatment.In this review,we first summarize the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids in scar prevention and treatment;then,we discuss current developments in intralesional injections and the progress of transdermal delivery systems of corticosteroids,as well as their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lac...Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lactams,which can be used as drugs[1];Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei are well-known industrial enzyme producers[2].展开更多
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus.However,cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa.WHO declared the ong...Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus.However,cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa.WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23,2022,in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community.Here,we review the epidemiology of monkeypox,monkeypox virus reservoirs,novel transmission patterns,mutations and mechanisms of viral infection,clinical characteristics,laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures.In addition,strategies for the prevention,such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine,is also included.Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks,especially among men who have sex with men.The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed,despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic.We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.展开更多
Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision m...Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision medicine,immunotherapy,and cell therapy,among others.In this special issue,we publish nine articles covering various topics,such as potential application of miRNAs in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment,molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis,plant-derived antitumor drugs,glioma angiogenesis inhibition,acute myeloid leukemia(AML)prognostic markers,therapeutic cancer vaccines,and genetic risk factors for gastric and prostate cancer.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81273726 and 81473625Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZY3-CCCX-3-3025
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
文摘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug （NSAID）-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.
文摘Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82172222,82272266 and 82102328)the Shanghai Clinical Research Project of Health Industry(20204Y0443)+1 种基金the Cross Research Project of Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(JYJC202009)the Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.22MC1940300).
文摘The prevention and treatment of pathological scars remain challenging.Corticosteroids are the mainstay drugs in clinical scar prevention and treatment as they effectively induce scar regression and improve scar pruritus and pain.Currently,intralesional injections of corticosteroids are widely used in clinical practice.These require professional medical manipulation;however,the significant accompanying injection pain,repetition of injections and adverse effects,such as skin atrophy,skin pigmentation and telangiectasia,make this treatment modality an unpleasant experience for patients.Transdermal administration is,therefore,a promising non-invasive and easy-to-use method for corticosteroid administration for scar treatment.In this review,we first summarize the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids in scar prevention and treatment;then,we discuss current developments in intralesional injections and the progress of transdermal delivery systems of corticosteroids,as well as their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32111530179).
文摘Fungi are widely distributed in the environment,and some are beneficial to medicine,industry,agriculture,and food.For example,Penicillium chrysogenum,Acremonium chrysogenum,and Aspergillus terreus can synthesizeβ-lactams,which can be used as drugs[1];Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei are well-known industrial enzyme producers[2].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972878,82172733)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1303403,2020YFC0860200)Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(2022ZDZX0024,2017SZDZX0012).
文摘Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease that was once endemic in west and central Africa caused by monkeypox virus.However,cases recently have been confirmed in many nonendemic countries outside of Africa.WHO declared the ongoing monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern on July 23,2022,in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases could pose a threat to the international community.Here,we review the epidemiology of monkeypox,monkeypox virus reservoirs,novel transmission patterns,mutations and mechanisms of viral infection,clinical characteristics,laboratory diagnosis and treatment measures.In addition,strategies for the prevention,such as vaccination of smallpox vaccine,is also included.Current epidemiological data indicate that high frequency of human-to-human transmission could lead to further outbreaks,especially among men who have sex with men.The development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against monkeypox virus is urgently needed,despite some therapeutic effects of currently used drugs in the clinic.We provide useful information to improve the understanding of monkeypox virus and give guidance for the government and relative agency to prevent and control the further spread of monkeypox virus.
文摘Cancer research is at the forefront of medical science,aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis of carcinogenesis as well as prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of cancers.Significant advances have been made in precision medicine,immunotherapy,and cell therapy,among others.In this special issue,we publish nine articles covering various topics,such as potential application of miRNAs in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment,molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis,plant-derived antitumor drugs,glioma angiogenesis inhibition,acute myeloid leukemia(AML)prognostic markers,therapeutic cancer vaccines,and genetic risk factors for gastric and prostate cancer.
