Weeping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa,Oleaceae) is a deciduous broad-leaved tree species distributed in the warm temperate zone of China.However,the species still lacks a chromosome-level genome.In this study,the form...Weeping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa,Oleaceae) is a deciduous broad-leaved tree species distributed in the warm temperate zone of China.However,the species still lacks a chromosome-level genome.In this study,the former draft genome (Accession No.WIPI00000000) of weeping forsythia was assembled into 14 chromosomes with a 712.9 Mb genome size.Weeping forsythia underwent a and b whole-genome duplication events.After the divergence between weeping forsythia and Olea europaea,1 453 gene families had a significant expansion,and 1 146 gene families had a significant contraction.The enrichment pathways and ontologies of expanded genes suggested that the tillering,photosynthesis and growth capacity of weeping forsythia were enhanced after the divergence of weeping forsythia and O.europaea.The contracted genes suggested that the resistance of weeping forsythia to cold and drought was weakened.The last glacial period led to a significant decline in the effective population size of weeping forsythia.Forty-six candidate genes were identified for the synthesis of the forsythin and forsythoside A by genomic and transcriptomic data.In this study,we improved the previous draft genome of weeping forsythia.Our genome will provide genomic resources for the subsequent evolution and breeding research of weeping forsythia.展开更多
The dried fruits of the plant Forsythia suspensa(Forsythia Fructus: Lianqiao in Chinese) are used in many herbal preparations to treat various diseases or the associated symptoms. Forsythia extracts contain phenyletha...The dried fruits of the plant Forsythia suspensa(Forsythia Fructus: Lianqiao in Chinese) are used in many herbal preparations to treat various diseases or the associated symptoms. Forsythia extracts contain phenylethanoid glycosides(Ph Gs) such as the forsythosides(Fst A-to-P). The leading products, Fst-A,-B and-F(arenarioside), can be found also in >90 other plants inventoried here. The pharmacological properties of Fst are reviewed, with emphasis on their anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial activities, which essentially derive from their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Fst-B functions as a potential binder of the repressor protein Kelch-like ECH-association protein 1(Keap 1), thus promoting the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) implicated in the subsequent activation of the production of antioxidant enzymes and repression of the oxidative stress. The regulation of the Nrf2/Heme oxygenase-1 pathway is the central piece of the multifaceted mechanism of action of Fst-A/B. Their prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects support the use of these compounds in different inflammation-related diseases and conditions, from sepsis to neuroprotection and many other pathologies discussed here. In addition, these properties contribute to the antiviral action of the compounds. Fst-A/B displays activities against the influenza A virus and different Fst-containing traditional Chinese medicinal(TCMs) have revealed beneficial effects to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms whereby Fst-A/B could inhibit viral multiplication are discussed. Ph Gs likely contribute to the anti-COVID-19 activities reported with several TCM such as Shuang-Huang-Lian oral liquid, Lianhua-Qingwen capsules, and others. This review highlights the pharmacological profile of Fst and illustrates health benefits associated with the use of Forsythia Fructus.展开更多
Ischemic brain stroke is pathologically characterized by tissue acidosis, sustained calcium entry and progressive cell death. Previous studies focusing on antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors have failed ...Ischemic brain stroke is pathologically characterized by tissue acidosis, sustained calcium entry and progressive cell death. Previous studies focusing on antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors have failed to translate any clinical benefits, suggesting a non-NMDA mechanism involved in the sustained injury after stroke. Here, we report that inhibition of intracellular proton-sensitive Ca^(2+)-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 3(TRPV3) channel protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. TRPV3 expression is upregulated in mice subjected to cerebral I/R injury. Silencing of TRPV3 reduces intrinsic neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic transmissions, and also attenuates cerebral I/R injury in mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO). Conversely, overexpressing or re-expressing TRPV3 increases neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic transmissions and aggravates cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, specific inhibition of TRPV3 by natural forsythoside B decreases neural excitability and attenuates cerebral I/R injury. Taken together, our findings for the first time reveal a causative role of neuronal TRPV3 channel in progressive cell death after stroke, and blocking overactive TRPV3 channel may provide therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury.展开更多
Objective To develop an effective method for simultaneous determination of eight major components in Liuwei Wuling Tablet(LWT). Methods Reversed phase HPLC method was used with variously improved conditions. Results...Objective To develop an effective method for simultaneous determination of eight major components in Liuwei Wuling Tablet(LWT). Methods Reversed phase HPLC method was used with variously improved conditions. Results Salidroside, forsythoside A, specnuezhenide, phillyrin, schisandrol A, schizandrol A, schizandrin A, and schizandrin B in LWT were successfully separated on a Kromasil 100-5-C_(18) reverse phase column(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile -0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution) as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 275 nm with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The recovery rate of the method was within the range of 95.13%-104.56% and the precision(RSD) was less than 3% for all eight analytes. All the compounds showed good linearities(r^2〉0.9980) in a relatively wide concentration range. Conclusion Simultaneous quantification of the multiple components by HPLC would be a better strategy for the quality evaluation of LWT.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Chinese Academy of Forestry)(Grant No.TGB2021004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.31770225,31570594)Program of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.202102021257)。
文摘Weeping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa,Oleaceae) is a deciduous broad-leaved tree species distributed in the warm temperate zone of China.However,the species still lacks a chromosome-level genome.In this study,the former draft genome (Accession No.WIPI00000000) of weeping forsythia was assembled into 14 chromosomes with a 712.9 Mb genome size.Weeping forsythia underwent a and b whole-genome duplication events.After the divergence between weeping forsythia and Olea europaea,1 453 gene families had a significant expansion,and 1 146 gene families had a significant contraction.The enrichment pathways and ontologies of expanded genes suggested that the tillering,photosynthesis and growth capacity of weeping forsythia were enhanced after the divergence of weeping forsythia and O.europaea.The contracted genes suggested that the resistance of weeping forsythia to cold and drought was weakened.The last glacial period led to a significant decline in the effective population size of weeping forsythia.Forty-six candidate genes were identified for the synthesis of the forsythin and forsythoside A by genomic and transcriptomic data.In this study,we improved the previous draft genome of weeping forsythia.Our genome will provide genomic resources for the subsequent evolution and breeding research of weeping forsythia.
文摘The dried fruits of the plant Forsythia suspensa(Forsythia Fructus: Lianqiao in Chinese) are used in many herbal preparations to treat various diseases or the associated symptoms. Forsythia extracts contain phenylethanoid glycosides(Ph Gs) such as the forsythosides(Fst A-to-P). The leading products, Fst-A,-B and-F(arenarioside), can be found also in >90 other plants inventoried here. The pharmacological properties of Fst are reviewed, with emphasis on their anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial activities, which essentially derive from their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Fst-B functions as a potential binder of the repressor protein Kelch-like ECH-association protein 1(Keap 1), thus promoting the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) implicated in the subsequent activation of the production of antioxidant enzymes and repression of the oxidative stress. The regulation of the Nrf2/Heme oxygenase-1 pathway is the central piece of the multifaceted mechanism of action of Fst-A/B. Their prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects support the use of these compounds in different inflammation-related diseases and conditions, from sepsis to neuroprotection and many other pathologies discussed here. In addition, these properties contribute to the antiviral action of the compounds. Fst-A/B displays activities against the influenza A virus and different Fst-containing traditional Chinese medicinal(TCMs) have revealed beneficial effects to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms whereby Fst-A/B could inhibit viral multiplication are discussed. Ph Gs likely contribute to the anti-COVID-19 activities reported with several TCM such as Shuang-Huang-Lian oral liquid, Lianhua-Qingwen capsules, and others. This review highlights the pharmacological profile of Fst and illustrates health benefits associated with the use of Forsythia Fructus.
基金supported by grants awarded to KeWei Wang from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903734 and81973299)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018ZX09711001-004-006)。
文摘Ischemic brain stroke is pathologically characterized by tissue acidosis, sustained calcium entry and progressive cell death. Previous studies focusing on antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors have failed to translate any clinical benefits, suggesting a non-NMDA mechanism involved in the sustained injury after stroke. Here, we report that inhibition of intracellular proton-sensitive Ca^(2+)-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid 3(TRPV3) channel protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. TRPV3 expression is upregulated in mice subjected to cerebral I/R injury. Silencing of TRPV3 reduces intrinsic neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic transmissions, and also attenuates cerebral I/R injury in mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO). Conversely, overexpressing or re-expressing TRPV3 increases neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic transmissions and aggravates cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, specific inhibition of TRPV3 by natural forsythoside B decreases neural excitability and attenuates cerebral I/R injury. Taken together, our findings for the first time reveal a causative role of neuronal TRPV3 channel in progressive cell death after stroke, and blocking overactive TRPV3 channel may provide therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81330090)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81274026)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.03772888)
文摘Objective To develop an effective method for simultaneous determination of eight major components in Liuwei Wuling Tablet(LWT). Methods Reversed phase HPLC method was used with variously improved conditions. Results Salidroside, forsythoside A, specnuezhenide, phillyrin, schisandrol A, schizandrol A, schizandrin A, and schizandrin B in LWT were successfully separated on a Kromasil 100-5-C_(18) reverse phase column(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile -0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution) as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 275 nm with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The recovery rate of the method was within the range of 95.13%-104.56% and the precision(RSD) was less than 3% for all eight analytes. All the compounds showed good linearities(r^2〉0.9980) in a relatively wide concentration range. Conclusion Simultaneous quantification of the multiple components by HPLC would be a better strategy for the quality evaluation of LWT.