The Influence of LOS Components on the Statistical Properties of the Capacity of Amplify-and-Forward Channels

Amplify-and-forward channels in cooperative networks provide a promising improvement in the network coverage and system throughput. Under line-of-sight (LOS) propagation conditions in such cooperative networks, the overall fading channel can be modeled by a double Rice process. In this article, we have stud-ied the statistical properties of the capacity of double Rice fading channels. We have derived the analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), level- crossing rate (LCR), and average duration of fades (ADF) of the channel capacity. The obtained results are studied for different values of the amplitudes of the LOS components in the two links of double Rice fading channels. It has been observed that the statistics of the capacity of double Rice fading channels are quite dif-ferent from those of double Rayleigh and classical Rice fading channels. Moreover, the presence of an LOS component in any of the two links increases the mean channel capacity and the LCR of the channel capacity. The validity of the theoretical results is confirmed by simulations. The results presented in this article can be very useful for communication system designers to optimize the performance of cooperative networks in wireless communication systems.

Polar Codes for Soft Decode-and-Forward in HalfDuplex Relay Channels

Soft decode-and-forward(DF) can combine the advantages of both amplify-and-forward and hard DF in relay channels. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity soft DF scheme based on polar codes, which features two key techniques: a low-complexity cyclic redundancy check(CRC) aided list successive cancellation(CALSC) decoder and a soft information calculation method. At the relay node, a low-complexity CALSC decoder is designed to reduce the computational complexity by adjusting the list size according to the reliabilities of decoded bits. Based on the path probability metric of the CALSC decoder, we propose a method to compute the soft information of the decoded bits in CALSC. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the soft DF based on low-density parity-check codes and the soft DF with belief propagation or soft cancellation decoder, especially in the case when the source-relay channel is at the high signal-to-ratio region.

Outage Probability Analysis for Modified Decode-and-Forward Model over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

This paper proposes a modified decodeand-forward(DAF) protocol with a three-node model,which contains two users and one destination.Each user can be either the source or the relay in different frames.We analyze the four cooperative cases in the first frame and run simulations to obtain the optimal power allocation coefficients in the second frame.The closed-form expression of outage probability is derived over Nakagami-m fading channels.Furthermore,we show that the proposed model has better performance than the non-cooperation system and traditional DAF strategy based on the derived outage probability.

地震正演在深水沉积地层研究中的应用

为提升深水沉积地层的地震解释精度和地震数据信息提取能力,通过对带有峡谷的陆坡沉积进行地震正演,分析了浊流和块体搬运主控的沟谷、水道、峡谷的地震反射特征,并在此基础上对水道天然堤复合体进行精细正演。综合分析认为:块体搬运主控沟谷宽深比小且为对称充填状,内部主要为杂乱弱振幅反射;而浊流主控峡谷宽深比大,内部为波状强振幅反射;地层顶底界面夹角越小,真实尖灭点与地震反射尖灭点间的误差越大;水道天然堤复合体厚度变小使得地震反射频率降低,振幅增强;水道饱含水时的振幅强于饱含气时的振幅。由此进一步明确了不同形态属性特征下多类型深水沉积体的地震响应特征,可以有效提高深水沉积地层地震资料综合解释精度。

一款0.16 mm^(2)基于180 nm CMOS采用全局去偏斜的半速率8×2.5 Gb/s时钟转发架构接收机

在时钟转发架构的高速有线通信接收机中,需要去偏斜电路实现时钟与数据之间的最佳采样关系,并保证多路数据的同步。本文提出了一种全局去偏斜方案,仅采用一路数据与时钟进行对齐,并通过时钟延时匹配与分布技术实现多路数据同步,减小了各通道独立去偏斜方案带来的功耗与面积开销。所提出的接收机由8路数据通道、1路半速率转发时钟通道与基于延迟锁定环路的全局去偏斜电路构成。基于180 nm CMOS工艺,在2.5 Gb/s数据率下,可去除输入时钟与数据任意偏斜,得到位于数据中心的采样相位,同时具有时钟占空比校准能力。在1.8 V电源电压下,所提出的接收机总功耗为187 mW,总面积为0.16 mm^(2),对比各通道独立去偏斜方案,功耗和面积开销分别节约了45.2%与62.8%。

半双工译码转发中继信道下的空间耦合RA码设计

针对半双工译码转发中继信道,提出了一种可逼近三节点中继信道容量限的空间耦合RA码的设计方法。针对二进制删除信道,源节点分别向中继节点和目的节点发送空间耦合RA码,中继节点先正确恢复出源节点发送的空间耦合RA,然后再次编码产生额外的校验比特并转发给目的节点;目的节点结合中继节点发送的额外校验比特和源节点发送的空间耦合RA码进行译码,正确恢复出源节点的信息。为了评估所设计的空间耦合RA码在三节点中继信道下的渐近性能,推导了密度进化算法用于计算阈值。阈值分析结果表明,所提出的空间耦合RA码能够同时逼近源到中继链路和源到目的链路的容量限。同时,基于半双工二进制删除中继信道,仿真了所设计的空间耦合RA码的误码性能,结果表明,其误码性能与所推导的密度进化算法计算的阈值结果一致,呈现出逼近于容量限的优异性能,且优于采用空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(Low Density Parity Check,LDPC)码的性能。

柔性直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应特性研究

传统直流光纤电流互感器无法满足柔性直流输电工程的高速响应需求,因此需要研究直流光纤电流互感器的阶跃响应特性及其动态性能改善方法。文中结合直流光纤电流互感器的离散数学模型,对其动态特性进行了全面的仿真、计算和实验研究,结果表明:影响直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应特性的关键参数是渡越时间、前向通道增益、滤波器阶数和通讯延迟。搭建了直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应测试平台,经参数优化后的直流光纤电流互感器的阶跃响应上升时间小于50μs,满足相关应用要求。

基于多分量地震资料的河道砂体刻画及含气性预测技术——以QL地区沙溪庙组为例

四川盆地中部地区中侏罗统沙溪庙组为三角洲前缘沉积,水下分流河道砂体发育,是新一轮非常规天然气勘探开发的新领域。但依靠现有纵波地震资料刻画出的河道砂体边界不清楚、部署的井位产能差异较大,难以满足致密气高效勘探开发的需求。针对勘探与开发的需求以及面临的河道砂体边界刻画不准确、储层含气性预测难等地质问题,利用2020年QL地区新采集的三维三分量地震勘探资料开展了研究,形成了基于多波地震资料融合的河道雕刻技术。该技术较单一纵波可更加清楚地刻画河道边界,补充中、高阻抗河道砂体的识别;形成了基于多波资料的含气预测技术,并利用河道砂体含气后纵波、转换波的地震振幅响应特征及相位特征的差异性,建立了高产气井的多波地震响应模式,从而获得含气性预测成果。该研究成果支撑了区内致密气开发井位部署,为致密气高效开发奠定了基础。

致密砂岩油气藏地震正演模拟

地震正演是地震储层预测必不可少的部分。在致密砂岩储层中,正演研究相对较少,反射特征认识不充分,而目前随着勘探开发进入隐蔽化,需要加强对致密砂岩储层发育特征的认识。为提高这一认识,以H油田C8油组为例开展了致密储层的正演研究,取得了以下研究成果:1)砂厚与地震属性之间的关系受砂泥岩阻抗差大小的影响。当阻抗差较大时,振幅随厚度的变化幅度明显;当阻抗差依次减小时,振幅随砂厚变化的幅度也依次变小。2)存在着一个临界的孔隙度0.08,当孔隙度小于0.08时,砂岩对应波峰-波谷,振幅随孔隙度增大而减小;当孔隙度等于0.08时,砂泥岩阻抗相等振幅为零;当孔隙度大于0.08时,极性出现反转,砂岩对应波谷-波峰,振幅随孔隙度增大而增大。3)河道的正演结果表现为单个复合河道地震同向轴相应为顶平底凸的下切和边部收敛;两河道纵向切叠为晚期河道切割出现下切和边部收敛;河道侧向切叠为早期复合河道被晚期的河道切割,晚期复合河道形态保存完整。4)前积体的正演结果表现为明显的顶底板反射及两侧反射形成平行四边形的形状。利用该研究成果对C8油组进行了储层砂体的预测,共识别河道7条,为进一步的储层预测奠定了基础。

全渠道供应链网络节点约束存储转发调度方法

在全渠道供应链网络中,资源请求被阻塞,出现资源调度拥挤现象,导致调度时间变长,影响整体调度效率。因此,提出了全渠道供应链网络节点约束存储转发调度方法。根据搭建网络节点约束存储转发调度框架,计算资源请求阻塞概率,利用时移多层图法实现空间和时间资源请求指令的双向传送,避免出现请求阻塞问题。构建调度决策目标函数,调整网络节点约束存储转发顺序,确定供应链网络节点约束下存储转发成功率,实现节点约束存储转发调度。实验结果可知,该方法调度时长最短为30 s,且调度路径与预先设定路径吻合,具有高效调度效果。

基于变步长匹配追踪的G3-PLC系统信道估计算法

为合理利用电力线信道的稀疏特性,提高G3-PLC系统通信的可靠性,基于压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)理论,提出一种稀疏度自适应的变步长前向后向匹配追踪(sparsity adaptive variable step size forward-backward pursuit,SA-VSSFBP)算法。该算法在前向后向匹配追踪算法(forward-backward pursuit,FBP)的基础上引入变步长自适应的思想,于迭代初期选择大步长以减小迭代次数,迭代后期使用小步长获得精确估计。同时利用原子匹配度测试进行稀疏度预估计,确保逼近真实稀疏度的前提下,加快迭代速度,减少算法运行的时间。仿真实验结果表明,对比传统的信道估计方式,压缩感知信道估计方式具有更优越的性能,且相较于正交匹配追踪算法(orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)与FBP的压缩感知信道估计算法,文章提出的算法能够在保证精度与步长为1的FBP相当的情况下算法效率分别能够提升24.14%和47.2%。

南水北调中线渠首前馈控制方案快速计算分析

明渠调水工程中为适时适量的满足下游用水需求,需要提前制定控制方案。前馈控制方案的设计往往较为复杂,且影响因素众多,调度人员难以快速做出决策。基于蓄量补偿法对南水北调中线工程刁河节制闸至十二里河节制闸段作前馈控制,基于蓄量补偿计算结果,分析了初始流量、分水流量与前馈控制时间的关系,构建了单、双变量的前馈控制时间快速计算公式。探究了不同因素对蓄量补偿控制下游水位偏差的影响,得到初始流量、分水流量与下游水位最大偏差之间的函数关系式。针对工程运行中的极端工况,原蓄量补偿控制的下游水位偏差过大的问题,采用二次蓄量补偿规则对渠池进行前馈控制,有效减小了下游水位偏差。

Performance Analysis of AF Relaying Aided Space Shift Keying System with Imperfect Channel Estimation

Space shift keying (SSK) is a spectrally efficient and low-complexity technique that only uses antenna index to convey information.Combining SSK with cooperative communication,the transmission reliability of SSK system can be improved effectively.In this paper,considering imperfect channel information,the performance of cooperative SSK system with amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocol is investigated,and the effect of estimation error on the performance is analyzed.According to the performance analysis,the probability density function and moment generating function of effective signal-to-noise ratio are derived,respectively.Using these results,the closed-form expression of average bit error rate (BER) can be achieved.Meanwhile,the asymptotically approximated BER and the corresponding diversity order analysis are presented for the performance evaluation.By computer simulations,the validness of the presented theoretical analysis is verified,and the theoretical BERs with different estimation errors are shown to be close to those of the corresponding simulations.

Imperfect Channel State Information of AF and DF Energy Harvesting Cooperative Networks

Wireless information and powered transfer networks(WIPT) has recently been implemented in 5th generation wireless networks. In this paper, we consider half-duplex relaying system in which the energy constrained relay node collects energy via radio frequency(RF) signals from the surrounding resources. Regarding energy harvesting protocol, we propose power time switching-based relaying(PTSR) architecture for both amplify-and-forward(AF) and decode-and-forward(DF). Especially, we reveal the analytical expressions of achievable throughput, ergodic capacity and energy-efficient in case of imperfect channel state information(CSI) for both AF and DF network. Through numerical analysis, we analyse the throughput performance, energy-efficient and ergodic capacity for different parameters, including power splitting ratio and energy harvesting time. Moreover, we also depict the performance comparison between AF and DF network with perfect and imperfect CSI. The results in numerical analysis reveal that the result of AF relaying network is less significant than DF relaying network in the various scenarios.

Parameter Optimization for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Systems with Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation Scheme

Cooperative diversity is a promising technology for future wireless networks. In this paper, we consider a cooperative communication system operating in an amplify-and-forward (AF) mode with a pilot symbol as-sisted modulation (PSAM) scheme. It is assumed that a linear minimum mean square estimator (LMMSE) is used for the channel estimation at the receiver. A simple and easy-to-evaluate asymptotical upper bound (AUB) of the symbol-error-rate (SER) is derived for uncoded AF cooperative communication systems with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. Based on the AUB, we propose a criterion for the parameter optimization in the PSAM scheme. We discuss how the pilot spacing and the length of the Wiener ?lter should be chosen under the constraint of a tradeoff between pilot overhead, estimation accuracy, and receiver complexity. We also formulate an power allocation problem for the considered system. It is shown that the power allocation problem can optimally be solved by means of a gradient search method. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the correctness of the theoretical results and to demonstrate the benefits of the parameter optimization.

一主双次三属性优化组合古河道识别技术研究及应用

我国大多数盆地都发育古河道沉积,现有研究表明古河道沉积已成为我国油气聚集的重要场所,对其进行可靠地预测对寻找古河道类型油气藏具有重要意思。利用地震属性来进行古河道的预测是目前的主要方法,但通过正演模拟研究发现,不同单一地震属性对河道沉积的敏感性不同,有些属性对大多数河道沉积的沉积比较敏感(如均方根振幅、平均反射强度等),有些对部分较厚的河道沉积特别敏感,而对其他河道沉积反映一般。基于这一认识,提出了一种称之为一主双次三属性组合的新属性,该属性结合了均方根属性、振幅的立方差和平均频率的优点而建立,S油田的正演模拟和应用表明,该组合属性相对单一敏感属性在预测古河道沉积方面更有优势。

CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE IN MULTI-ANTENNA AF RELAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

The channel estimation technique is investigated in OFDM communication systems with multi-antenna Amplify-and-Forward(AF) relay.The Space-Time Block Code(STBC) is applied at the transmitter of the relay to obtain diversity gain.According to the transmission characteristics of OFDM symbols on multiple antennas,a pilot-aided Linear Minimum Mean-Square-Error(LMMSE) channel estimation algorithm with low complexity is designed.Simulation results show that,the proposed LMMSE estimator outperforms least-square estimator and approaches the optimal estimator without error in the performance of Symbol Error Ratio(SER) under several modulation modes,and has a good estimation effect in the realistic relay communication scenario.

Optimal cooperative beamforming design schemes for AF MOMO two-way relay channels

In this paper,beamforming parameters in multiple input multiple output(MIMO) two-way relay channels(TWRCs) are designed.We investigate three communicating scenarios,in which,the source nodes are all equipped with multiple antennas.In the first scenario,one pair of source nodes are communicating with each other under the help of a single multi-antenna equipped relay.A centralized scheme is correspondingly developed where the optimal relay beamforming(RaB) is jointly designed with the transmit beamformings(TBs) and the receive beamformings(RcBs) at both source nodes to minimize the sum of mean square errors(SMSE).In the second scenario,one pair of users in the first scenario is extended to multi-pair of source nodes.We derive a general expression of the optimal RaB matrix of this scenario in the second scheme,and based on which,a RaB matrix is designed to cancel the inter-pair interference(IPI) and to minimize the intra-pair SMSE.At last,we consider a distributed scenario where multiple single-antenna equipped relays are helping the communication between one pair of source nodes.In the scheme associated with this scenario,beamformings are developed under relay total power constraint and relay individual power constraint,respectively.The simulation results reveal that beamformings at source and relay nodes significantly improve the performance in the sense of average bit error rate(BER).The proposed multi-pair scheme has made superior progress in BER performance because it not only can cancel the IPIs but also can balance the useful signal and the noise at each user.Moreover,in one-pair scenarios,the performance of the centralized scheme is better than the distributed one,but the latter is nevertheless much more practical.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAYING SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE INTERFERERS AT THE RELAY

In this paper,we investigate the performance of the two-way Amplify-and-Forward(AF) relaying systems in an interference-limited Rayleigh fading environment.More specifically,assuming the presence of Rayleigh faded multiple interferers at the AF relay and noisy sources,an approximate closed-form expression for the Overall Outage Probability(OOP) and an integral expression for the average Symbol Error Probability(SEP) are derived.The analysis results are verified through com-parison with the Monte Carlo simulation results.

Outage Performance of Opportunistic Amplify-and-Forward Relaying over Asymmetric Fading Environments

This letter analyzes the outage probability of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying over asymmetric and independent but non-identically distributed (i.n.d) fading environments. The work investigates the scenarios where cooperative nodes are located at different geographical locations. As a result, the different signals are affected by different i.n.d fading channels, one may undergo Rician fading distribution and others may undergo Rayleigh fading distribution. In this letter, a lower bound of the outage probability for various asymmetric fading environments is derived at high SNR by applying the initial value theorem. The analytical model is validated through Monte-Carlo simulation results.