Design andtwo-objective simultaneous optimization of torque controller for switched reluctance motor in electric vehicle

In order to reduce the torque ripple,increase the average torque and optimize the drive performance of the switched reluctance motor (SRM),the nonlinear dynamic model of SRM is established in the MATLAB /Simulink environment.The effects of the turn-on and turn-off angles are investigated by the simulation results of the dynamic model,and the function is made among the rotor speed,turn-on angle and turn-off angle.To optimize the torque dynamic performance,the two-objective simultaneous optimization function is proposed by two weight factors.And the optimized turn-on and turn-off angles as functions of rotor speed are developed by using the simultaneous optimization method.Then the optimized torque controller is designed based on the optimized turn-on and turn-off angles.The simulation results show that the optimized torque controller designed in this paper can effectively reduce the torque ripple and increase the average torque,and optimize the torque dynamic performance of the SRM.

Temperature Fluctuation Synthesis/Simultaneous Densification and Microstructure Control of Titanium Silicon Carbide (Ti_3SiC_2) Ceramics

A novel temperature fluctuation synthesis/simultaneous densification process was developed for the preparation of Ti3SiC2 bulk ceramics. In this process. Si is used as an in-situ liquid forming phase and it is favorable for both the solid-liquid synthesis and the densification of Ti3SiC2 rainies. The present work demonstrated that the temperature fluctuation synthesis/simultaneous densification process is one of the most effective and simple methods for the preparation of Ti3SiC2 bulk materials providing relatively low synthesis temperature. short reaction time; and simultaneous synthesis and densification. This work also showed the capability to control the microstructure, e.g., the preferred orientation, of the bulk Ti3SiC2 materials simply by applying the hot pressing pressure at different Stages of the temperature fluctuation process. And textured Ti3SiC2 bulk materials with {002} faces of laminated Ti3SiC2 grains normal to the hot pressing axis were prepared.

Simultaneous Optimal Controls for Non-Stationary Stokes Systems

This paper deal with optimal control problems for a non-stationary Stokes system. We study a simultaneous distributed-boundary optimal control problem with distributed observation. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a simultaneous optimal control and we give the first order optimality condition for this problem. We also consider a distributed optimal control problem and a boundary optimal control problem and we obtain estimations between the simultaneous optimal control and the optimal controls of these last ones. Finally, some regularity results are presented.

CONVEX CONTROLLER DESIGN APPLIED TO AC INDUCTION MOTOR TO SATISFY MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS SPECIFICATIONS

The application of a closed-loop specification oriented feedback control design method, which addresses the design of controllers to satisfy multiple simultaneous conflicting closed-loop performance specifications is presented. The proposed approach is well suited to the design of controllers which must meet a set of conflicting performance specifications. Gain tuning is central to the design process, however, the tuning process is greatly simplified over that presented by the problem of tuning a PID controller for example. The proposed control method is applied to an AC induction motor, with an inner-loop flux vector controller applied to design a position control system. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of this method.

RULED SURFACE MACHINING BY 4-AXES SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL WIRE-EDM

On the tasis of study in the mathematical model of 3-dimensional ruled surface (RS),this paper introduces a new concept of distance paramcter (DP) and also puts forward that themethod of modeling a RS depends on not only two boundary curves but also DP. According toabove theory, the formulas to calculate corresponding point coordinates to any kind of top and bot-tom profile of a workpiece and formulas to calcuate the maximum inclination angle of ruling linehave been obtained. Then a different top and bottom RS mathining method including profile withline-are combination as well as parametric curves has been achieved by 4-axes simultancous con-trol programming proposed.

Model Reference Adaptive Controller for Simultaneous Voltage and Frequency Restoration of Autonomous AC Microgrids

In an autonomous droop-based microgrid,the system voltage and frequency(VaF)are subject to deviations as load changes.Despite the existence of various control methods aimed at correcting system frequency deviations at the secondary control level without any communication network,the challenges associated with these methods and their abilities to simul-taneously restore microgrid VaF have not been fully investigated.In this paper,a multi-input multi-output(MIMO)model reference adaptive controller(MRAC)is proposed to achieve VaF restoration while accurate power sharing among distributed generators(DGs)is maintained.The proposed MRAC,without any communication network,is designed based on two methods:droop-based and inertia-based methods.For the microgrid,the suggested design procedure is started by defining a model reference in which the control objectives,such as the desired settling time,the maximum tolerable overshoot,and steady-state error,are considered.Then,a feedback-feedforward con-troller is established,of which the gains are adaptively tuned by some rules derived from the Lyapunov stability theory.Through some simulations in MATLAB/SimPowerSystem Tool-box,the proposed MRAC demonstrates satisfactory perfor-mance.

Passive seismic velocity tomography on longwall mining panel based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique (SIRT)

Mining operation, especially underground coal mining, always has the remarkable risks of ground control. Passive seismic velocity tomography based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique （SIRT） inversion is used to deduce the stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel. The mining-induced microseismic events were recorded by mounting an array of receivers on the surface, above the active panel. After processing and filtering the seismic data, the three-dimensional tomography images of the p-wave velocity variations by SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography were provided. To display the velocity changes on coal seam level and subsequently to infer the stress redistribution, these three-dimensional tomograms into the coal seam level were sliced. In addition, the boundary element method （BEM） was used to simulate the stress redistribution. The results show that the inferred stresses from the passive seismic tomograms are conformed to numerical models and theoretical concept of the stress redistribution around the longwall panel. In velocity tomograms, the main zones of the stress redistribution arotmd the panel, including front and side abutment pressures, and gob stress are obvious and also the movement of stress zones along the face advancement is evident. Moreover, the effect of the advance rate of the face on the stress redistribution is demonstrated in tomography images. The research result proves that the SIRT passive seismic velocity tomography has an ultimate potential for monitoring the changes of stress redistribution around the longwall mining panel continuously and subsequently to improve safety of mining operations.

Solution of Chemical Dynamic Optimization Using the Simultaneous Strategies

An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control vari- ables based on the finite-element collocation so as to control the approximation error for discrete optimal problems, where a set of control constraints at dement knots are integrated with the procedure for optimization leading to a significant gain in the accuracy of the simultaneous strategies. The second technique is to make the mesh refine- ment more feasible and reliable by introducing length constraints and guideline in designing appropriate element length boundaries, so that the proposed approach becomes more efficient in adjusting dements to track optimal control profile breakpoints and ensure accurate state and centrol profiles. Four classic benchmarks of dynamic op- timization problems are used as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with literature reports. The research results reveal that the proposed approach is preferz,ble in improving the solution accuracy of chemical dy- namic optimization problem.

Decoupling Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer Design for Wind Turbines Subject to Simultaneous Faults in Sensors and Actuators

This paper proposes an adaptive sliding mode observer(ASMO)-based approach for wind turbines subject to simultaneous faults in sensors and actuators.The proposed approach enables the simultaneous detection of actuator and sensor faults without the need for any redundant hardware components.Additionally,wind speed variations are considered as unknown disturbances,thus eliminating the need for accurate measurement or estimation.The proposed ASMO enables the accurate estimation and reconstruction of the descriptor states and disturbances.The proposed design implements the principle of separation to enable the use of the nominal controller during faulty conditions.Fault tolerance is achieved by implementing a signal correction scheme to recover the nominal behavior.The performance of the proposed approach is validated using a 4.8 MW wind turbine benchmark model subject to various faults.Monte-Carlo analysis is also carried out to further evaluate the reliability and robustness of the proposed approach in the presence of measurement errors.Simplicity,ease of implementation and the decoupling property are among the positive features of the proposed approach.

Optimization of rice wine fermentation process based on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation kinetic model

Chinese rice wine making is a typical simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） process. During the fermentation process, temperature is one of the key parameters which decide the quality of Chinese rice wine. To optimize the SSF process for Chinese rice wine brewing, the effects of temperature on the kinetic parameters of yeast growth and ethanol production at various temperatures were determined in batch cultures using a mathematical model. The kinetic parameters as a function of temperature were evaluated using the software Origin8.0. Combing these functions with the mathematical model, an appropriate form of the model equations for the SSF considering the effects of temperature were developed. The kinetic parameters were found to fit the experimental data satisfactorily with the developed temperature-dependent model. The temperature profile for maximizing the ethanol production for rice wine fermentation was determined by genetic algorithm. The optimum temperature profile began at a low temperature of 26℃ up to 30 h. The operating temperature increased rapidly to 31.9 ℃, and then decreased slowly to 18℃ at 65 h. Thereafter, the temperature was maintained at 18 ℃ until the end of fermentation. A maximum ethanol production of 89.3 g.L 1 was attained. Conceivably, our model would facilitate the improvement of Chinese rice wine production at the industrial scale.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Constituents in Cangbaiqutong Capsule by HPLC Wavelength Switching Technique

[Objectives] To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wavelength switching method for the simultaneous determination of content of six constituents (phellodendrine chloride, gentiopicrin, paeoniflorin, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol) in Cangbaiqutong capsules, and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Cangbaiqutong capsule.[Methods] The chromatographic column of Waters XSELECT CSH-C 18 (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate solution, gradient elution (0-15 min,10%-18% A;15-30 min,18%-50% A;30-35 min, 50%-10% A);the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, wavelength switching of 284 (0-7 min, phellodendrine), 274 (7-10 min, gentiopicrin), 230 (10-14 min, paeoniflorin) and 274 nm (14-35 min, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride, paeonol), the injection volume of 10 μL.[Results] There was a good linear relationship between the area of chromatographic peak and the injection volume of phellodendrine chloride, gentiopicrin, paeoniflorin, tetrandrine, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol in the range of 0.150-1.504, 0.768-7.680, 1.096-10.960, 0.220-2.200, 0.296-2.956, 0.0345-0.345 μg, respectively;the average recovery rates ( n =6) were 98.3%, 99.2%, 98.8%, 98.8%, 99.1% and 98.2%, respectively;the RSD value was 1.32%, 1.46%, 1.08%, 1.31%, 1.26% and 1.21%, respectively.[Conclusions] The method can be used to determine many kinds of constituents at the same time, and the operation is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of compound Cangbaiqutong capsules.

相邻深基坑开挖相互影响及变形控制研究

以北京城市副中心站综合交通枢纽项目大铁深基坑和02B区深基坑分期开挖为研究对象,采用有限元软件建立了局部精细化模型,对相邻深基坑开挖的变形特性和影响因素进行了研究,并提出了深基坑变形控制措施。研究结果表明,在相邻深基坑近接施工过程中,先开挖的深基坑呈向后开挖深基坑方向移动的趋势,而坑间土地表沉降变形从凹槽形变为双峰形;根据拟合出的变形曲线斜率,可以将相邻深基坑近接施工影响分区划分为:d<2h为强影响区,2h≤d<4h为次影响区,4h≤d<6h为弱影响区,d≥6h为无影响区;为了确保深基坑群施工的整体稳定性,最优开挖顺序是同步开挖,如需分步开挖应优先开挖支护结构刚度较大、支护力度较强的深基坑;该工程可通过及时在逆作区架设上斜撑来实现变形控制的目的。

和利时MACS-K系列DCS在润滑油生产过程中的应用

中国石化润滑油济南分公司采取和利时MACS-K系列DCS与引进SMB技术相结合的方式,设计了一套完整的控制系统,实现了自动计量、自动球扫、实时显示、实时报警、趋势分析、报表打印、设备控制方式的无扰切换等功能,从而保证了润滑油的高质量生产。

N个接收方的同时密集编码协议

针对当前同时密集编码中接收方数量受限问题,通过引入n比特量子傅里叶变换,提出了具有多个接收方的非受控和受控同时密集编码协议。在非受控多方同时密集编码协议中,发送方在待传粒子上执行编码以及加锁操作,接收方只有联合执行解锁操作,才能同时获得最终的编码信息;在受控多方同时密集编码协议中,只有全体接收者在控制者的允许下通过协作才能完成信息的传输。通过对内部和外部攻击进行了分析,证实了同时密集编码协议的安全性。此外,所提出的方案中只使用Bell基测量,在实验条件下容易实现。

海上特超稠油油藏小井距蒸汽吞吐汽窜堵调工艺

渤海某大规模热采开发的特超稠油油藏在一轮次注热期间井间汽窜率超70%,严重影响油田产能。针对该情况,基于探井、测井认识,先后开展药剂性能评价、单/双管驱替实验及现场堵调应用,对高含水层物性得到了进一步认识,随后开展泡沫调剖、井组同注数值模拟及现场试验,井间汽窜得到有效控制。研究结果表明,局部高含水低渗储层经蒸汽冲刷后平均渗透率或高于探井阶段测量值,对于已汽窜井开展井组同注措施,对于未汽窜井及井组边部井采用强化泡沫调剖,该措施不仅可以有效控制和预防汽窜,同时可均匀动用储层,优势层段吸汽剖面级差降低46.8%。泡沫调剖辅助井组同注的工艺策略实施后单井产能提高12%~33%,对海上特超稠油高效开发具有指导意义。

基于自适应协调触发量的UHVDC分层接入系统同时换相失败抑制策略

特高压直流分层接入方式下,非故障层换相失败预测控制存在启动滞后、输出的提前触发量偏小等问题,系统面临同时换相失败风险。为解决该问题,提出一种基于自适应协调触发量的特高压直流分层接入方式下换相失败抑制策略,将故障层换相失败预测控制输出的触发角调节量引入到非故障层,从而使非故障层换相失败预测控制提前触发。同时,引入联络线两端电压变化量来动态跟踪故障演变过程,以获得自适应协调触发量。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建电磁暂态仿真模型进行仿真验证,结果表明,所提抑制策略能够有效降低分层接入方式下高低端换流阀同时换相失败风险。

心肝同治法治疗小儿抽动障碍的Meta分析

目的:系统评价心肝同治法治疗小儿抽动障碍的疗效及安全性。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed数据库中有关心肝同治法治疗小儿抽动障碍的临床随机对照试验,检索时间设定为自建库起至2022年8月31日。由2位研究员对文献进行独立筛选及资料提取,采用Jadad量表及Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评估,并采用RevMan 5.4软件对提取的数据进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入9项随机对照试验,共790例患者。纳入的9项研究中有3项属于高质量研究(Jadad量表评分为3分),其余6项均为低质量研究(包括评分为2分的4篇、评分为1分的2篇)。试验组采用口服心肝同治类中药复方制剂治疗,对照组采用口服常规西药治疗。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯西药治疗相比,心肝同治法能提高抽动障碍患儿的总有效率[比值比(OR)=2.43,95%置信区间(CI)(1.58,3.76),P <0.000 1],减少不良反应[OR=0.12,95%CI(0.06,0.24),P <0.000 01]及随访复发率[相对危险度(RR)=0.39,95%CI(0.20,0.75),P <0.005];且在远期疗效、耶鲁综合抽动严重程度量表(Yale Global Tic Severity Scale,YGTSS)评分、中医证候有效率、中医证候积分方面,试验组均优于对照组。结论:运用中医辨证,使用心肝同治法治疗小儿抽动障碍有较好的临床疗效,且安全性较好,但仍需开展更多高质量、大样本的研究进一步验证结论。

中西医结合辨治乳腺癌精神障碍并化疗所致心脏毒性个案报道

乳腺癌化疗所致心脏毒性是乳腺癌专科治疗过程中最常见的不良反应,多与蒽环类药物化疗方案相关,可见心悸胸痛、胸闷气短等症状,通常伴发的焦虑、抑郁等精神障碍是癌症及心血管疾病的共同风险因素。其发病机制未明,现有诊疗策略尚缺乏针对性防治措施。文章通过1例三阴性乳腺癌精神障碍合并化疗所致心脏毒性病案的治疗回顾,基于“双心同治”的理论内涵剖析其辨治思路,认为本病属癌病、心系疾病及神志病三者共病,病机关键在肝郁脾虚阴伤,余毒伏损心络,郁毒扰伤心神,诊治过程应把握心系疾病为主,以扶正抗癌、宁心调神为总纲,病证结合,动态辨治,中西并举,经过综合治疗,不仅提高了疗效,抗肿瘤治疗相关不良反应亦明显降低,生存获益提高。

基于视线协同和DMPC的载机-防御弹群协同主动防御制导策略

在目标-攻击弹-防御弹群(target-attacker-defenders,TADs)系统中,防御弹群通过与目标(载机)异构协同、弹群间同构协同以保护载机并降低单弹脱靶的风险。针对TADs系统在二维平面下的协同主动防御模型进行了研究,采用机/弹协同和防御弹群协同的两层制导策略。在机弹协同方面,防御弹领弹与载机进行异构协同,考虑载机及防御弹领弹的机动能力限制,采用协同视线制导律(cooperative line of sight guidance,CLOSG)分别得到载机和防御弹领弹的制导指令;在防御弹群协同方面,考虑单弹计算能力约束,拦截时间约束和加速度约束,设计出基于分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)的算法实现弹群从弹和防御弹领弹协同同时抵达并拦截攻击弹。仿真结果表明,多防御弹协同一致拦截制导算法能够实现TADs系统中载机和防御弹群的异构协同主动防御,并实现防御弹群的一致性同时拦截,以降低单弹脱靶的风险。