Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported （GRPS） embankment has been increasingly constructed in a large number of regions and for a wide range of projects in the past decades. However, many disadvantages are expos...Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported （GRPS） embankment has been increasingly constructed in a large number of regions and for a wide range of projects in the past decades. However, many disadvantages are exposed through a lot of applications on conventional technique of GRPS embankment （called CT embankment）, i.e., intolerable settlement and lateral displacement, low geosynthetic efficiency, etc. In view of these disadvantages, the fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment （called FGT embankment） is developed in this work. In this system, the geosynthetic is fixed on the pile head by the steel bar fulcrum and concrete fixed top. The principles and construction techniques involved in the FGT embankment are described firstly. Then, the numerical analysis method and two-stage analysis method are used to study the performance of FGT embankment, respectively. It is shown that the FGT embankment can provide a better improvement technique to construct a high embankment over soft ground.展开更多
To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed a...To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed and introduced. Based on the discussion about the load transfer mechanism of FGT embankment, a simplified check method of the requirement of geosynthetic tensile strength and a mechanical model of the FGT embankment were proposed. Two conditions, the pile cap and pile beam conditions are considered in the mechanical model. The finite difference method is used to solve the mechanical model owing to the complexity of the differential equations and the soil strata. Then, the numerical procedure is programmed. Finally, a field test is conducted to verify the mechanical model and the calculated results are in good agreement with field measured data.展开更多
Carex brunnescens（Pers.）, a typical clonal species, is considered to be the only herb found to date that can develop on sand dunes in Maqu alpine region of northwestern China. However, the characteristics that C. br...Carex brunnescens（Pers.）, a typical clonal species, is considered to be the only herb found to date that can develop on sand dunes in Maqu alpine region of northwestern China. However, the characteristics that C. brunnescens resists to harsh alpine environment have not been documented. In this study, we conducted a field investigation to determine the morphological, reproductive, and sand-fixing characteristics of C. brunnescens. Concomitantly, we transplanted the belowground rhizomes of C. brunnescens to sand dunes and compared the abilities to restore degraded alpine meadows among sand dunes that had no further treatment（SD＋N）, sand dunes that had straw checkerboard technique but no transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens（SD＋SCT）, and sand dunes that had both SCT and transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens（SD＋SCT＋P）. We found that belowground vertical rhizomes and horizontal rhizomes（including branching rhizomes and main rhizomes） of C. brunnescens were highly developed and that population reproduction was dominated by horizontal rhizomes. C. brunnescens exhibited a significant sand-fixation effect under following conditions： population density was 145–156 ramets/m^2, vegetation cover was 31.2%–39.3%, total length of belowground rhizomes was 11,223 cm/m^2, total length of belowground first-order roots was 9161–10,524 cm/m^2, fresh weight of aboveground part was 198.5–212.6 g/m^2, and fresh weight of belowground part was 578.8–612.4 g/m^2. It should be particularly noted that SD＋SCT＋P treatment（sand dunes that had both straw checkerboard technique and transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens） was the best and SD＋N（sand dunes that had no further treatment） was the worst in terms of following biotic indicators： total number of reproductive ramets, total number of belowground rhizomes, and fresh weight of aboveground and belowground parts of C. brunnescens, contents of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen. It implies that applying SCT in sand dunes and transplanting belowground rhizomes to sand dunes with SCT could improve both soil fertility and growth of C. brunnescens. These results suggest that the SCT-promoted high reproductive abilities of belowground rhizomes of C. brunnescens can successfully facilitate the establishment of ramets and can thus be an effective strategy to restore degraded vegetation in Maqu alpine region of northwestern China.展开更多
The map folding method for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansions is analyzed. Based on it, the tabular techniques are proposed for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansion and...The map folding method for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansions is analyzed. Based on it, the tabular techniques are proposed for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansion and for the derivation of GOC expansions with fixed polarities. The Fast Tabular Technique (FTT) for the conversion from the Boolean expression to the GOC expansion with the required polarity is also proposed. The simulative result shows this FTT is faster than others in references because of its inherent parallelism.展开更多
In this paper, the skew-increasing operators and their coupled fixed points are defined. It is proved that the existence of coupled fixed points and fixed point theorem for skew-increasing operators, and the iterative...In this paper, the skew-increasing operators and their coupled fixed points are defined. It is proved that the existence of coupled fixed points and fixed point theorem for skew-increasing operators, and the iterative formula are given.展开更多
AIM: To study the validity of the fixed, random, and multivariate meta-analytical models applied in meta-analyses in artificial reproduction technique. METHODS: Based on common characteristics of in vitro fertilizatio...AIM: To study the validity of the fixed, random, and multivariate meta-analytical models applied in meta-analyses in artificial reproduction technique. METHODS: Based on common characteristics of in vitro fertilization(IVF) meta-analyses, we simulated a large number of data to compare results issued from the fixed model(FM) with the random model(RM). For multiple endpoints meta-analysis(MA), we compared the univariate RM with the multivariate model(MM). Finally, we illustrate our findings in re-analyzing a recent MA. RESULTS: In our review, although a homogeneous effect was excluded in 89% of the MAs(11%), FM was utilized in 41 studies(82%). From simulations, a concordance of 59% ± 6% was found between the two tests, with up to 65% of falsely significant results with FM. The Q-test on studies characterized by substantial heterogeneity falsely accepted homogeneity in 46% of studies. Comparing separate univariate RM and MM on multiple endpoints studies, MM reduces the between endpoint discrepancy(BED) of 68%, and increases the power of 57% ± 8%. In the example dealing with the controversial effect of luteneizing hormone supplementation to follicle stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles, MM reduced BED by 66%, and consistent effects were found for all the endpoints, irrespective of partial reporting. CONCLUSION: The FM generally may produce falsely significant differences. The RM should always be used. For multiple endpoints, the MM constitutes the best option.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones a...This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.展开更多
基金Foundation item： Project（51278216） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project（11-2-05） supported by the Scientific and Technological Project for Shanxi Communication Construction, China Project（HF-08-01-2011-240） supported by the Graduates＇ Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
文摘Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported （GRPS） embankment has been increasingly constructed in a large number of regions and for a wide range of projects in the past decades. However, many disadvantages are exposed through a lot of applications on conventional technique of GRPS embankment （called CT embankment）, i.e., intolerable settlement and lateral displacement, low geosynthetic efficiency, etc. In view of these disadvantages, the fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment （called FGT embankment） is developed in this work. In this system, the geosynthetic is fixed on the pile head by the steel bar fulcrum and concrete fixed top. The principles and construction techniques involved in the FGT embankment are described firstly. Then, the numerical analysis method and two-stage analysis method are used to study the performance of FGT embankment, respectively. It is shown that the FGT embankment can provide a better improvement technique to construct a high embankment over soft ground.
基金Project(51278216) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20091341) supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(HF-08-01-2011-240) supported by the Graduates’ Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China
文摘To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed and introduced. Based on the discussion about the load transfer mechanism of FGT embankment, a simplified check method of the requirement of geosynthetic tensile strength and a mechanical model of the FGT embankment were proposed. Two conditions, the pile cap and pile beam conditions are considered in the mechanical model. The finite difference method is used to solve the mechanical model owing to the complexity of the differential equations and the soil strata. Then, the numerical procedure is programmed. Finally, a field test is conducted to verify the mechanical model and the calculated results are in good agreement with field measured data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360087, 31360086)
文摘Carex brunnescens（Pers.）, a typical clonal species, is considered to be the only herb found to date that can develop on sand dunes in Maqu alpine region of northwestern China. However, the characteristics that C. brunnescens resists to harsh alpine environment have not been documented. In this study, we conducted a field investigation to determine the morphological, reproductive, and sand-fixing characteristics of C. brunnescens. Concomitantly, we transplanted the belowground rhizomes of C. brunnescens to sand dunes and compared the abilities to restore degraded alpine meadows among sand dunes that had no further treatment（SD＋N）, sand dunes that had straw checkerboard technique but no transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens（SD＋SCT）, and sand dunes that had both SCT and transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens（SD＋SCT＋P）. We found that belowground vertical rhizomes and horizontal rhizomes（including branching rhizomes and main rhizomes） of C. brunnescens were highly developed and that population reproduction was dominated by horizontal rhizomes. C. brunnescens exhibited a significant sand-fixation effect under following conditions： population density was 145–156 ramets/m^2, vegetation cover was 31.2%–39.3%, total length of belowground rhizomes was 11,223 cm/m^2, total length of belowground first-order roots was 9161–10,524 cm/m^2, fresh weight of aboveground part was 198.5–212.6 g/m^2, and fresh weight of belowground part was 578.8–612.4 g/m^2. It should be particularly noted that SD＋SCT＋P treatment（sand dunes that had both straw checkerboard technique and transplanted rhizomes of C. brunnescens） was the best and SD＋N（sand dunes that had no further treatment） was the worst in terms of following biotic indicators： total number of reproductive ramets, total number of belowground rhizomes, and fresh weight of aboveground and belowground parts of C. brunnescens, contents of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen. It implies that applying SCT in sand dunes and transplanting belowground rhizomes to sand dunes with SCT could improve both soil fertility and growth of C. brunnescens. These results suggest that the SCT-promoted high reproductive abilities of belowground rhizomes of C. brunnescens can successfully facilitate the establishment of ramets and can thus be an effective strategy to restore degraded vegetation in Maqu alpine region of northwestern China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60273093)the Natural Science Foundation of Zheiinag Province (No.Y104135)
文摘The map folding method for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansions is analyzed. Based on it, the tabular techniques are proposed for the conversion between Boolean expression and COC expansion and for the derivation of GOC expansions with fixed polarities. The Fast Tabular Technique (FTT) for the conversion from the Boolean expression to the GOC expansion with the required polarity is also proposed. The simulative result shows this FTT is faster than others in references because of its inherent parallelism.
文摘In this paper, the skew-increasing operators and their coupled fixed points are defined. It is proved that the existence of coupled fixed points and fixed point theorem for skew-increasing operators, and the iterative formula are given.
文摘AIM: To study the validity of the fixed, random, and multivariate meta-analytical models applied in meta-analyses in artificial reproduction technique. METHODS: Based on common characteristics of in vitro fertilization(IVF) meta-analyses, we simulated a large number of data to compare results issued from the fixed model(FM) with the random model(RM). For multiple endpoints meta-analysis(MA), we compared the univariate RM with the multivariate model(MM). Finally, we illustrate our findings in re-analyzing a recent MA. RESULTS: In our review, although a homogeneous effect was excluded in 89% of the MAs(11%), FM was utilized in 41 studies(82%). From simulations, a concordance of 59% ± 6% was found between the two tests, with up to 65% of falsely significant results with FM. The Q-test on studies characterized by substantial heterogeneity falsely accepted homogeneity in 46% of studies. Comparing separate univariate RM and MM on multiple endpoints studies, MM reduces the between endpoint discrepancy(BED) of 68%, and increases the power of 57% ± 8%. In the example dealing with the controversial effect of luteneizing hormone supplementation to follicle stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles, MM reduced BED by 66%, and consistent effects were found for all the endpoints, irrespective of partial reporting. CONCLUSION: The FM generally may produce falsely significant differences. The RM should always be used. For multiple endpoints, the MM constitutes the best option.
文摘This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.
