Free Products of Trialgebras

We apply the method of Grobner-Shirshov bases for replicated algebras devel-oped by Kolesnikov to offer a general approach for constructing free products of associative trialgebras(or trioids).In particular,the open problem of Zhuchok on constructing free products of trioids is solved.

Subgroup Separability of Certain Generalized Free Products of Nilpotent-by-finite Groups

In this paper, we show that certain generalized free products of nilpotent-by-finite groups are subgroup separable when the amalgamated subgroup is × D where D is in the center of both factors.

Test Elements, Generic Elements and Almost Primitivity in Free Products

In [5, 6] the relationships between test words, generic elements, almost primitivity and tame almost primitivity were examined in free groups. In this paper we extend the concepts and connections to general free products and in particular to free products of cyclic groups.

Abelian Subgroup Separability of Certain Generalized Free Products of Groups

We prove that generalized free products of certain abelian subgroup separable groups are abelian subgroup separable.Applying this,we show that tree products of polycyclic-by-finite groups,amalgamating central subgroups or retracts are abelian subgroup separable.

Detection of Cyanide in Pollution-free Livestock Product Breeding Water by Ion Chromatography

In order to verify the accuracy of ion chromatography for cyanide detection,optimization conditions were studied,and comparison was made for the detection results of cyanide between titration and isonicotinic acid pyrazolone spectrophotometry. The results showed that ion chromatography has good linearity and reproducibility,with the recovery rate of 95%-105% and the limit of detection of 0. 001 mg/L. This method is simple,rapid,safe,selective,and suitable for the determination of cyanide in pollution-free livestock product breeding water.

Study on Parameters of Consumer Preferences for Alternative Wheat Products (Gluten-Free Foods) in USA and India

Celiac Disease (CD) is an inherited, autoimmune disorder in which proteins from the grains wheat, rye and barley (collectively called gluten) damage the small intestine. The only treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. With a prevalence rate of about one in 100-133 people worldwide. Celiac disease is wide-spread across the globe. Unlike traditional allergies, which cause immediate reactions, gluten sensitivity is harder to pin down since it manifests gradually and in various forms like headaches, stomach cramps, bloating, anxiety, and depression. Due to complicated diagnosis procedure and lack of awareness, many cases are either misdiagnosed or not at all diagnosed in India and USA. In spite of high growth, gluten-free foods are facing problems to grain ground in Asian market, due to high price, lack of awareness about the products, large number of un-diagnosed cases and inefficient value chain for gluten-free products. One of the major issues in India and USA is very high prices of gluten-free foods as compared to regular food products. Globally, the market potential of gluten free products is estimated to be USD 4639.13 Million and USD 7594.43 Million in 2015 and 2020 respectively. The global gluten free food market is projected to grow with a CAGR between 9 percent and 10.2 percent during 2016-2022. The study on consumer preference of gluten-free foods would enable manufacturers of gluten-free foods to understand the current and evolving expectations of consumers and to design the products according. Study of two countries i.e., India and USA would enable manufacturers to understand the difference in choices and preferences related to gluten-free foods for both the nations. This study would help manufacturers of alternative wheat product to form the concrete marketing and product development strategy based on recent consumer behavior trends.

Certain free products of operator spaces

Certain free products are introduced for operator spaces and dual operator spaces.It is shown that the free product of operator spaces does not preserve the injectivity. The linking C*-algebra of the full free product of two ternary rings of operators (simply, TRO's) is *-isomorphic to the full free product of the linking C*-algebras of the two TRO's. The operator space-reduced free product of the preduals of von Neumann algebras agrees with the predual of the reduced free product of the von Neumann algebras. Each of two operator spaces can be embedded completely isometrically into the reduced free product of the operator spaces. Finally, an example is presented to show that the C*-algebra-reduced free product of two C*-algebras may be contractively isomorphic to a proper subspace of their reduced free product as operator spaces.

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil in Pollution-free Agricultural Product Bases in Guangxi

Using data of 6 pollution-free agricultural product bases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,this paper analyzed content of heavy metals,including arsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr) in soil.After Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As content in soil is determined,it evaluated the pollution of soil using single factor pollution index method and Nemerow synthetic pollution index method in combination with evaluation standard of heavy metals in soil and grading standard for soil pollution.Analysis results indicate that As,Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr content is different in pollution-free agricultural product bases,but all conform to related standards and there is no standard exceeding problem.It is concluded that the quality of soil in pollution-free agricultural product bases is excellent,not polluted and completely meet requirements of evaluation standards,and suitable for developing pollution-free agricultural products.

基于Scale-free网络的客户协同创新合作伙伴选择

为在大量创新客户中筛选出协同创新伙伴,提出基于Scale-free网络的客户协同创新合作伙伴选择方法。首先根据在线社区中客户间关系建立创新客户网络拓扑结构模型,并对创新客户网络的Scale-free特性进行验证,然后应用Scale-free网络的中心化指标初步筛选出创新合作伙伴,在此基础上应用网络效率指标对Scale-free网络的中心化指标进行评定,并选择最终的创新合作伙伴,最后通过某品牌在线社区创新客户数据实例验证了方法的可行性与有效性。

由Aesthetic到Productive:美学范式的后现代转换

"审美化(Aesthetic)"是美学的现代范式,它试图解决的基本问题是"感性-理性"的矛盾,而这与特定时代资本尚主要在物质生产领域运作进而"物质性-精神性"还是社会文化的主要矛盾有关。随着后现代大众消费社会的形成,资本开始在艺术等精神生产领域扩张,"物质性-精神性"的矛盾似乎正在消除或者退居次要位置,精神生产"商品化"与"娱乐消遣化"高度融合所形成的"消费化"正在成为主导趋向,针对这种"消费化",后现代美学的主导范式应由"审美化(Aesthetic)"转换成"生产化(Productive)",只有完成这种后现代转换,美学才能寻求到批判后现代日趋膨胀的消费主义的恰切的价值立足点。本文试图在马克思艺术"自由时间"生产论中,探寻生产化美学的价值立足点,揭示后现代艺术生产在"自由时间"与"必要时间"、"生产性享受"与"消费性享受"相分裂中所呈现出的内在对抗性。

Simultaneous Control of Microorganisms and Disinfection By-products by Sequential Chlorination

Objective To introduce a new sequential chlorination disinfection process in which short-term free chlorine and chloramine are sequentially added. Methods Pilot tests of this sequential chlorination were carried out in a drinking water plant. Results The sequential chlorination disinfection process had the same or better efficiency on microbe （including virus） inactivation compared with the free chlorine disinfection process. There seemed to be some synergetic disinfection effect between free chlorine and monochloramine because they attacked different targets. The sequential chlorination disinfection process resulted in 35.7%-77.0% TTHM formation and 36.6%-54.8% THAA5 formation less than the free chlorination process. The poorer the water quality was, the more advantage the sequential chlorination disinfection had over the free chlorination. Conclusion This process takes advantages of free chlorine＇s quick inactivation of microorganisms and chloramine＇s low disinfection by-product （DBP） yield and long-term residual effect, allowing simultaneous control of microbes and DBPs in an effective and economic way.

Effects of different free fatty acids on insulin resistance in rats

BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with insulin resistance. However, it is not clear whether different FFAs can cause different degrees of peripheral insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term elevation of FFAs on hepatic and peripheral insulin action, and determine whether FFAs with different degrees of saturation have differential effects on hepatic insulin resistance. METHODS: Intralipid+heparin (IH, polyunsaturated fatty acids), oleate (OLE), lard oil+heparin (LOH), and saline (SAL) were separately infused intravenously for 7 hours in normal Wistar rats. During the last 2 hours of the fat/saline infusion, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping was performed with [6-H-3] glucose tracer. Plasma glucose was measured using the glucose oxygenase method. Plasma insulin and C-peptide were determined by radioimmunoassays. Plasma FFAs were measured using a colorimetric method. RESULTS: Compared with infusion of SAL, plasma FFA levels were significantly elevated by infusions of IH, OLE, and LOH (P<0.001). All three fat infusions caused remarkably higher hepatic glucose production (HGP) than SAL (P<0.001). OLE and LOH infusions induced much higher HGP than IH (P<0.01). Glucose utilization (GU) was decreased with all three fat infusions relative to SAL (P<0.001), but GU did not differ among the three types of fat infusions. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term elevation of FFAs can induce hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids induced less hepatic insulin resistance than monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids. However, IH, OLE, and LOH infusions induced similar peripheral insulin resistance.

PRODUCTION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH-QUALITY METAL POWDERS AND SPRAYFORMED PRODUCTS

Metal powders of superlative quality, i.e. high cleanliness, rapidly solidified and spherical shape, have seen an increasing demand in the market. The leading technology for the production of such powders is the inert gas atomization of metal alloy melts. To fulfill these requirements, the metal alloy is usually produced in a vacuum induction melting furnace (VI-GA = vacuum induction melting/gas atomization) and poured by means of a preheated tundish system into a gas nozzle where the metal stream is disintegrated by a high kinetic energy inert gas jet. The produced micro-droplets solidify in a free fall inside the atomization tower. For special applications, super-clean and ceramic-free metal powders can be produced by using the EIGA (electrode induction melting/gas atomization) melting- and atomizing system. As an alternative to the metal powder route, the sprayforming technology allows to produce semi-finished products in one step. In this case, the metal droplets produced by the high-energy inert gas nozzle system are directly solidified on a substrate, allowing to form billets, rolls and tubes.

深部煤层气游离气饱和度计算模型及其应用

近几年全国深部煤层气基于精细地质研究和水平井多段加砂压裂取得重大突破,部分井日产气量高达十万方,给煤层气产业重新树立了信心。但是,由于深部煤储层处于高地应力、高地温、高孔隙压力、低渗透率的复杂地质环境,不同深度煤储层典型参数和煤层气赋存方式的分布特征以及对储量和产量的影响亟需揭示。基于Langmuir等温吸附式、亨利定律及物质平衡原理,考虑吸附层和溶解气的影响,建立了深部煤层气游离气饱和度计算模型;以国内鄂尔多斯盆地大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气藏为例,分析不同深度深部煤层气赋存方式及分布特征,并评价游离气饱和度对深部煤层气储量、产量与合理配产的影响。研究认为:当煤层埋深大于溶解饱和对应的深度,游离气才会出现,且随着埋深的增加,游离气饱和度先快速增加后缓慢增加,目标区块埋深1875 m处才出现游离气,在埋深2800 m处游离气饱和度高达90%,游离气的占比高达17.3%。游离气饱和度对深部煤层气储量计算、产气特征和合理配产影响很大,随着游离气饱和度的增大,煤层气储量线性增大,累产气量持续上升但后期上升幅度逐渐变缓,深部煤层气井最优配产增加,井底流压下降速度加快,压裂改造区的内外压差降低,未改造区动用程度增加。目标区块主力开发煤层埋深位于2100~2300 m,游离气饱和度介于48%~68%,游离气占比介于10%~13%,建议气井合理配产介于(4~10)×10^(4)m^(3)/d。研究结果可为深部煤层气进一步开发提供理论依据和方法支撑。

Development of Lactose Free Yogurt Technology for Personalized Nutrition

Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the bad ecological situation, fermented milk drinks are gaining more and more popularity because of associating with an array of health benefits. Fermented milk products contain a unique in its kind disaccharide of animal origin lactose, which has the ability to stimulate the development of lactic acid microorganisms that suppress the vital activity of pathogenic microflora in the human intestine, promoting the absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. A significant part of the world’s population suffers from lactose intolerance, linked to a genetically determined deficiency of the β-galactosidase enzyme, which is one of the main reasons for the decrease in demand for dairy products among consumers suffering from primary or acquired intolerance to milk sugar. Lactose is a natural disaccharide contained in dairy products. Lactase deficiency is a variant of fermentopathy caused by the inability to break down lactose due to the activity decrease of lactase—the parietal digestion enzyme in the small intestine. Lactose intolerance in the gastrointestinal tract of a person suffering from hypo- and alactasia leads to dispersion, diarrhea and other undesirable phenomena. For the successful prevention and treatment of these diseases, it is necessary to reduce or completely eliminate the lactose intake. A technology for lactose-free milk production was developed using fermentation technology. On the basis of lactose-free milk, a range of lactose-free yoghurts was developed of animal origin of the following types: natural, enriched and fortified. Flax seeds, sesame seeds and chia seeds, which are rich in vitamins, were used to produce a range of enriched yogurts. To obtain fortified yoghurts, the mineral iron was used, which prevent the development of anemia and oncological pathologies. Experimental assortment of lactose-free yoghurts was assessed by physicochemical and organoleptic methods. All developed samples meet the standards of technical documentation for this type of food product. The organoleptic characteristics were highly appreciated. Developed lactose-free products are an opportunity for many people to return to a normal healthy diet.

Detection of Gluten in Dishes Offered as Gluten-Free in a Gastronomic Area Located in San José, Costa Rica

Celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and gluten intolerance are health conditions that require consumers to avoid their gluten intake. In Costa Rica, Law 8975 regulates the amount of gluten permitted in prepackaged products labeled as “gluten-free”, but the parameters to be followed are not mandated for food service operations. This study investigated whether restaurants with gluten-free (GF) options in a gastronomic area of the city of San José, Costa Rica, achieved the requirements of the legislation that the dishes offered should contain less than 20 ppm gluten. Using data collected from five restaurants offering GF dishes, two provided dishes with quantities of gluten greater than 20 ppm (restaurant A, four samples and restaurant B, three samples);particularly dishes from the category “meat with sauce”. Although those dishes are naturally gluten-free, when they are handled in areas of shared production, they are exposed to the risk of cross contact, furthermore the adding of misscellaneous such as: marinades, sauces and condiments, which could contain traces of gluten or hidden gluten, a risk associated with the use of ingredients without certification GF (supplier’s practices and label declaration). Therefore improvements in food service procedures should be enforced. The findings of the present study emphasize the need to include restaurant foods in the relevant legislation to ensure that the gluten-intolerant sector of the population remains safe when eating out.

Representations of Free Groups on Rational Line Q

A.M.W. Glass and S.H.McCleary have given the 2 transitive representation of the countable free l group F η(1<η≤ω 0 ).In this paper we shall give the highly ordered transitive representation of countable free groups on the rational line Q, which generalizes their results. As applications,we obtain the highly ordered transitive representation for the direct product of countable free groups,and the inverse limit of countable free groups must be an action on the set Q.

Optimization of post-warranty sequential inspection for second-hand products

This paper considers an optimal sequential inspection schedule for a second-hand product after that the free nonrenewable warranty is expired. The length of warranty is prespecified and during the warranty period, the product is minimally repaired by the dealer when it fails. Following the expiration of the non-renewing warranty, the product is inspected and upgraded sequentially a fixed number of times at the expenses of the customer.At each inspection, the failure rate of the product is reduced proportionally so that the product is upgraded. The product is assumed to deteriorate as it ages and the replacement of the product occurs when a fixed number of inspections are rendered. In addition,the intervals between two successive inspections are assumed to decrease monotonically. The main objective of this paper is to determine the optimal improvement level to upgrade the product at each inspection so that the expected maintenance cost during the life cycle of the product is minimized from the perspective of the customer. Under the given cost structures, we derive an explicit formula to obtain the expected maintenance cost incurred during the life cycle of the product and discuss the method to find the optimal level of the improvement analytically in case the failure times follow the Weibull distribution. Numerical results are analyzed to observe the impact of relevant parameters on the optimal solution.

The Value Insistence of the Cultural Production in the Big Data Era

The ultimate value of cultural production should be realizing human's comprehensive and free development,and deconstructing the ultimate value would result in human alienation.In the era of big data,every domain of human's social life,even the mode of thinking,has been transformed significantly.However,when the big data technology entirely penetrates the field of cultural production especially inducts the cultural production depending on the demand forecasting techniques,it would inevitably lead to a worry about value of the cultural production.This paper formulates that the cultural production's essence in the era of big data remains for the purpose of maximizing profit of commercial manipulation based on the modeling analysis of cultural production mechanism in the big data times.If the tendency is not corrected,the two main factors of cultural consumerism prevalence and the instrumental reason dictatorship will gradually deconstruct the ultimate value of cultural production and bring about the alienation of human being.For the sake of avoiding the trend,we should cope with two relationships:one is the people as a means and as a purpose;the other is the instrumental reason and the value rationality,finally giving rise to human's comprehensive and free development rather than human alienation.