Humeral head replacement and individualized rehabilitation for displaced four-part fractures of proximal humerus

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of humeral head replacement and individualized rehabilitation for displaced four-part fractures of proximal humerus,to provide clinical guideline of treating complicated fractures of

Risk Assessment of Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing for Proximal Humeral Fracture

In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation stability comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nailing and locking plate which achieve clinically favorable outcomes. In retrograde intramedullary nailing, a nail entry point is made in the diaphysis, for which reduction of stiffness of the humerus is of concern. Thus, we investigated the influence of a nail entry point made in the diaphysis on humeral strength. Retrograde intramedullary nailing had fixation stability against bending and a force loaded in the rotation direction comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nail and locking plate. Displacement by the main external force loaded on the humerus, compressive load, was less than half in the bone fixed by retrograde intramedullary nailing compared with that in the bone fixed with a locking plate, showing favorable fixation stability. It was clarified that stiffness of the humerus against rotation and a load in the compression direction is not reduced by a nail entry point made by retrograde intramedullary nailing.

Surgical Treatment for Proximal Humerus Fractures Comparison between Plate Fixation and Kapandji’s Pinning

Introduction: Proximal humerus fractures are common, however, there is no consensus on a decision-making algorithm for the therapeutic management of these fractures, the aim of this study is to evaluate and compare functional results between two surgical techniques and to deduce the satisfactory results of the Kapandji’s pinning which, compared to the screw plate, should keep its place in the therapeutic arsenal. Patients and Methods: It’s a retrospective study, including two groups: The first of 18 patients treated with palm-tree pinning using kapandji’s technique, the second of 16 patients treated with anatomical screw plate at the orthopedic trauma service of the Mohamed VI university hospital between July 2013 and July 2018. We compared the results of the two techniques by studying three parameters which are the healing time, the anatomical reduction, and the functional outcomes. The average age was 46 years, and the sex ratio (M/F) was 2.3. Results: The statistical analysis of functional and radiological results showed no significant difference between the two techniques, indeed the average healing time was 56.3 days in the group treated by screw plate and 55.2 days in the group treated by Kapandji’s pinning (p = 0.46), Constant’s score was 73.18 and 79.05 respectively (p = 0.27) and the average cephalodiaphyseal angle was 49.03° and 52.07°, respectively (p = 0.35). Discussion: This study has clearly shown, as reported in the literature, that there is no conclusive evidence to suggest superiority of os-teosynthesis by anatomical plate versus kapandji’s pinning. However, the simple achievement of pinning according to kapandji’s technique, the preservation of soft tissues and the low cost make us prefer this technique. Furthermore, despite the progress noted in the development of osteosynthesis means of the proximal humerus, percutaneous pinning should always keep its place.

Treatment of Bilateral Proximal Humeral Fracture in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Case Report

There are only a few reports about upper extremity fractures in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This is a case report of a PD patient with severe tremors who had proximal humeral fracture. We performed surgery for the left side and conservative treatment for the right side. The patient was a 73-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with PD 10 years prior to presentation. Open reduction internal fixation was conducted for the left proximal humeral fracture. 7 months after the left shoulder fracture, she fell resulting in a right proximal humeral fracture for which she underwent conservative treatment. Although bone union was obtained bilaterally, anterior subluxation occurred in the operated side 9 months postoperative. Screw remove was performed because perforation of the screw was observed in the humeral head and was causing pain. Currently, restriction in range of motion and subluxation may be seen on the side that received conservative treatment, although pain is absent and patient satisfaction is high. On the operated side, there is a marked restriction in range of motion, subluxation, and pain. Our experience revealed that conservative treatment was effective for proximal humeral fractures and that optimal bone union might be obtained even in patients with suboptimal PD control.

Long-Term Clinical and Radiological Outcome in Primary Hemiarthroplasty for Comminuted Humeral Head Fractures in the Elderly: A 5 - 10 Years Follow-Up Prospective Study

Objective: In the constantly growing population of people beyond the age of 60 years, the incidence of complex comminuted humeral head fractures increases, thus increasing the need for prosthetic replacement. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term results after primary hemiarthroplasty in patients older than 60 years. Methods: From 08/2010 to 12/2015 a prospective study of 54 patients (mean age 75 years) with complex humeral head fracture was performed at the University Hospital Rostock. 24 patients were available for follow-up after 5 - 10 years. Pain, the Karnofsky-index, and the range of motion were obtained as well as radiographs in two planes. The Constant-Murley score and the UCLA rating system were evaluated for functional assessment. Results: 15 patients were painfree. The Karnofsky index deteriorated from 94 preoperatively to 70. The Constant-Murley score of the operated extremity reached 47 points out of possible 100, the uninjured side scored 82 points. The age-specific Constant-Murley score showed more favorable results. The UCLA rating system values leveled up to 22 out of 35 points for the replaced shoulder and 33 points for the other arm. Radiologically, more than 50% of the implants were classified as non-centered and the acromio-humeral space diminished significantly. Conclusions: Primary hemiarthroplasty helps to restore a situation of little or no pain whereas functional and radiological outcome remains limited. Revision surgery or conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty was not indicated in any case supporting the clinical value of hemiarthroplasty.

Complications of the locking plate for displaced proximal humeral fractures

Background Although the locking plate has become popular for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures in recent years, the complications of this method are still underestimated. We tried to evaluate the factors that have an influence on the complications experienced after proximal humeral fractures fixed by locking plates and compare the results from patients having complications with those having no complications. Methods From September 2004 to September 2007, 92 out of 111 displaced proximal humeral fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate were available for follow-up, with an average time of 15.2 months （12-36 months）. The range of motion, Visual Analog Score （VAS） for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons＇ Form （ASES）, Constant-Murley, University of California-Los Angles scoring system （UCLA） score, and Simple Shoulder Test （SST） for function evaluation was all recorded at the latest follow-up. The results from patients with complications were evaluated according to the indices listed above and compared with those patients without any complications. Results There were 17 patients with complications, an 18.5% complication rate. Among them, the forward flexion, external rotation and internal rotation were 139.1°±24.3°, 24.1°±19.6°, and up to T10 level on average. The mean VAS score was 1.0±1.1, the ASES score was 82.9±13.8, the Constant 82.1±11.8, the UCLA 28.5±4.1 and the mean SST 9.5 on average. There was no significant difference of complication rate among different age, sex, and injured side, fresh or delayed fracture, combined with other injury or not groups. Compared with the group without complications, patients with complications showed significantly less external rotation and lower Constant-Murley and UCLA functional scores （P 〈0.05）. A significant difference in results was seen between patients with complications and those without complications. Conclusion The indication control and appropriate surgical technique were important while performing the locking plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures.

Locking system strengthened by biomimetic mineralized collagen putty for the treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures

The current study is to observe the effect of the locking system strengthened by biomimetic mineralized collagen putty for the treatment of senile proximal humeral osteoporotic fractures.From January 2012 to December 2015,80 cases of senile patients with osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each group with a total of 40 cases.The control group was simply treated with locking plate.The observation group was treated with locking plate in combination with biomimetic mineralized collagen putty.The therapeutic effect thereby was observed.The excellent and satisfactory rate was 90%in observation group and was 72.5%in control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=5.3312,P<0.05).The fracture healing time was 11.8263.62 weeks in observation group and 19.7865.46 weeks in control group.The shoulder joint function score was 89.6368.12 in observation group and 76.9268.18 in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups(t=7.1272;12.7834,P<0.05).The complication rate was 10%in the observation group and 32.5%in the control group(χ^(2)=7.3786,P<0.05).Locking system strengthened by biomimetic mineralized collagen putty has advantages such as accelerating healing of senile proximal humeral fracture,improving the therapeutic effect,reducing the complications.As one of the optimal internal fixation method,it provides a new option for better treatment of senile osteoporotic fracture.

锁定钢板与髓内钉内固定术联合早期康复治疗肱骨近端骨折老年患者的临床疗效及可行性

目的比较锁定钢板与髓内钉内固定术联合术后早期康复治疗肱骨近端骨折老年患者的临床疗效及可行性。方法回顾性分析25例接受切开复位锁定钢板内固定术的肱骨近端骨折老年患者(A组)和20例接受有限切开复位髓内钉内固定术的肱骨近端骨折老年患者(B组)的临床资料,比较2组患者的手术情况、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生率、术后血清炎性细胞因子水平、术后疼痛评分、肩关节功能评分、生活质量评分。2组患者均进行早期系统康复治疗。结果B组手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均短于A组(P<0.05),术中出血量低于A组(P<0.05)。术后第1~3天,B组C反应蛋白、降钙素原水平均低于A组(P<0.05)。术后12~48 h,B组疼痛评分低于A组(P<0.05)。术后2组患者的肩关节功能评分均较术前明显增高(P<0.05),但2组比较肩关节功能评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2组患者的生活质量评分均较术前明显增高(P<0.05),且B组患者的生活质量评分高于A组(P<0.05)。结论锁定钢板内固定术与髓内钉内固定术联合早期康复治疗均可有效改善肱骨近端骨折老年患者的肩关节功能,但有限切开复位髓内钉内固定术可减轻手术创伤、术后疼痛和术后炎症反应,有利于加快骨折愈合,提高患者的生活质量。

Influence of Medial Support Screws on the Maintenance of Fracture Reduction after Locked Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Background： Technical aspects of the correct placement of medial support locking screws in the locking plate for proximal humerus fractures remain incompletely understood. This study was to evaluate the clinical relationship between the number of medial support screws and the maintenance of fracture reduction after locked plating of proximal humerus fractures. Methods： We retrospectively evaluated 181 patients who had been surgically treated for proximal humeral fractures （PHFs） with a locking plate between September 2007 and June 2013. All cases were then subdivided into one of four groups as follows： 75 patients in the medial cortical support （MCS） group, 26 patients in the medial multiscrew support （MMSS） group, 29 patients in the medial single screw support （MSSS） group, and 51 patients in the 11o medial support （NMS） group. Clinical and radiographic evaluations included the Constant-Murley score （CM）, visual analogue scale （VAS）, complications, and revision surgeries. The neck-shaft angle （NSA） was measured in a true anteroposterior radiograph immediately postoperation and at final follow-up. One-way analysis of variance or KruskaI-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis of measurement data, and Chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact test was used for categorical data. Results： The mean postoperative NSAs were 133.46°± 6.01°, 132.39° ± 7.77°. 135.17° ± 10.15°, and 132.41° ± 7.16° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively, and no significant differences were found （F = 1.02, P= 0.387）. In the final follow-up, the NSAs were 132.79° ±6.02°, 130.19° ± 9.25°, 131.28° ± 12.85°, and 127.35° ± 8.50° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively （F = 4.40, P = 0.008）. There were marked differences in the NSA at the final follow-up between the MCS and NMS groups （P = 0.004）. The median （interquartile range [IQR]） NSA losses were 0.0° （0.0-1.0）°, 1.3° （0.0-3.1）°, 1.5° （ 1.0-5.2）°, and 4.0° （ 1.2 -7.1 ）° in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively （H = 60.66, P 〈 0.001 ）. There were marked differences in NSA loss between the MCS and the other three groups （MCS vs. MMSS, Z = 3.16, P = 0.002; MCS vs. MSSS, Z = 4.78, P 〈 0.001; and MCS vs. NMS, Z = 7.34, P 〈 0.001）. There was also significantly less NSA loss observed in the MMSS group compared to the NMS group （Z = -3.16, P = 0.002）. However, there were no significant differences between the MMSS and MSSS groups （Z = -1.65, P = 0.225） or the MSSS and NMS groups （Z =- 1.21, P = 0.099）. The average CM scores were 81.35 ± 9.79, 78.04± 8.97, 72.76 ± 10.98, and 67.33 ± 12.31 points in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively （F = 18.68, P 〈 0.001）. The rates of excellent and good CM scores were 86.67%, 80.77%, 65.52%, and 43.14% in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively （ X^2 = 29.25, P 〈 0.001 ）. The median （IQR） VAS scores were 1 （0-2）, l （0 2）,2 （ 1-3）, and 3 （1-5） points in the MCS, MMSS, MSSS, and NMS groups, respectively （H = 27.80, P 〈 0.001）. Functional recovery was markedly better and VAS values were lower in the MCS and MMSS groups （for CM scores： MCS vs. MSSS, P 〈 0.001 ; MCS vs. N MS. P 〈 0.001; MMSS vs. MSSS, P= 0.031 and MMSS vs. NMS, P 〈 0.001 and for VAS values： MCS vs. MSSS, Z=3.31, P = 0.001： MCS vs. NMS, Z = 4.64, P 〈 0.001; MMSS vs. MSSS, Z = -2.09, P = 0.037： and MMSS vs. NMS, Z=-3.16, P = 0.003）.Conclusions： Medial support screws might help enhance mechanical stability and maintain fracture reduction when used to treat PHFs with medial metaphyseal comminution or malreduction.

Surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures using PHILOS plate

Objective：To evaluate functional outcome and complications of open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral internal locking system （PHILOS） plate for proximal humerus fractures.Methods：We reviewed 51 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with PHILOS plate between the years 2007 to 2012.There were 35 men and 16 women with a mean age of 38 years （range 24-68）.There were 41 patients in the age group of ＜60 years and 10 patients in the age group of ＞60 years.According to Neer classification system,8,15 and 23 patients had 2-part,3-part,and 4-part fractures,respectively and 5 patients had 4-part fracture dislocation.All surgeries were carried out at our tertiary care trauma centre.Functional evaluation of the shoulder at final follow-up was done using Constant-Murley score.Results：The mean follow-up period was 30 months （range 12-44 months）.Two patients were lost to followup.Of the remaining 49 patients,all fractures were united clinically and radiologically.The mean time for radiological union was 12 weeks （range 8-20 weeks）.At the final follow-up the mean Constant-Murley score was 79 （range 50-100）.The results were excellent in 25 patients,good in 13 patients,fair in 6 patients and poor in 5 patients.During the follow-up,four cases of varus malunion,one case of subacromial impingement,one case of deep infection,one case of intraarticular screw penetration and one case of failure of fixation were noted.No cases of avascular necrosis,hardware failure,locking screw loosening or nonunion were noted.Conclusion：PHILOS provides stable fixation in proximal humerus fractures.To prevent potential complications like avascular necrosis,meticulous surgical dissection to preserve vascularity of humeral head is necessary.

三角肌结节指数联合术前因素构建老年肱骨近端骨折锁定钢板内固定失效的风险预测模型

背景:老年肱骨近端骨折是三大骨质疏松性骨折之一,解剖锁定钢板内固定是国内大部分医生治疗难以复位和复杂骨折类型的首选,但术后发生复位失效的概率较高,严重影响患者生活质量。目的:探讨三角肌结节指数与老年肱骨近端骨折术后复位失效的相关性,分析筛选出老年肱骨近端骨折术后复位失效的术前独立风险因素,并构建和验证临床预测模型的有效性。方法:收集2012年6月至2021年6月佛山市中医院符合标准的接受切开复位锁定钢板治疗的153例老年肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,根据其是否发生术后复位失效分为复位失效亚组和复位维持亚组。采用先单因素后多因素Logistic回归分析筛选独立风险因素,通过R语言构建列线图,内部验证采用Bootstrap法重抽样1000次后,通过Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度关联检验、绘制受试者工作特征曲线、校准曲线、临床决策和影响曲线评价其拟合优度、区分度、校准能力和临床应用价值。选择2013年6月至2021年8月收治的55例老年肱骨近端骨折患者作为模型外部验证组,评价预测模型的稳定性和准确度。结果与结论:①训练组153例患者中,44例患者出现钢板内固定术后复位失效,失效率为28.8%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,三角肌结节指数[OR=9.782,95%CI(3.798,25.194)]、骨折端内翻成角移位[OR=4.209,95%CI(1.472,12.031)]、肱骨内侧柱粉碎[OR=4.278,95%CI(1.670,10.959)]是老年肱骨近端骨折术后复位失效的独立风险因素(P<0.05);②基于独立风险因素构建预测模型并绘制列线图,训练组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示,χ^(2)=0.812(P=0.976),曲线下面积=0.830[95%CI(0.762,0.898)];校准图结果表明模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;决策曲线和临床影响曲线结果表明列线图具有较好的临床适用性;③预测模型在验证组预测术后复位失效总正确率86%,曲线下面积=0.902[95%CI(0.819,0.985)];④提示三角肌结节指数<1.44、肱骨内侧柱粉碎、骨折端内翻成角移位是老年肱骨近端骨折术后复位失效的独立风险因素;⑤此次研究构建的风险预测模型内、外部验证表明该模型区分度、准确度和临床适用度较高,可用于个性化预测和筛选老年肱骨近端骨折术后复位失效的高危人群,模型的阈值风险概率高于65%时的预测高风险人数和实际发生人数高度匹配,临床医生应采用针对性治疗。

髓内复位与撬拨复位结合锁定钢板治疗复杂老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效比较

目的比较髓内复位技术与撬拨复位技术结合锁定钢板治疗复杂老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月在我院就诊的肱骨近端骨折病人,采用随机数表法分为A组(撬拨复位组)与B组(髓内复位组),每组各24例。记录并比较2组手术时间、透视时间,术后3 d、12个月时的影像学指标、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分与VAS评分,术后12个月复位丢失发生情况。结果B组的手术时间、透视时间均短于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2组术后3 d、12个月时的颈干角及肱骨头高度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但A组颈干角丢失量及肱骨头高度丢失量大于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月,2组VAS、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分均较术后3 d显著改善,且B组的Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分高于A组,VAS评分低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组复位丢失率显著低于A组(4.2%比33.3%,P<0.05)。结论髓内复位技术治疗老年骨质疏松肱骨近端骨折可以缩短手术时间,减少病人及医护人员在射线下的暴露时间,同时,可以提高肱骨距的复位质量,降低术后发生复位丢失的风险,改善术后肩关节功能。

髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的有限元分析

背景:髓内钉及锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在临床中应用广泛,但其内固定方式选择尚未达成共识。目的:通过有限元分析比较髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗两部分及三部分肱骨近端骨折的生物力学稳定性。方法:收集1名志愿者肱骨CT数据,导入Minics 21.0、Geomagic Wrap、SoildWork 2017及Abaqus 2021中,建立两种内固定方式治疗两部分及三部分骨折的有限元模型,分别为A组(髓内钉固定两部分骨折)、B组(锁定钢板固定两部分骨折)、C组(髓内钉固定三部分骨折)、D组(锁定钢板固定三部分骨折),对比分析肱骨及内固定物的应力分布、位移程度及其最大值。结果与结论:①A组模型中肱骨的最大应力及最大位移值最小,D组模型中肱骨的最大应力及最大位移值最大,锁定钢板组应力主要集中在肱骨头内侧下方及螺钉孔区域,而髓内钉组应力主要集中在骨折线周围及肱骨外科颈外侧下方区域,两者位移分布无明显差异,主要集中在肱骨远端;②A组模型中髓内钉的最大应力值最小,D组模型中锁定钢板的最大应力值最大,两种内固定的最大应力均主要集中在肱骨距螺钉及与内固定连接处,锁定钢板的应力云图分布集中,而髓内钉的应力云图分布更均匀;③结果显示,相比于锁定钢板,髓内钉更具有生物力学优势,这种优势在三部分骨折中更明显。

机器学习预测肱骨近端骨折钢板内固定后继发性螺钉切出的风险

背景:继发性螺钉切出关节面是肱骨近端骨折锁定钢板内固定术后的主要并发症之一,切出的螺钉会磨损关节盂和引起肩峰撞击,影响肩关节功能。因此,准确的风险预测有积极的临床意义。目的:通过机器学习方法筛选肱骨近端骨折钢板内固定后继发性螺钉切出的风险因素,开发并验证风险预测模型,便于临床医生早期甄别并干预高风险患者。方法:收集2013年6月至2022年6月接受锁定钢板内固定治疗的214例肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料作为训练组建立模型,将同一时间段另一医院收治的同类患者61例纳入外部验证组。按照患者术后是否出现继发性螺钉切出,分为螺钉切出组和螺钉维持组。训练组利用随机森林、支持向量机、逻辑回归3种机器学习算法构建预测模型;采用递归特征消除法、10折交叉验证重抽样作为变量的筛选方法,并将3种模型准确度最高时纳入变量的交集作为与螺钉切出高度相关的可靠风险变量。通过R语言软件构建动态预测模型,以网页计算器形式展示,并对模型进行内、外部验证。模型内部检验采用Bootstrap法重抽样1000次,使用受试者工作特征曲线下面积、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准能力及临床应用价值。通过Youden指数确定预测模型的最佳风险分界值,据此将外部验证组患者分为高、低风险组,根据模型风险预测能力的准确度来评价其稳定性和外延性。结果与结论:①机器学习算法筛选出继发性螺钉切出高度相关的4个风险变量,分别为肱骨近端内侧柱皮质支撑、三角肌结节指数、骨折类型及术后复位情况;②构建的风险预测模型表现出良好的区分度和准确度[曲线下面积=0.874,95%置信区间(0.827,0.922)],校准曲线显示模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;③临床决策曲线提示风险阈值概率在0.1-0.75范围内时,模型具有较好的临床适用性;④风险概率为26%是模型风险分层的最佳阈值,外部验证组利用模型风险分层预测螺钉切出的总正确率为84%;⑤结果说明该风险预测模型准确度和外延性较好,可为指导临床治疗提供依据。

机器学习分析肱骨近端内侧柱不稳定骨折术后失效的风险因素

背景:切开复位解剖锁定钢板内固定是治疗肱骨近端内侧柱不稳定型骨折的首选,但骨折复位失效是术后主要并发症之一,准确的风险因素评估有利于筛选高风险患者和临床决策的选择。目的:通过机器学习算法构建4种预测模型,分析筛选出最优模型并按照风险变量对结局变量影响的权重评分排序,探讨其对临床诊疗的指导意义。方法:纳入2012年6月至2022年6月期间佛山市中医院收治的262例肱骨近端内侧柱不稳定型骨折患者,年龄(60.6±10.2)岁,所有患者均接受切开复位锁定钢板手术治疗,根据术后5个月随访是否发生复位失效分为复位失效组(n=64)和复位维持组(n=198)。收集患者的临床资料,确定模型变量及其分类,将数据集随机按照7∶3比例分为训练集和测试集,训练集按照5折交叉检验获取最优超参数,构建逻辑回归、随机森林、支持向量机、极端梯度提升4种机器学习预测模型,在测试集用AUC、正确率、灵敏度、特异度和F1得分观察不同算法的表现,综合评价模型的预测性能。将表现最佳的模型利用SHAP评估重要风险变量,并对其临床指导意义进行评价。结果与结论:①两组间三角肌结节指数、骨折类型术前骨折端合并内翻畸形、肱骨头下干骺端碎片长度、术后复位情况、肱骨近端内侧柱皮质支撑情况、肱骨距螺钉置入情况比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②4种机器模型中综合表现能力最好的是极端梯度提升,其受试者工作特征曲线下面积AUC、准确度和F1分数分别为0.885,0.885和0.743,其次是随机森林和支持向量机,两种模型表现能力基本持平,逻辑回归的综合表现能力最差;在最优模型中利用SHAP解释工具发现三角肌结节指数、肱骨内侧柱皮质支撑、骨折类型、骨折复位质量、肱骨距螺钉状态是骨折术后复位失效的重要影响因素;③利用机器学习分析临床问题的准确性优于传统逻辑回归分析方法,在处理高维度数据时机器学习方法可以很好地解决多变量交互和共线性问题;利用SHAP解释工具不但可以明确各个变量的重要性,也可得到各变量中哑变量对结局影响的详细信息。

补肾活血汤治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果

目的探讨用补肾活血汤治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果及对患者肩关节功能和骨代谢指标的影响。方法选取收治的肱骨近端骨折患者92例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组46例。对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上给予补肾活血方治疗,比较2组患者的临床疗效、肩关节功能评分、肩关节活动度、骨代谢指标[碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、骨钙素(boneglaprotein,BGP)、胶原羟基末端肽(collagen hydroxyl terminal peptide,CTX)]及术后并发症的发生情况。结果研究组患者的骨折愈合时间、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)和CTX水平均显著短(低)于对照组(P<0.05),肩关节Neer评分、肩关节活动度、ALP和BGP水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论补肾活血汤可有效缩短肱骨骨折患者的骨折愈合时间,降低疼痛程度,提高肩关节功能,改善骨代谢,且安全、可靠。

肱骨近端锁定内固定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折肱骨头螺钉的分布特点

背景:肱骨近端锁定内固定系统钢板是肱骨近端骨折最常用的固定方式,但临床上其失败率仍较高,螺钉的合理置入是影响内固定稳定性的重要因素。目的:探讨在肱骨近端锁定内固定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折中肱骨头螺钉的分布特点及对内固定失效的影响。方法:对2017年1月至2021年12月在广州中医药大学第三附属医院收治的采用肱骨近端锁定内固定系统钢板内固定治疗的老年肱骨近端骨折患者进行回顾性分析,共纳入124例,其中男16例,女108例,年龄≥60岁,根据其术后是否出现内固定失效分为正常组(101例)和内固定失效组(23例)。收集患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、内侧柱完整性、钢板高度、颈干角、是否置入肱骨距螺钉、肱骨头螺钉数量,并根据术后数字X射线摄影正位片将肱骨头分为8个区,收集患者肱骨头螺钉在各区螺钉分布特点,绘制螺钉分布热力图。结果与结论:①两组患者在年龄、性别、骨折类型、内侧柱完整性、钢板高度、颈干角、是否置入肱骨距螺钉、肱骨头螺钉数量方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05);②但热力图显示,在正常组中肱骨头螺钉分布均匀,主要分散在4,6,7区;而内固定失效组的螺钉分布不均匀,主要集中在4,6区;此外,在肱骨距螺钉理想区域(7/8区)中,正常组螺钉明显多于内固定失效组;③提示在肱骨近端锁定内固定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折过程中,肱骨头螺钉均匀分布是保证内固定效果的关键,合理的肱骨头螺钉分布有助于提高治疗效果和内固定成功率。

肱骨头置换联合和营止痛汤加减治疗骨质疏松性肱骨近端骨折的疗效分析

目的分析肱骨头置换联合和营止痛汤加减治疗骨质疏松性肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法选择2015年1月—2020年10月本院收治的进行手术治疗的骨质疏松性肱骨近端骨折患者50例作为研究对象,以抽签法随机分为肱骨头置换术组(单纯手术组)20例,和肱骨头置换术联合和营止痛汤加减治疗(手术联合中药组)30例。评估临床疗效;记录术后肿胀消失时间、肩关节开始康复训练时间;术前、术后1个月、2个月评估VAS评分;术后随访2年评估肩关节功能;并记录术后并发症情况。结果手术联合中药组临床优良率高于单纯手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术联合中药组术后关节肿胀消失时间及肩关节开始康复训练时间较单纯手术组短(P<0.05)。手术联合中药组术后1个月及术后2个月VAS评分较单纯手术组低(P<0.05)。术后6个月、术后1年及术后2年随访,手术联合中药组Neer评分明显高于单纯手术组(P<0.05);手术联合中药组术后并发症发生率3.33%较单纯手术组的30.00%低(P<0.05)。结论相较而言,肱骨头置换术配合中医治疗用于骨质疏松性肱骨头骨折治疗效果更佳,可有效缓解术后疼痛及水肿等症状,利于术后早期康复锻炼的实施,并促进术后肩关节功能恢复,且术后并发症发生率较低,值得临床推广。

闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗老年肱骨近端骨折患者的效果

目的:探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗老年肱骨近端骨折患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年7月至2022年6月该院收治的66例肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案不同将其分为观察组与对照组各33例。对照组采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗,观察组采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗。比较两组围术期指标水平、术后疼痛[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]评分、肩关节活动度、肩关节功能(Constant-Murley评分)、肱骨颈干角及并发症发生率。结果:观察组手术时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后1、3个月时的VAS评分均低于对照组,肩关节外旋、上举、前屈角度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年时,对照组肱骨颈干角较术后3个月时明显减小,而观察组肱骨颈干角未明显减小,但大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、1年时Constant-Murley评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为6.06%(2/33),低于对照组的24.24%(8/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗老年肱骨近端骨折患者可减轻手术创伤,降低术后疼痛评分和并发症发生率,缩短手术时间、住院时间和骨折愈合时间,改善肩关节活动度和肩关节功能,远期疗效优于切开复位钢板内固定术。

肱骨近端骨折钢板内固定术后发生肱骨头内翻的影响因素及术中颈干角对疗效的影响

目的探究术中颈干角(NSA)对钢板内固定术(PIF)后肱骨近端骨折(PHF)患者发生肱骨头内翻的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年1月于泸州市中医医院骨伤科行PIF治疗的155例PHF患者,男性88例,女性67例;年龄26~65岁,平均47.1岁;致伤原因:道路交通伤73例,摔伤58例,高处坠落伤15例,其他伤9例。根据肱骨头内翻判定标准,分为内翻组(38例)和未内翻组(117例);根据术中肱骨NSA,分为<125°组(30例),125°~145°组(110例)和>145°组(15例)。收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、肩关节活动度、功能评分、VAS、术后并发症等。采用多因素Logistic回归分析危险因素。采用广义线性混合效应模型(GLMM)与限制性立方样条法(RCS)分析术中肱骨NSA与术后肱骨头内翻关联强度的剂量-反应关系。结果肩关节受伤机制、骨密度(BMD)、肱骨距置入螺钉、术中肱骨NSA、内侧骨皮质缺损以及复位质量,均是PHF患者术后肱骨头内翻发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。根据多因素GLMM模型(模型3)调整一系列指标(年龄、性别、伤侧等)后,术中肱骨NSA<125°和>145°组术后肱骨头内翻发生风险分别是125°~145°组的2.244、1.499倍(P<0.05)。RCS分析结果显示,术中肱骨NSA连续变化与术后肱骨头内翻的关联强度呈非线性剂量-反应关系(χ2=14.178,P<0.001)。不同术中肱骨NSA组患者的肩关节活动度(前屈上举、外展、外旋)、功能评分(疼痛、日常活动、运动范围、总分)以及VAS比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同术中肱骨NSA患者的术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术中肱骨NSA<125°或>145°是PHF患者术后肱骨头内翻发生的独立影响因素。术中肱骨NSA对PHF患者术后肩关节功能恢复存在一定程度的影响,临床医师尤其应注意术中肱骨NSA<125°的PHF患者,术中应尽量解剖复位、内固定以降低术后肱骨头内翻发生率。