Superficial foveal avascular zone area changes before and after idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery

To investigate the foveal morphological changes and foveal avascular zone（FAZ）area before and after epiretinal membrane（ERM）surgery.Twenty-two eyes with treatmentnaive ERM were included in this retrospective study.The central foveal thickness（CFT）and FAZ area were measured via swept-source optical coherence tomography（SS-OCT）and OCT angiography pre-and postoperatively.The unaffected fellow eyes were used as controls.The preoperative superficial FAZ area was significantly smaller in patients（0.08±0.04 mm^2）than in controls（0.33±0.09 mm^2;P〈0.001）.The postoperative superficial FAZ（0.12±0.06 mm^2）area was significantly greater than the preoperative area（P〈0.001）.The preoperative superficial FAZ area was strongly negatively correlated with CFT（P〈0.001,rho=-0.763）.ERM induced significant foveal morphological changes and reduction of the superficial FAZ area.Foveal thickness was restored and FAZ area increased postoperatively.However,the process is rather slow and the recovery is incomplete.

Predictors of short-term outcomes related to central subfield foveal thickness after intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion

AIM：To investigate the predictive factors for shortterm effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections on central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT）in patients with macular edema（ME）secondary to central retinal vein occlusion（CRVO）.·METHODS：This was a retrospective study in 60 eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections for ME due to CRVO.Follow-up was three months.The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（ETDRS）score and CSFT measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）were used to observe the changes in best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）.Baseline BCVA,CSFT,age,CRVO duration and the presence of cystoid macular edema（CME）or subretinal fluid（SRF）were analyzed as potential predictive factors of the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections.·R ESULTS：BCVA improved from 0.9 log MAR at baseline to 0.6 log MAR at 3mo,which was associated with a significant reduction in CSFT from 721μm to 392μm 3mo after injection.About 50%of CME cases and more than90%of SRF cases responded to treatment with a complete resolution at 3mo.Age（=0.036）and low baseline CSFT（=0.037）were associated with a good 3-month prognosis.Patients〉60 years old achieved better CME resolution（=0.031）and lower CSFT at 3mo（305μm 474μm,=0.003）.·CONCLUSION：Intravitreal bevacizumab significantly improved visual acuity and CSFT in patients with CRVO after 3mo.Older age and lower baseline CSFT were good predictors of short-term CSFT outcomes.The retinal thickness response to bevacizumab might depend on the resolution of CME rather than SRF.

Foveal thickness reduction after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in chronic diabetic macular edema

AIM：To report foveal thickness reduction in eyes with resolution of macular edema and recovery of a foveal depression after one-year of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor（anti-VEGF） therapy for center-involving diabetic macular edema（DME）.METHODS：Foveal thickness was assessed with optical coherence tomography to determine the central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT） and macular volume in 42 eyes with DME（CSFT〉275 μm）. Evaluations also included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, and were performed at baseline, and upon foveal depression recovery achieved after 12 monthly intravitreal injections of either 1.5 mg/0.06 mL bevacizumab（n=21） or 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab（n=21）. Data was compared to 42 eyes of normally sighted, non-diabetic, healthy individuals with similar age, gender and race distributions.RESULTS：Mean baseline BCVA was 0.59±0.04 and 0.32± 0.03 log MAR（P〈0.001） after treatment and resolution of DME, with all, but 3 eyes, showing BCVA improvement. Mean CSFT before treatment was 422.0±20.0 μm, and after treatment, decreased to 241.6±4.6 μm（P〈0.001）, which is significantly thinner than CSFT found in control subjects（272.0±3.4 μm; P〈0.001）. Moreover, in 33/42 DM eyes（79%）, CSTF was thinner than the matched control eye. Macular volume showed comparable results, but with lower differences between groups（control：8.5±0.4 mm^3; DME：8.2±1.0 mm^3; P=0.0267）.CONCLUSION：DME eyes show significantly lower foveal thickness than matched controls after DME resolution achieved with one-year anti-VEGF therapy. Further investigation into the reasonsfor this presumable retinal atrophy using fluorescein angiography and functional parameters as well as establishing possible predictors is warranted. This finding should be considered during the treatment of DME.

Automatic segmentation of foveal avascular zone based on adaptive watershed algorithm in retinal optical coherence tomography angiography images

The size and shape of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)have a strong positive correlation with several vision-threatening ret inovascular diseases.The identification,segmentation and analysis of FAZ are of great significance to clinical diagnosis and treatment.We presented an adaptive watershed algorithm to automatically extract F AZ from retinal optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)images.For the traditional watershed algorithm,"over-segmentation"is the most common problem.FAZ is often incorrectly divided into multiple regions by redundant"dams".This paper analyzed the relationship between the"dams"length and the maximum inscribed circle radius of FAZ,and proposed an adaptive watershed algorithm to solve the problem of"over-segmentation".Here,132 healthy retinal images and 50 diabetic retinopathy(DR)images were used to verify the accuracy and stability of the algorithm.Three ophthal-mologists were invited to make quan titative and qualitative evaluations on the segmentation results of this algorithm.The quantitative evaluation results show that the correlation coffi-cients between the automatic and manual segmentation results are 0.945(in healthy subjects)and 0.927(in DR patients),respectively.For qualitative evaluation,the percentages of"perfect segmentation"(score of 3)and"good segmentation"(score of 2)are 99.4%(in healthy subjects)and 98.7%(in DR patients),respectively.This work promotes the application of watershed algorithm in FAZ segmentation,making it a useful tool for analyzing and diagnosing eye diseases.

Foveal pit morphological changes in asymptomatic carriers of the G11778A mutation with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

AIM:To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)patients with the G11778 A mutation from one family.METHODS:This study was a prospective cross-sectional study.Both eyes from 16 family members(age from 9 to 47 y)with the G11778 A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects.Eleven family members with the G11778 A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers(n=22 eyes).Five family members(n=10 eyes)expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients.Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography(OCT),and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers.Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry.RESULTS:Thicker foveal thickness,thinner foveal pit depth,and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients(all P<0.001).Further,the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group,affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),and total retina(all P<0.01).The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)of affected patients was 38.0%thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1%thinner.CONCLUSION:The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients.RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.

Widefield optical coherence tomography of foveal dragging in retinopathy of prematurity

Dear Editor,Despite substantial advances in neonatal medicine, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) continues to be a serious therapeutic challenge⑴.Visual acuity loss in patients with ROP has been associated with structural retinal abnormalities (including retinal detachment, retinal folds, and pigmentary retinopathy), cataract, glaucoma, and amblyopia due to refractive error or strabismus[2].

Various configuration types of the foveal avascular zone with related factors in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia assessed by swept-source OCT angiography

·AIM:To describe the morphological characteristics of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and analyze the possible associated factors.·METHODS:Normal Chinese adults with or without myopia aged between 18 and 60 y were recruited into the study.One eye in each individual was randomly selected for scanning using SS-OCTA.FAZ parameters,central retinal thickness(CRT)and central choroidal thickness(CCT)were then analyzed.Correlations between systemic and ocular variables and FAZ parameters were subsequently evaluated.The subgroup analysis based on refractive error was also carried out.·RESULTS:In total,127 eyes out of 127 normal subjects were finally included in the study(mean age29.5±8.22 y,61 males and 66 females).The pattern of FAZ was variable:round configuration in 28 eyes(22%),quadrilateral configuration in 23 eyes(18%),pentagonal configuration in 20 eyes(16%),oval configuration in 15 eyes(12%),triangular configuration in 6 eyes(5%)and irregular configuration in 35 eyes(28%).The mean area of FAZ was0.37±0.12 mm^(2).Females had a larger FAZ(0.41±0.11 mm^(2)vs0.32±0.11 mm^(2))compared with that of males(P<0.01).All myopic individuals showed smaller FAZ area and perimeter compared with that of normal individuals(P<0.01).There was no obvious correlation between age and FAZ.In the univariate regression analysis,both axial length(AL)and refractive error were significantly related to FAZ parameters.However,only CRT showed negative correlation with FAZ in the multivariate regression analysis.·CONCLUSION:The pattern of FAZ configuration in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia is highly variable.Establishing quantitative parameters of FAZ would not only provide details of macular pathophysiology but could possibly contribute as a biomarker in disease staging.

Automatic quantification of superficial foveal avascular zone in optical coherence tomography angiography implemented with deep learning

An accurate segmentation and quantification of the superficial foveal avascular zone(sFAZ)is important to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of many retinal diseases,such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.We proposed a method based on deep learning for the automatic segmentation and quantification of the sFAZ in optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)images with robustness to brightness and contrast(B/C)variations.A dataset of 405 OCTA images from 45 participants was acquired with Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 and the ground truth(GT)was manually segmented subsequently.A deep learning network with an encoder–decoder architecture was created to classify each pixel into an sFAZ or non-sFAZ class.Subsequently,we applied largestconnected-region extraction and hole-filling to fine-tune the automatic segmentation results.A maximum mean dice similarity coefficient(DSC)of 0.976±0.011 was obtained when the automatic segmentation results were compared against the GT.The correlation coefficient between the area calculated from the automatic segmentation results and that calculated from the GT was 0.997.In all nine parameter groups with various brightness/contrast,all the DSCs of the proposed method were higher than 0.96.The proposed method achieved better performance in the sFAZ segmentation and quantification compared to two previously reported methods.In conclusion,we proposed and successfully verified an automatic sFAZ segmentation and quantification method based on deep learning with robustness to B/C variations.For clinical applications,this is an important progress in creating an automated segmentation and quantification applicable to clinical analysis.

Change in foveal position based on age and axial length in high myopic eyes

AIM：To evaluate the influence of age and axial length（AL） on the position of the fovea in patients with high myopia（HM）.METHODS：In this prospective study,96 patients（186 eyes） with HM were consecutively recruited from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.DRI-OCT Atlantis,fundus imaging,and IOL Master were used in this study.Three indices were measured：the distance between the fovea and the optic nerve head（ONH） center（DFO）,the vertical distance between the fovea and the horizontal line pass of the ONH center（VDFO）,and the horizontal distance between the fovea and the vertical line pass of the ONH center（HDFO）.These measurements were used to analyze the effects of different age groups（A1,A2,A3 groups） and AL（AL1,AL2,AL3,AL4 groups） on these indices.RESULTS：The results showed that there was no statistical significance in DFO among the age and AL groups（F=0.46,0.37;P=0.62,0.76,respectively）.In HDFO,there was also no statistical significance among the age and AL groups（F=0.10,0.48;P=0.90,0.69,respectively）.In VDFO,however,the difference in the age and AL groups was statistically significant（F=3.21,3.12;P=0.04,0.02,respectively）.Thus,VDFO were correlated with age and AL（r=0.21,0.23,all P〈0.01）,while HDFO and DFO were not correlated with age and AL（r=0.30,P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION：In high myopia,the foveal position changes mainly in the vertical direction along with factors of age and AL.

Quantitative Assessment of Foveal Avascular Zone in Patients with Early and Intermediate Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography

Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) is a relatively new non-invasive imaging technique which provides three-dimensional visualization of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Recently, OCT-A is widely used in the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Purpose: To compare 3 quantitative indexes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ)—area (A), perimeter (Pm), and circularity (C) in patients with early and intermediate nonexudative AMD and healthy subjects using OCT-A. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with nonexudative AMD (n = 89 eyes) were enrolled in the study. They were compared with sex- and age-matched control group of 66 healthy subjects (n = 66 eyes). The patients with nonexudative AMD were divided into 2 subgroups—early AMD (n = 42 eyes) and intermediate AMD (n = 47 eyes). All participants underwent OCT-A (3 × 3 mm scans, Cirrus HD-OCT, Angioplex, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in all 3 assessed indexes between the early AMD subgroup and the control group (A ? P = 0.139;Pm ? P = 0.230;and C ? P = 0.191). There was also no statistically significant difference in all 3 assessed indexes between the intermediate AMD subgroup and the control group (A ? P = 0.106, Pm ? P = 0.124, and C ? P = 0.102, respectively). Conclusions: According to our results from the assessment of FAZ in patients with early and intermediate AMD, we hypothesize that macular perfusion remains fairly unchanged in the nonexudative stages of the disease. OCT-A is a reliable technique for visualizing and quantifying FAZ in patients with nonexudative AMD.

Restoration of outer segments of foveal photoreceptors after resolution of malignant hypertensive retinopathy

Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy demonstrated by spectral domain optical coherence

Automatic fovea detection and choroid segmentation for choroidal thickness assessment in optical coherence tomography

AIM:To develop an automated model for subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)detection in optical coherence tomography(OCT)images,addressing manual fovea location and choroidal contour challenges.METHODS:Two procedures were proposed:defining the fovea and segmenting the choroid.Fovea localization from B-scan OCT image sequence with three-dimensional reconstruction(LocBscan-3D)predicted fovea location using central foveal depression features,and fovea localization from two-dimensional en-face OCT(LocEN-2D)used a mask region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)model for optic disc detection,and determined the fovea location based on optic disc relative position.Choroid segmentation also employed Mask R-CNN.RESULTS:For 53 eyes in 28 healthy subjects,LocBscan-3D’s mean difference between manual and predicted fovea locations was 170.0μm,LocEN-2D yielded 675.9μm.LocEN-2D performed better in non-high myopia group(P=0.02).SFCT measurements from Mask R-CNN aligned with manual values.CONCLUSION:Our models accurately predict SFCT in OCT images.LocBscan-3D excels in precise fovea localization even with high myopia.LocEN-2D shows high detection rates but lower accuracy especially in the high myopia group.Combining both models offers a robust SFCT assessment approach,promising efficiency and accuracy for large-scale studies and clinical use.

Angio-OCT引导IQ577TMIRIDEX微脉冲激光联合抗新生血管药物治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床效果

目的探究Angio-OCT引导IQ577TMIRIDEX微脉冲激光联合抗新生血管药物治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年1月乐平市人民医院眼科收治的60例糖尿病黄斑水肿患者的临床资料,按照不同治疗方案将其分为联合治疗组(30例)与单纯抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)组(30例),联合治疗组患者采用Angio-OCT引导IQ577TMIRIDEX微脉冲激光联合抗VEGF药物进行治疗,单纯抗VEGF组采用抗VEGF药物进行玻璃体腔注射治疗,比较两组患者的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、黄斑中心凹无血管区面积(FAZ)、浅层毛细血管丛(SCP)、深层毛细血管丛(DCP)的平均血流密度(VD)的变化,并评估治疗安全性。结果两组患者治疗1、2、3个月时的BCVA均高于本组治疗前,治疗2、3个月时的BCVA均高于治疗1个月时,治疗3个月时的BCVA高于治疗2个月时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2、3个月时,单纯抗VEGF组的BCVA均低于同时刻联合治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗1、2、3个月时的CMT均低于本组治疗前,治疗2、3个月时的CMT均低于治疗1个月时,治疗3个月时的CMT低于治疗2个月时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1、2、3个月时,单纯抗VEGF组的CMT均高于同时刻联合治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后的FAZ、SCP VD、DCP VD比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者均未出现明显眼部或全身性不良反应。结论在糖尿病黄斑水肿患者的治疗中,采用Angio-OCT引导IQ577TMIRIDEX微脉冲激光联合抗VEGF药物能够有效地改善患者的视力水平,降低黄斑中心凹厚度,提升患者的治疗效果,方法操作简便,安全性较高,值得临床应用与推广。

雷珠单抗两种给药策略对糖尿病黄斑水肿视觉功能、中心凹视网膜厚度、角膜内皮细胞密度的影响

目的探讨雷珠单抗不同给药策略对糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)视觉功能、中心凹视网膜厚度(FT)、角膜内皮细胞密度的影响。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月郑州市第二人民医院眼科收治的60例DME患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为常规组(30例39眼)和强化组(30例42眼),所有患者均予以玻璃体内注射雷珠单抗治疗,常规组患者予以3+按需治疗(PRN)给药方案,强化组予以5+PRN给药方案,两组患者均随访12个月观察疗效。比较两组患者PRN治疗期间患眼注射次数、补救性光凝次数,以及治疗3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月后的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)较基线提高字母数、黄斑中心凹厚度(FT)和治疗3个月、6个月、12个月后的角膜内皮细胞密度、六角形细胞比例、角膜神经变化,同时比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果强化组患者PRN治疗期间患眼注射次数、补救性光凝次数分别为(2.40±0.80)次、(1.12±0.30)次,明显少于常规组的(4.10±1.00)次、(1.97±0.64)次,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);强化组患者治疗6个月、9个月、12个月后患眼BCVA较基线提高字母数分别为(5.06±0.82)个、(7.83±1.21)个、(10.20±3.14)个,明显高于常规组的(4.30±0.77)个、(5.64±1.30)个、(8.96±2.55)个,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);强化组患者治疗12个月后患眼BCVA提高>10个字母患眼占66.67%,明显多于常规组的43.59%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);强化组治疗9个月、12个月后患眼FT分别为(276.25±83.40)μm、(242.34±77.59)μm,明显低于常规组的(325.86±56.04)μm、(296.27±53.00)μm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前后患眼角膜内皮细胞密度、六角形细胞比例、神经纤维长度、神经纤维密度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗期间均未观察到不良反应发生。结论雷珠单抗3+PRN、5+PRN给药方案可安全治疗DME,且对角膜内皮细胞密度无明显影响,而在视觉功能、中心凹视网膜厚度、给药次数、药物经济性方面,5+PRN给药方案作用效果更优。

Comparison of macular changes according to the etiology of optic neuritis:a cross-sectional study

AIM:To compare the macular structure including foveal thickness among patients with optic neuritis(ON)according to the etiology and to investigate the possible correlation between structural and visual outcomes METHODS:In this retrospective cross-sectional study,the clinical data of patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-related ON(AQP4 group,40 eyes),myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-related ON(MOG group,31 eyes),and multiple sclerosis-related ON(MS group,24 eyes)were obtained.The retinal thickness of the foveal,parafoveal and perifoveal regions were measured.Visual acuity(VA),visual field index and mean deviation were measured as visual outcomes.RESULTS:The AQP4 group showed a significantly thinner fovea(226.4±13.4μm)relative to the MOG(236.8±14.0μm,P=0.015)and MS(238.9±14.3μm,P=0.007)groups.The thickness in the parafoveal area also was thinner in the AQP4 group,though the difference in perifoveal retinal thickness was not significant.Foveal thickness was correlated with VA in the AQP4 group(coefficientρ=-0.418,P=0.014),but not in the MOG and MS groups(P=0.218 and P=0.138,respectively).There was no significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual field test in all three groups.CONCLUSION:The significant thinning in the fovea and parafoveal areas in the AQP4 group compared to the MOG and MS groups are found.Additionally,macular changes in AQP4-ON show a significant correlation with VA.The results provide the possibility that retinal structural damage could reflect functional damage in AQP4-ON,distinct from MOGON and MS-ON.

Aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of diabetic macular edema:optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To analyze the relationship between optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)imaging in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)who are treated with a combination of aflibercept and triamcinolone acetonide(TA).METHODS:A total of 76 eyes newly diagnosed DME were included in this study.They were randomly assigned to receive either aflibercept or a combination of aflibercept and TA.Injections once a month for a total of three injections.Central macular thickness(CMT),number of hyperreflective foci(HRF),height of subretinal fluid(SRF),and area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were evaluated using OCT and OCTA at baseline and after each monthly treatment.RESULTS:Both groups showed improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and reduction in macular edema after treatment,and the difference in BCVA between the two groups was statistically significant after each treatment(P<0.05).The difference in CMT between the two groups was statistically significant after the first two injections(P<0.01),but not after the third injection(P=0.875).The number of HRF(1mo:7.41±8.25 vs 10.86±7.22,P=0.027;2mo:5.33±6.13 vs 9.12±8.61,P=0.034;3mo:3.58±3.00 vs 6.37±5.97,P=0.007)and height of SRF(1mo:82.39±39.12 vs 105.77±42.26μm,P=0.011;2mo:36.84±10.02 vs 83.59±37.78μm,P<0.01;3mo:11.57±3.29 vs 45.43±12.60μm,P<0.01)in combined group were statistically significant less than aflibercept group after each injection,while the area of FAZ showed no significant change before and after treatment in both groups.CONCLUSION:The combination therapy of aflibercept and TA shows more significant effects on DME eyes with decreased HRF and SRF.However,both aflibercept and combination therapy show no significant change in the area of FAZ.

Retinal capillary plexus in Parkinson’s disease using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To evaluate the alterations of the retinal microvasculature and foveal avascular zone in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:A retrospective study of PD patients examined in the Ophthalmology Department of the General Hospital of Athens,“Georgios Gennimatas”from March 2021 to March 2022 was conducted.Totally 44 patients with PD were included and 18 healthy controls were examined,hence a total of 124 eyes were enrolled in the study.The foveal and parafoveal superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density(fSCP-VD,fDCP-VD,pSCP-VD,pDCP-CD)and foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were quantified with OCTA.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure macular thickness.Our statistical analysis was conducted by using a mixed effect linear regression model.RESULTS:After adjustment for age and gender,the mean parafoveal superficial capillary plexus vascular density(pSCP-VD)and mean parafoveal deep capillary plexus vascular density(pDCP-VD)were significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001 in both)by-2.35(95%CI-3.3,-1.45)and-7.5(95%CI-10.4,-4.6)respectively.fSCP-VD and fDCP-VD didn’t approach statistical significance.The FAZ area and perimeter were significantly decreased(P<0.001 in both)by-0.1 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.13,-0.07)and-0.49 mm^(2)(95%CI-0.66,-0.32)respectively.Circularity didn’t approach statistical significance.Central retinal thickness(CRT)was significantly decreased in individuals with PD(P<0.001)by-23.1μm(95%CI-30.2,-16)and temporal retinal thickness(TRT)was decreased(P=0.025)by-11μm(95%CI-22,-1.5)while nasal retinal thickness(NRT)only approached statistical significance(P=0.066).CONCLUSION:The mean pSCP-VD,pDCP-VD,CRT and TRT are significantly decreased and FAZ is altered in individuals with PD.These findings can be potentially used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of early PD.

特发性视网膜前膜患者椭圆体带的连续性与最佳矫正视力的关系

目的探讨特发性视网膜前膜(iERM)患者黄斑中心凹厚度(CFT)、椭圆体带(EZ)中断比例与最佳矫正视力(BCVA)间的关系。方法回顾性病例对照研究。采用整群抽样法抽取了2014年至2018年在开滦集团9个社区医院体检的开滦集团职工iERM患者336例500眼进行分析,其中男215例(64.0%),女121例(36.0%);年龄31~89(66.4±8.8)岁。按照gass分级分3组:gass 0级组(201例305眼)、gass 1级组(75例101眼)及gass 2级组(60例94眼)。采用Pearson相关性分析评估BCVA(转换为logMAR视力)与gass分级、EZ中断比例、CFT的相关性。结果500眼BCVA(logMAR)和CFT分别为0.45±0.28和(337.6±101.8)μm,共86眼(17.2%)出现EZ中断。gass 0级组、gass 1级组及gass 2级组间BCVA(logMAR)(0.62±0.29、0.48±0.23、0.26±0.32)、CFT[(283.20±79.30)μm、(335.50±84.50)μm、(394.00±135.60)μm]及EZ中断比例(2.6%、20.8%、60.6%)相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,各级gass分组间,年龄与BCVA无相关性(r^(2)=0.021,P=0.314),BCVA与CFT(r^(2)=0.531,P=0.000)、EZ中断比例(r^(2)=0.304,P=0.000)及gass分级(r^(2)=0.587,P=0.000)均呈正相关。结论EZ连接中断可以出现在iERM的早期阶段。BCVA与CFT、EZ中断比例及gass分级均相关,gass 2级iERM的EZ中断发生率显著增高。

不同程度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的OCTA表现

目的:利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)探讨不同程度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)的表现差异。方法:横断面研究。纳入糖尿病患者77例77眼,分为非DR组(NDR,23眼)和NPDR组(54眼),其中轻度NPDR(20眼)、中度NPDR(20眼)和重度NPDR(14眼)。NDR组与NPDR组的黄斑区中央凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、浅层和深层毛细血管密度(SSP和DSP)、视力(LogMAR)进行比较,不同程度NPDR的视力、FAZ面积、SSP和DSP水平进行比较,FAZ面积、视力、SSP和DSP与病情严重程度进行相关性分析。结果:与NDR组相比,NPDR组的视力值(LogMAR)、黄斑区FAZ面积增大,SSP和DSP降低(P<0.05);不同程度NPDR的视力、FAZ面积、SSP和DSP水平差异显著(P<0.05)。视力(LogMAR)、FAZ面积与病情严重程度呈正相关,SSP和DSP与病情严重程度呈负相关。结论:随着NPDR病情的进展,视力(LogMAR)、FAZ面积增大,SSP和DSP降低。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征干预对合并视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效观察

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)干预对合并视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)疗效的影响。方法选取2020年6月至2021年12月收治的202例BRVO合并OSAHS,采用随机数字表法分为观察组101例和对照组101例,对照组给予BRVO规范治疗,观察组给予BRVO规范治疗与生活方式干预(饮食指导及体位疗法),统计比较2组入组时及入组后1个月、6个月、1年、1.5年夜间平均动脉血氧饱和度(MSaO_(2))、最低动脉血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、氧减指数(ODI)及最佳矫正视力、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)和视网膜中央动脉(CRA)舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV),以及入组后1.5年内2组并发症累计发生率和累计实施手术率。结果观察组并发症累计发生率(13.54%)、累计实施手术率(8.33%)较对照组(26.97%、19.10%)低(P<0.05)。入组后1个月、6个月、1年、1.5年观察组夜间MSaO_(2)、LSaO_(2)及CRA的PSV、EDV均高于对照组,夜间ODI、最佳矫正视力、CRT均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论在BRVO治疗的同时给予OSAHS干预有利于促进BRVO合并OSAHS病情恢复。