颈项透明层厚度超声联合血清AFP、free β-HCG筛查孕早期21-三体综合征胎儿效能的价值

目的探讨胎儿颈项透明层(NT)厚度超声联合血清学指标筛查孕早期21-三体综合征胎儿诊断效能价值。方法选择8 249例孕早期孕妇资料,年龄20~42岁,平均年龄28.65岁;体质量51~78 kg,平均体质量61.2 kg;孕周11~13周,平均孕周11.98周;汉族8 240例,少数民族9例。实验室检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离人绒毛膜促性腺激素β(free β-HCG)、游离雌三醇;行NT厚度超声测量。分析孕早期血清学检查指标和NT厚度超声诊断不同联合方式对21-三体综合征的价值。结果共检出21-三体综合征29例。21-三体综合征孕妇血清AFP、游离雌三醇水平均低于非21-三体综合征孕妇(P<0.05),21-三体综合征孕妇血清freeβ-HCG水平和胎儿NT厚度均显著高于非21-三体综合征孕妇(P<0.05)。血清学检查诊断21-三体综合征的灵敏度为75.86%,特异度为94.06%,符合度为94.00%;NT厚度超声的灵敏度为82.76%,特异度为98.32%,符合度为98.27%;血清学检查阳性联合NT厚度超声阳性的灵敏度为68.97%,特异度为99.82%,符合度为99.71%;血清学检查阳性或NT厚度超声阳性的灵敏度为96.55%,特异度为93.53%,符合度为93.54%。血清学检查阳性或NT厚度超声阳性诊断灵敏度显著高于血清学和NT厚度超声诊断(P<0.05)。结论 NT厚度超声和血清学检查均是筛查21-三体综合征的重要手段,二者不同联合方式有助于排除和确诊21-三体综合征,值得临床推广应用。

自制铕标记Free β-hCG—TRFIA试剂盒的临床应用研究

目的对自制铕标记Freeβ—hCG—TRFIA定量测定试剂盒进行临床应用研究，为该试剂盒的临床应用提供科学依据。方法收集血清样本1000份，用自制试剂盒进行测定，对照试剂盒选用PE公司钐标记Free β-hCG TRFIA试剂盒，复核试剂选用美国Diognastic Automation公司ELISA试剂盒，获取相关目标实验数据，进行“符合率”、“相关性”等统计学分析。结果以PE公司钐标记法为对照实验，自制试剂盒的高值符合率为78．4％；低值符合率为100％，正常值符合率为95．1％，总符合率为93．8％；两种试剂盒测定值相关性良好，相关系数为0．985。结论自制试剂盒临床检测性能与现行临床广泛应用的方法相仿，可以满足临床应用的需要。

PAPP-A、Free-β-HCG与子痫前期的相关性分析

目的 探讨妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)、游离β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG)与子痫前期的相关性。方法 收集2021年1月至2023年1月548例有妊娠结局且孕期行血清学筛查孕妇的临床资料。依据是否发生子痫分为子痫前期组与正常孕妇组,分析两组孕妇一般资料及血清学筛查指标。结果 子痫前期组孕妇PAPP-A低于正常孕妇组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而子痫前期组孕妇Free-β-HCG与正常孕妇组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);PAPP-A、Free-β-HCG用于筛查子痫前期的ROC曲线下面积为0.603、0.548。结论 血清学筛查指标PAPP-A与子痫前期密切相关,其可作为预测子痫前期发生的指标。

母体产前血清AFP、Freeβ-HCG、uE3检测对筛查胎儿染色体异常的临床价值

目的探讨产前母体血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离β绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG)、雌三醇(uE3)检测对筛查胎儿染色体异常的临床价值。方法选取我院2021年9月—2023年3月100例高风险孕妇进行无创DNA检测,根据染色体状态分为阳性组、阴性组。对比2组孕12周时血清AFP、Freeβ-HCG、uE3及NT值水平,Logistic回归分析血清各指标对胎儿染色体异常的影响因素;ROC分析孕12周时血清各指标联合检测对胎儿染色体异常的预测价值。结果阳性组孕12周时血清AFP、uE3均低于阴性组、血清Freeβ-HCG及NT值均高于阴性组(P<0.05);分析认为孕12周时血清AFP、uE3为胎儿染色体异常的保护因素、Freeβ-HCG及NT值为胎儿染色体异常的危险因素(P<0.05);ROC分析孕12周时检测母体血清AFP、Freeβ-HCG、uE3水平对预测胎儿染色体异常的AUC分别为0.654、0.673、0.664,其联合检测对预测胎儿染色体异常的AUC为0.717。结论产前母体血清AFP、Freeβ-HCG、uE3联合检测在胎儿染色体异常的筛查中均具有较高的预测价值,3者联合检测的预测效能更高,可广泛应用于早期临床筛查中。

超声检测子宫动脉血流参数联合uE3、β-HCG对胎儿生长受限的临床预测价值

目的:分析超声检测子宫动脉血流参数联合雌三醇(uE3)及人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)的预测价值,为临床预防胎儿生长受限(FGR)提供依据。方法:选取2022年6月—12月期间于衡水市第二人民医院妇产科接受产前检查的180例孕妇作为研究对象,将确诊为FGR的92例孕妇作为观察组,余下非FGR的88例孕妇作为对照组。依次对患者进行超声检测、uE3及β-HCG的实验室检测,对比两组孕妇的子宫动脉的血流阻力指数(RI)、血流搏动指数(PI)以及收缩期与舒张期的血流速度比值(S/D)和uE3、β-HCG的浓度。结果:检测后可见观察组的RI、PI及S/D的参数均大于对照组,而uE3及β-HCG浓度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析可见,RI、PI、S/D、uE3、β-HCG及联合检测的曲线下面积分别为0.822、0.819、0.790、0.785、0.739、0.971,由大到小的排列顺序为联合检测>RI>PI>S/D>uE3>β-HCG;其中联合检测的灵敏度为93.50%、特异度为93.20%。结论:超声检测子宫动脉血流参数联合uE3、β-HCG的检测对于FGE具有一定的预测。

河北省免费NIPT联合PAPP-A、F-β-HCG 及超声检查诊断孕中期胎儿染色体异常的意义

目的 评价河北行免费的无创产前DNA检测(NIPT),联合血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)、游离β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(F-β-HCG)检测及超声对孕中期染色体异常的诊断价值。方法 选取衡水市第二人民医院2019年1月至2023年1月接收的3 591例拟行染色体检测的孕中期妇女,均行免费NIPT联合血清学指标(PAPP-A、F-β-HCG)及超声检查。将羊水穿刺染色体核型分析结果记为金标准,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价不同方法诊断孕中期染色体异常的价值。结果 经随访,在3 591例中,共有39例染色体异常,其中,32例经超声检查有染色体异常,34例经NIPT检测有染色体异常。在3 552例染色体正常的胎儿中,34例经超声检查有染色体异常,36例经NIPT检测有染色体异常;染色体异常胎儿的母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG水平均高于染色体正常胎儿的母体(P<0.05)。PAPP-A、F-β-HCG共同诊断胎儿染色体异常的敏感度及ROC曲线下方的面积(AUC)均高于母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG单独诊断(P<0.05);NIPT,PAPP-A、F-β-HCG及超声的联合诊断的敏感度及AUC均高于NIPT,PAPP-A、F-β-HCG,超声的单独诊断(P<0.05),且不同方法诊断染色体异常的特异度对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 孕中期胎儿染色体异常的母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG水平高,且NIPT联合PAPP-A、F-β-HCG及超声诊断染色体异常有较好的价值。

Constraints on Characteristics and Distribution of Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Using Broad-Band Processing of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS TO 1D COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES/ALLEN-CAHN SYSTEM WITH DENSITY-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND FREE-BOUNDARY

This paper is concerned with the Navier-Stokes/Allen-Cahn system,which is used to model the dynamics of immiscible two-phase flows.We consider a 1D free boundary problem and assume that the viscosity coefficient depends on the density in the form ofη(ρ)=ρ^(α).The existence of unique global H^(2m)-solutions(m∈N)to the free boundary problem is proven for when 0<α<1/4.Furthermore,we obtain the global C^(∞)-solutions if the initial data is smooth.

Free radicals trigger the closure of open pores in lignin-derived hard carbons toward improved sodium-storage capacity

The chemical activation of various precursors is effective for creating additional closed pores in hard carbons for sodium storage.However,the formation mechanism of closed pores under the influence of pore-forming agents is not well understood.Herein,an effective chemical activation followed by a high-temperature self-healing strategy is employed to generate interconnected closed pores in lignin-derived hard carbon(HCs).By systematic experimental design combined with electron paramagnetic res-onance spectroscopy,it can be found that the content of free radicals in the carbon matrix influences the closure of open pores at high temperatures.Excessively high activation temperature(>700 C)leads to a low free radical concentration,making it difficult to achieve self-healing of open pores at high tempera-tures.By activation at 700°C,a balance between pore making and self-healing is achieved in the final hard carbon.A large number of free radicals triggers rapid growth and aggregation of carbon microcrys-tals,blocking pre-formed open micropores and creating additional interconnected closed pores in as-obtained hard carbons.As a result,the optimized carbon anode(LK-700-1300)delivers a high reversible capacity of 330.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.03 A g^(-1),which is an increase of 86 mA h g^(-1) compared to the pristine lignin-derived carbon anode(L-700-1300),and exhibits a good rate performance(202.1 mA h g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1)).This work provides a universal and effective guidance for tuning closed pores of hard carbons from otherprecursors.

Metagenomic analysis revealing the metabolic role of microbial communities in the free amino acid biosynthesis of Monascus rice vinegar during fermentation

Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.

经阴道彩超联合血清ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮检测在异位妊娠诊断中的应用

目的 分析经阴道彩超联合血清解整合素-金属蛋白酶12(ADAM12)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、孕酮检测在子宫异位妊娠(EP)诊断中的作用。方法 收集2018年1月至2023年1月四川省安岳县人民医院收治的94例EP患者(EP组),选取本院同期产检正常宫内妊娠孕妇90名(正常妊娠组)。对比两组阴道彩超及ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮检测结果,分析经阴道彩超、ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮与临床诊断结果的一致性,分析四者联合及单独检测对子宫异位妊娠诊断的效能。结果EP组子宫内膜厚度小于正常妊娠组,阻力指数值高于正常妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);EP组ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮水平均低于正常妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经阴道彩超、ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮联合诊断与临床诊断结果一致性高(Kappa值=0.869);经阴道彩超检测对EP诊断灵敏度、特异度分别为85.12%、84.44%;ADAM12-S诊断EP分别为77.65%、81.11%;β-HCG诊断分别为71.77%、75.56%;孕酮诊断EP分别为74.46%、78.89%;四者联合诊断EP灵敏度、特异度分别为95.74%、91.11%,高于四者单独诊断。结论 阴道彩超、血清ADAM12-S、β-HCG、孕酮联合检测可有效提高对EP诊断效能,对于尽早诊断子宫异位妊娠具有重要意义。

CONVEXITY OF THE FREE BOUNDARY FOR AN AXISYMMETRIC INCOMPRESSIBLE IMPINGING JET

This paper is devoted to the study of the shape of the free boundary for a threedimensional axisymmetric incompressible impinging jet.To be more precise,we will show that the free boundary is convex to the fluid,provided that the uneven ground is concave to the fluid.

Yolk free egg substitute improves the serum phospholipid profile of mice with metabolic syndrome based on lipidomic analysis

In this study,the impacts of egg consumption on mice model of metabolic syndrome(Met S)were comparatively investigated.Mice were divided into five groups(n=8):normal diet group(ND),high-fat diet group(HFD),HFD with whole egg group(WE),HFD with free-yolk egg substitute group(YFES),and HFD with lovastatin group(Lov).Main biochemical indexes and a non-targeted lipidomic analysis were employed to insight the lipid profile changes in serum.It was revealed that WE could significantly improve serum biochemical indexes by reducing body weight,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and total cholesterol(TC),while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.YFES exhibited remarkably better performance in increasing phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acids,while decreasing phosphatidylinositol than WE.A total of 50 differential lipids biomarkers tightly related to glycerophospholipids metabolism were screened out.Carnitine C18:2 and C12:1,SM(d18:0/12:0),and SM(d18:1/14:1)were significantly upregulated in YFES compared to WE.YFES reduced expression of SREBP-1c and Cpt1a,while did not affect the expression of PPAR-α.Sphingomyelin biomarkers were positively related to the TC(|r|>0.6),while PPAR-αwas negatively correlated with triglyceride and LDL-C levels.To sum up,YFES attenuated HFD-induced Met S by improving the serum phospholipids,which account for its modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Practical operating flexibility of a bifunctional freestanding membrane for efficient anion exchange membrane water electrolysis across all current ranges

This study explores a symmetric configuration approach in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolysis,focusing on overcoming adaptability challenges in dynamic conditions.Here,a rapid and mild synthesis technique for fabricating fibrous membrane-type catalyst electrodes is developed.Our method leverages the contrasting oxidation states between the sulfur-doped NiFe(OH)2 shell and the metallic Ni core,as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy.Theoretical evaluations confirm that the S–NiFe(OH)_(2) active sites optimize free energy for alkaline water electrolysis intermediates.This technique bypasses traditional energy-intensive processes,achieving superior bifunctional activity beyond current benchmarks.The symmetric AEM water electrolyzer demonstrates a current density of 2 A cm^(-2) at 1.78 V at 60℃ in 1 M KOH electrolyte and also sustains ampere-scale water electrolysis below 2.0 V for 140 h even in ambient conditions.These results highlight the system's operational flexibility and structural stability,marking a significant advance-ment in AEM water electrolysis technology.

Lithium-Metal Free Sulfur Battery Based on Waste Biomass Anode and Nano-Sized Li_(2)S Cathode

The realization of a stable lithium-metal free(LiMF)sulfur battery based on amorphous carbon anode and lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)cathode is here reported.In particular,a biomass waste originating full-cell combining a carbonized brewer's spent grain(CBSG)biochar anode with a Li_(2)S-graphene composite cathode(Li_(2)S70Gr30)is proposed.This design is particularly attractive for applying a cost-effective,high performance,environment friendly,and safe anode material,as an alternative to standard graphite and metallic lithium in emerging battery technologies.The anodic and cathodic materials are characterized in terms of structure,morphology and composition through X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies.Furthermore,an electrochemical characterization comprising galvanostatic cycling,rate capability and cyclic voltammetry tests were carried out both in half-cell and full-cell configurations.The systematic investigation reveals that unlike graphite,the biochar electrode displays good compatibility with the electrolyte typically employed in sulfur batteries.The CBSG/Li_(2)S70Gr30 full-cell demonstrates an initial charge and discharge capacities of 726 and 537 mAh g^(-1),respectively,at 0.05C with a coulombic efficiency of 74%.Moreover,it discloses a reversible capacity of 330 mAh g^(-1)(0.1 C)after over 300 cycles.Based on these achievements,the CBSG/Li_(2)S70Gr30 battery system can be considered as a promising energy storage solution for electric vehicles(EVs),especially when taking into account its easy scalability to an industrial level.

USP19 Stabilizes TAK1 to Regulate High Glucose/Free Fatty Acid-induced Dysfunction in HK-2 Cells

Objective Obesity-induced kidney injury contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Here,we identified the functions of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 19(USP19)in HK-2 cells exposed to a combination of high glucose(HG)and free fatty acid(FFA)and determined its association with TGF-beta-activated kinase 1(TAK1).Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to a combination of HG and FFA.USP19 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR),and protein analysis was performed by immunoblotting(IB).Cell growth was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)viability and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU)proliferation assays.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The USP19/TAK1 interaction and ubiquitinated TAK1 levels were assayed by coimmunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assays and IB.Results In HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells,USP19 was highly expressed.USP19 knockdown attenuated HG+FFA-triggered growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HK-2 cells.Moreover,USP19 knockdown alleviated HG+FFA-mediated PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway inactivation and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in HK-2 cells.Mechanistically,USP19 stabilized the TAK1 protein through deubiquitination.Importantly,increased TAK1 expression reversed the USP19 knockdown-mediated phenotypic changes and PINK1/Parkin pathway activation in HG+FFA-challenged HK-2 cells.Conclusion The findings revealed that USP19 plays a crucial role in promoting HK-2 cell dysfunction induced by combined stimulation with HG and FFAs by stabilizing TAK1,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for combating DN.

A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

Exponential Time Differencing Method for a Reaction-Diffusion System with Free Boundary

For reaction-diffusion equations in irregular domains with moving boundaries,the numerical stability constraints from the reaction and diffusion terms often require very restricted time step sizes,while complex geometries may lead to difficulties in the accuracy when discretizing the high-order derivatives on grid points near the boundary.It is very challenging to design numerical methods that can efficiently and accurately handle both difficulties.Applying an implicit scheme may be able to remove the stability constraints on the time step,however,it usually requires solving a large global system of nonlinear equations for each time step,and the computational cost could be significant.Integration factor(IF)or exponential time differencing(ETD)methods are one of the popular methods for temporal partial differential equations(PDEs)among many other methods.In our paper,we couple ETD methods with an embedded boundary method to solve a system of reaction-diffusion equations with complex geometries.In particular,we rewrite all ETD schemes into a linear combination of specificФ-functions and apply one state-of-the-art algorithm to compute the matrix-vector multiplications,which offers significant computational advantages with adaptive Krylov subspaces.In addition,we extend this method by incorporating the level set method to solve the free boundary problem.The accuracy,stability,and efficiency of the developed method are demonstrated by numerical examples.

Estimation of free core nutation parameters and availability of computing options

The Earth’s Free Core Nutation(FCN) causes Earth tides and forced nutation with frequencies close to the FCN that exhibit resonance effects.High-precision superconducting gravimeter(SG) and very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) provide good observation techniques for detecting the FCN parameters.However,some choices in data processing and solution procedures increase the uncertainty of the FCN parameters.In this study,we analyzed the differences and the effectiveness of weight function and ocean tide corrections in the FCN parameter detection using synthetic data,SG data from thirty-one stations,and the 10 celestial pole offset(CPO) series.The results show that significant discrepancies are caused by different computing options for a single SG station.The stacking method,which results in a variation of0.24-5 sidereal days(SDs) in the FCN period(T) and 10^(3)-10^(4) in the quality factor(Q) due to the selection of the weighting function and the ocean tide model(OTM),can effectively suppress this influence.The statistical analysis results of synthetic data shows that although different weight choices,while adjusting the proportion of diurnal tidal waves involved,do not significantly improve the accuracy of fitted FCN parameters from gravity observations.The study evaluated a series of OTMs using the loading correction efficiency.The fitting of FCN parameters can be improved by selecting the mean of appropriate OTMs based on the evaluation results.Through the estimation of the FCN parameters based on the forced nutation,it was found that the weight function P_(1) is more suitable than others,and different CPO series(after 2009) resulted in a difference of 0.4 SDs in the T and of 103 in the Q.We estimated the FCN parameters for SG(T=430.4±1.5 SDs and Q=1.52×10^(4)±2.5×10^(3)) and for VLBI(T=429.8±0.7 SDs,Q=1.88×10^(4)±2.1×10^(3)).

Method of fabricating artificial rock specimens based on extrusion free forming(EFF)3D printing

Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology has been widely used to create artificial rock samples in rock mechanics.While 3D printing can create complex fractures,the material still lacks sufficient similarity to natural rock.Extrusion free forming(EFF)is a 3D printing technique that uses clay as the printing material and cures the specimens through high-temperature sintering.In this study,we attempted to use the EFF technology to fabricate artificial rock specimens.The results show the physico-mechanical properties of the specimens are significantly affected by the sintering temperature,while the nozzle diameter and layer thickness also have a certain impact.The specimens are primarily composed of SiO_(2),with mineral compositions similar to that of natural rocks.The density,uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),elastic modulus,and tensile strength of the printed specimens fall in the range of 1.65–2.54 g/cm3,16.46–50.49 MPa,2.17–13.35 GPa,and 0.82–17.18 MPa,respectively.It is capable of simulating different types of rocks,especially mudstone,sandstone,limestone,and gneiss.However,the simulation of hard rocks with UCS exceeding 50 MPa still requires validation.