Effect of continuous annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of ferritic rolled interstitial-free steel

In this report,the microstructure,mechanical properties,and textures of warm rolled interstitial-free steel annealed at four different temperatures(730,760,790,and 820°C)were studied.The overall structural features of specimens were investigated by optical microscopy,and the textures were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Nano-sized precipitates were then observed by a transmission electron microscope(TEM)on carbon extraction replicas.According to the results,with increased annealing temperatures,the ferrite grains grew;in addition,the sizes of Ti_4C_2S_2 and Ti C precipitates also increased.Additionally,the sizes of Ti N and Ti S precipitates slightly changed.When the annealing temperature increased from 730 to 820°C,the yield strength(YS)and the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)showed a decreasing trend.Meanwhile,elongation and the strain harden exponent(n value)increased to 49.6%and 0.34,respectively.By comparing textures annealed at different temperatures,the intensity of{111}texture annealed at 820°C was the largest,while the difference between the intensity of{111}<110>and{111}<112>was the smallest when the annealing temperature was 820°C.Therefore,the plastic strain ratio(r value)annealed at 820°C was the highest.

Rolling Control Characteristic Experimental Investigation of a Canard Missile with Free-Spinning Tail

To study the rolling control characteristics of a canard-controlled missile, a series of wind tunnel experiment is conducted. The experimental method, the structure features of wind tunnel model and the experimental results are introduced in this paper. The experimental data show that the canard is an inefficient rolling control device for canard-controlled missile with fixed tail fins; but for the free-spinning tail fin configuration, the canard can conduct rolling control of the missile, and even have higher controlling efficiency under larger canard deflection angle.

A Calculation Method of Rolling Characteristics of Canard Missile with Free-Spinning Tails

The steady flow field of a canard missile on different angles of attack and Mach numbers were studied. Based on analysis, a method was proposed to reduce the calculation for the rolling characteristics of the canard missile with free-spinning tails, and was tested to obtain the relations between rolling moment coefficient, Mach number, and angle of attack. All the computed rolling moment coefficients obtained from the proposed method greatly agreed with the experimental results of FD-06 wind tunnel in CAAA, which proved that the method can not only reduce the calculation cost but also keep precision in calculating the rolling characteristics of canard missiles.

Strain rate and cold rolling dependence of tensile strength and ductility in high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.

Development of Technology and Equipment for Non-destructive Testing of Defects in Sewing Mandrels of a Three-roll Screw Mill 30-80

The conditions of heating and cooling of piercing mandrels made of 4X5MFS steel of a three-roll screw mill 30-80 in the production of a closed cavity of steel vessels of small volume are determined.It is established that multiple cycles of heating up to 600℃ and cooling with water up to 80℃ for about 7 seconds/1 cycle lead to the formation of ridges,shells and cracks on the surface and in the volume of the tool.The loss of structural strength of the material leads to the breakdown of the mandrel during the stitching process.The technique and equipment of magnetic powder control have been developed to establish the dynamics of the growth of internal and external defects of mandrels.An equation is obtained that allows determining the increase in the number of defects in the sewing tool of a screw rolling mill.The technology of non-destructive testing made it possible to develop a rational plan for replacing the sewing mandrels,which allows for predicting the appearance of defects leading to a complex breakdown of the deforming tool at the NPO Pribor machine-building enterprise.

Study of measurement and control of free loop of hot steel strip in twin-roll strip casting

In the twin-roll strip casting process, hot cast strips can be broken or tom if the casting speed does not match the rolling speed. Usually, a certain length of hot steel strip is hung freely between the caster and rolling mill to deal with the effect of this speed difference. In this paper,the freely hanging hot steel strip is referred to as the free loop of hot steel strip. Accurately measuring and controlling the height of this free loop is the key factor in maintaining a stable casting operation. Several methods for measuring the loop height of a steel strip are discussed and a method for accurately measuring and controlling the free loop height of hot steel strip is presented. Based on the results of the casting loop quantity change curve, this control method is confirmed to be effective and able to meet the requirements of continuous casting strip production.

基于F-B NCP函数的可行QP-free算法

本文得到一种可行QP-free算法,引入ε-有效集策略使得每次迭代只需求解规模较小的线性方程组得到迭代方向,且方程组只包含工作集中的约束,其规模较原问题大大减小,同时不进行弧搜索,从而降低了运算量.

Roll System and Stock's Multi-parameter Coupling Dynamic Modeling Based on the Shape Control of Steel Strip

The existence of rolling deformation area in the rolling mill system is the main characteristic which dis- tinguishes the other machinery. In order to analyze the dynamic property of roll system＇s flexural deformation, it is necessary to consider the transverse periodic movement of stock in the rolling deformation area which is caused by the flexural deformation movement of roll system simul- taneously. Therefore, the displacement field of roll system and flow of metal in the deformation area is described by kinematic analysis in the dynamic system. Through intro- ducing the lateral displacement function of metal in the deformation area, the dynamic variation of per unit width rolling force can be determined at the same time. Then the coupling law caused by the co-effect of rigid movement and flexural deformation of the system structural elements is determined. Furthermore, a multi-parameter coupling dynamic model of the roll system and stock is established by the principle of virtual work. More explicitly, the cou- pled motion modal analysis was made for the roll system. Meanwhile, the analytical solutions for the flexural defor- mation movement＇s mode shape functions of rolls are discussed. In addition, the dynamic characteristic of the lateral flow of metal in the rolling deformation area has been analyzed at the same time. The establishment ofdynamic lateral displacement function of metal in the deformation area makes the foundation for analyzing the coupling law between roll system and rolling deformation area, and provides a theoretical basis for the realization of the dynamic shape control of steel strip.

Process for improving the ladle free- opening rate for high aluminum steel in continuous casting

Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.

Development of Debris-free Laser Plasma Sources for EUV Lithography in CIOMP

We have been developing debris-free laser plasma sources for EUV lithography since 1996. Two types of debris-free sources, such as cryogenic target and gas-puff target laser plasma sources, were designed and built up in CIOMP. EUV radiation spectra of the sources with a variety of targets have been obtained by different ways.

Design of Fin-propeller Test Set-up and Analysis of Roll Stabilization Ability

Presents the fin-propeller test set-up to solve the problem of roll stabilization with ships in full speed range, withwhich, tests were run in water rank for acquisition of data, and concludes from data acquired that the fin-propeller test set-up produces more lift than simple fin, and provides lateral thrust as well, and it is therefore an effective roll stabilization devicefor ships in full speed range.

EXACT SOLUTION FOR RECTANGULAR SLAB WITH THREE EDGES SIMPLY-SUPPORTED AND OTHER FREE

In this paper,we give all-sided pastic analysis of the rectangular slab with three edges simply-supported and other free.Here we discuss the following four cases:(1)The uniformly distributedload over the area a slab.(2).A concentrated load act at midpoint of free edges slab.(3)A concen-trated load act at the center a slab.(4)The line load act along free edge of slab.

Structure and Properties of Sn-9Zn Lead-Free Solder Alloy with Heat Treatment

The Sn-9Zn lead-free solder alloy was prepared by conventional casting technique then cold-rolled into long sheets of 1 mm thickness and 3 mm width. It was annealed at 80, 120 and 160°C for 60 min to investigate the effect of isochronal heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of the cold rolled Sn-9Zn alloy. The results showed that, the crystallite size and lattice strain have opposite behavior with increasing annealing temperature due to recovery and recrystalization processes associated with the heat treatment process. Vickers micro-hardness number increases continuously from 155 to 180 MPa with increasing annealing temperature. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was also calculated. It was found that, it is equal to 61.4 MPa for the non annealed sample and slightly decreases to 60.5 and 58.2 MPa for samples annealed at 80 and 120°C, respectively. While, increases to 65.4 MPa for the sample annealed at 160°C. Also, ductility increases with increasing annealing temperature in opposite manor with the UTS. The new method for Micro-creep behavior as well as the creep rate calculated by this method has been characterized at room temperature.

Influence of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia

BACKGROUND It is known that under conditions of tissue tolerance to insulin,observed during type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2),there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species.Moreover,the free radicals can initiate lipid peroxidation(LPO)in lipoprotein particles.The concentration of LPO products can influence the state of insulin receptors,repressing their hormone connection activity,which is expressed as a reduction of the glucose consumption by cells.It is possible that reduction in glucose concentration during administration of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium(SkQ1)to rats with DM2 may be related to the antioxidant properties of this substance.AIM To establish the influence of SkQ1 on free-radical homeostasis in the heart and blood serum of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.METHODS To induce hyperglycemia,rats were fed a high-fat diet for 1 mo and then administered two intra-abdominal injections of streptozotocin with a 7-d interval at a 30 mg/kg of animal weight dose with citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4.SkQ1 solution was administered intraperitoneally at a 1250 nmol/kg dose per day.Tissue samples were taken from control animals,animals with experimental hyperglycemia,rats with streptozotocin-induced glycemia that were administered SkQ1 solution,animals housed under standard vivarium conditions that were administered SkQ1,rats that were administered intraperitoneally citrate buffer equal to pH 4.4 once a week during 2 wk after 1-mo high-fat diet,and animals that were administered intraperitoneally with appropriate amount of solution without SkQ1(98%ethanol diluted eight times with normal saline solution).To determine the intensity of free radical oxidation and total antioxidant activity,we used the biochemiluminescence method.Aconitate hydratase(AH),superoxide dismutase,and catalase activities were estimated using the Hitachi U-1900 spectrophotometer supplied with software.The amount of citrate was determined by means of the Natelson method.Real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out using an amplifier ANK-32.RESULTS It was found that the mitochondrial-directed antioxidant elicits decrease of biochemiluminescence parameter values that increase by pathology as well as the levels of primary products of LPO,such as diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds,which indicate intensity of free radical oxidation.At the same time,the activity of AH,considered a crucial target of free radicals,which decreased during experimental hyperglycemia,increased.Apparently,increasing activity of AH influenced the speed of citrate utilization,whose concentration decreased after administering SkQ1 by pathology.Moreover,the previously applied antioxidant during hyperglycemia influenced the rate of antioxidant system mobilization.Thus,superoxide dismutase and catalase activity,as well as the level of gene transcript under influence of SkQ1 at pathology,were changing to the direction of control groups values.CONCLUSION According to the results of performed research,SkQ1 can be considered a promising addition to be included in antioxidant therapy of DM2.

Microstructural evolution of pre-twinned Mg alloy with annealing temperature and underlying boundary migration mechanism

This study investigates the variations in the microstructural characteristics of a pre-twinned Mg alloy with the temperature of the subsequent annealing treatment.To this end,a rolled AZ31 alloy is compressed to 3%plastic strain along the rolling direction(RD)to activate{10-12}twinning and is subsequently annealed at 200,250,300,350,and 400℃.Numerous{10-12}twins are formed throughout the compressed material,leading to the formation of a RD-oriented texture.At an annealing temperature of 200℃,no microstructural variations occur during annealing.As the annealing temperature increases from 250 to 400℃,the residual strain energy and remaining twin boundaries of the annealed material decrease owing to the promoted static recovery and the increased area fraction of twin-free grown grains.Consequently,an increase in the annealing temperature results in a gradual microstructural transition from a fully twinned grain structure to a completely twin-free grain structure.The microstructural evolution during annealing is predominantly governed by the movement of high-angle grain boundaries via a strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,and a few twin boundaries migrate above 350℃ because of their lower boundary energy.The boundary migration behavior and resultant microstructural evolution are discussed in detail based on the variations in boundary mobility and driving force for boundary migration with annealing temperature.

新一代高技术宽带钢轧机电工钢高精度板形控制研究进展

自由规程轧制是实现柔性一体化生产组织和追求最大生产效率的必要途径,板形控制一直是制约电工钢自由规程轧制的瓶颈难题。阐述了国际上对新一代高技术宽带钢轧机机型的不断探索与板形控制技术特征及其日趋复杂化的进展研究;基于热模拟与数学模型构建了电工钢完整轧制过程的高温本构关系,建立了电工钢热塑性变形过程集成仿真模型,原创构建了电工钢自由规程轧制完整过程中可同时控制不均匀变形和不均匀磨损的非对称自补偿轧制作用机制、提出了一种由数据与机理融合驱动的电工钢自由规程轧制形性协同的非对称自补偿轧制轧辊辊形、液压窜辊和液压弯辊的高精度融合控制方法。结合生产实际提出了新一代高技术热连轧自由规程轧制过程的全板形融合π机型与板形控制创新技术,突破性实现了高效低成本对新一代高技术宽带钢轧机自由规程轧制的高精度板形控制,为现场工业生产提供了理论基础和创新实现路径。最后展望了宽幅电工钢高精度板形控制的创新发展趋势。

基于靶标诱导滚环扩增的无标记适配体生物传感器快速检测赭曲霉毒素A

该文构建一种基于靶标诱导滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)的无标记适配体快速检测赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)生物传感器。该生物传感器探针由RCA引物与OTA适配体两部分组成,在OTA存在的环境中,OTA适配体特异性识别靶标,探针结构被打开,RCA引物与环状DNA模板(circular DNA template,CT)结合开启RCA反应,加入核酸染料SYBR Gold产生荧光信号。此生物传感器具有较高的特异性,检测限为6.6×10^(-2)nmol/L,线性检测范围为6.6×10^(-2)~660 nmol/L,可用于具体的分析检测。此生物传感器无需复杂化学修饰且操作简单,在食品安全检测中具有良好的应用前景。

轧孔单板-塑料复合无醛胶合板的热压工艺研究

【目的】根据高密度聚乙烯塑料薄膜（HDPE）熔融后黏度大的特点,确定生产轧孔尾巨桉单板/HDPE复合无醛胶合板（简称WPCP）的可行性和热压工艺参数。【方法】利用数字显微镜揭示WPCP界面的微观形态特征,通过单因素试验分析WPCP的热压工艺条件（热压温度、热压压力、热压时间）对其胶合强度、静曲强度（MOR）和弹性模量（MOE）的影响,确定WPCP的热压工艺条件。【结果】单板表面的轧孔处理可以提高塑料薄膜的渗透性,在各单板层之间形成＂树枝状胶钉＂薄膜结构;在热压温度170-180℃、热压压力1.0-1.2 MPa、热压时间8-10min的条件下,WPCP胶合强度、静曲强度（MOR）和弹性模量（MOE）分别为1.21-1.32MPa,42.76-65.81MPa和6 678.43-8 348.93MPa,其MOR和MOE的值均达到普通胶合板的性能要求,可以生产出符合国家Ⅰ类胶合板胶合强度要求的无醛木塑胶合板。【结论】综合考虑生产成本和复合板性能指标,确定优化工艺因子为热压温度170℃,热压压力1.0MPa,热压时间10min,WPCP的MOR、MOE分别为64.13和8167.57MPa,相当于中等硬材水平。

LS-DYNA无网格伽辽金方法在轧制过程三维仿真分析中的应用

文章介绍了无网格方法的进展情况,详细论述了LS-DYNA中的EFG方法;成功地将三维EFG方法应用于轧制过程的仿真分析;完成了三维简单轧制及H型钢万能轧制过程的EFG仿真分析,并与传统的FEM方法进行了对比。证明了EFG方法在三维轧制仿真中的可行性,阐述了EFG方法在大变形仿真分析中的优势。

板带轧制过程二维流函数-无网格伽辽金求解方法及其应用

针对无网格伽辽金法(Element free Galerkin method,EFGM)在求解板带轧制过程塑性变形时计算效率低及边界处理相对复杂等问题,在保留EFGM的基本求解思想与框架基础上,将流函数引入EFGM,推导建立一种针对板带轧制过程的二维无网格方法——流函数-无网格法(Flow function-element free Galerkin method,F-EFGM)。由于在该方法中,以求解域内各节点流函数值为未知变量,速度场通过流函数求导得到,进而求解其他场量,实现了对刚度矩阵的降阶。采用流函数作为未知基础变量不仅能自动满足体积不可压缩条件,还使本质边界条件和摩擦边界条件的施加更加简便。为考核验证该方法,建模并仿真分析二维平面应变轧制过程,发现计算效率比原EFGM大大提高,计算结果与经典文献的刚塑性有限元计算结果和文献中实测结果吻合较好。