Effect of continuous annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of ferritic rolled interstitial-free steel

In this report,the microstructure,mechanical properties,and textures of warm rolled interstitial-free steel annealed at four different temperatures(730,760,790,and 820°C)were studied.The overall structural features of specimens were investigated by optical microscopy,and the textures were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Nano-sized precipitates were then observed by a transmission electron microscope(TEM)on carbon extraction replicas.According to the results,with increased annealing temperatures,the ferrite grains grew;in addition,the sizes of Ti_4C_2S_2 and Ti C precipitates also increased.Additionally,the sizes of Ti N and Ti S precipitates slightly changed.When the annealing temperature increased from 730 to 820°C,the yield strength(YS)and the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)showed a decreasing trend.Meanwhile,elongation and the strain harden exponent(n value)increased to 49.6%and 0.34,respectively.By comparing textures annealed at different temperatures,the intensity of{111}texture annealed at 820°C was the largest,while the difference between the intensity of{111}<110>and{111}<112>was the smallest when the annealing temperature was 820°C.Therefore,the plastic strain ratio(r value)annealed at 820°C was the highest.

Rolling Control Characteristic Experimental Investigation of a Canard Missile with Free-Spinning Tail

To study the rolling control characteristics of a canard-controlled missile, a series of wind tunnel experiment is conducted. The experimental method, the structure features of wind tunnel model and the experimental results are introduced in this paper. The experimental data show that the canard is an inefficient rolling control device for canard-controlled missile with fixed tail fins; but for the free-spinning tail fin configuration, the canard can conduct rolling control of the missile, and even have higher controlling efficiency under larger canard deflection angle.

A Calculation Method of Rolling Characteristics of Canard Missile with Free-Spinning Tails

The steady flow field of a canard missile on different angles of attack and Mach numbers were studied. Based on analysis, a method was proposed to reduce the calculation for the rolling characteristics of the canard missile with free-spinning tails, and was tested to obtain the relations between rolling moment coefficient, Mach number, and angle of attack. All the computed rolling moment coefficients obtained from the proposed method greatly agreed with the experimental results of FD-06 wind tunnel in CAAA, which proved that the method can not only reduce the calculation cost but also keep precision in calculating the rolling characteristics of canard missiles.

Strain rate and cold rolling dependence of tensile strength and ductility in high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.

Study of measurement and control of free loop of hot steel strip in twin-roll strip casting

In the twin-roll strip casting process, hot cast strips can be broken or tom if the casting speed does not match the rolling speed. Usually, a certain length of hot steel strip is hung freely between the caster and rolling mill to deal with the effect of this speed difference. In this paper,the freely hanging hot steel strip is referred to as the free loop of hot steel strip. Accurately measuring and controlling the height of this free loop is the key factor in maintaining a stable casting operation. Several methods for measuring the loop height of a steel strip are discussed and a method for accurately measuring and controlling the free loop height of hot steel strip is presented. Based on the results of the casting loop quantity change curve, this control method is confirmed to be effective and able to meet the requirements of continuous casting strip production.

Roll shifting strategy with varying stroke and step in hot strip mill

A new roll shifting strategy with varying stroke and varying step was investigated,Two characteristic parameters including cat ear height and gap contour smoothness were introduced to assess the effect of shifting strategy on roll wear,and the relation between characteristic parameters and shifting strategy was established.Both varying stroke and varying step can reduce cat ear height and gap contour smoothness,so the shifting strategy with varying stroke and varying step is better than the one with either varying stroke or varying step,Based on the effect of shifting control parameters on characteristic parameters of roll wear,the selection principle of these shifting control parameters was gained.A case study was conducted to validate the proposed roll shifting strategy,reducing uncontrollable quartic loading gap contour,improving strip profile and extending rolling length of a rolling campaign.

Numerical Simulation of Rolling Stability of Flight Vehicle

Large lift-to-drag ratio,high maneuverability,and good controllability are the basic performance for flight vehicles.Studying the rolling stability problems of a high lift-to-drag ratio aircraft is of great significance to the safety and control in maneuvering flight.The research on the static stability in the rolling direction of a HTV-2 like shape under a typical Mach number and attack angle was carried out.Similarly,by using Euler,laminar,turbulence and transition models,investigations of the dynamic stability in a single degree of freedom rolling motion of the same shape structure were executed.The numerical results show that the dynamic derivative of Euler is the largest,and the dynamic derivatives resulting from laminar,turbulence,and transition models are not much different.

新一代高技术宽带钢轧机电工钢高精度板形控制研究进展

自由规程轧制是实现柔性一体化生产组织和追求最大生产效率的必要途径,板形控制一直是制约电工钢自由规程轧制的瓶颈难题。阐述了国际上对新一代高技术宽带钢轧机机型的不断探索与板形控制技术特征及其日趋复杂化的进展研究;基于热模拟与数学模型构建了电工钢完整轧制过程的高温本构关系,建立了电工钢热塑性变形过程集成仿真模型,原创构建了电工钢自由规程轧制完整过程中可同时控制不均匀变形和不均匀磨损的非对称自补偿轧制作用机制、提出了一种由数据与机理融合驱动的电工钢自由规程轧制形性协同的非对称自补偿轧制轧辊辊形、液压窜辊和液压弯辊的高精度融合控制方法。结合生产实际提出了新一代高技术热连轧自由规程轧制过程的全板形融合π机型与板形控制创新技术,突破性实现了高效低成本对新一代高技术宽带钢轧机自由规程轧制的高精度板形控制,为现场工业生产提供了理论基础和创新实现路径。最后展望了宽幅电工钢高精度板形控制的创新发展趋势。

Structure and Properties of Sn-9Zn Lead-Free Solder Alloy with Heat Treatment

The Sn-9Zn lead-free solder alloy was prepared by conventional casting technique then cold-rolled into long sheets of 1 mm thickness and 3 mm width. It was annealed at 80, 120 and 160°C for 60 min to investigate the effect of isochronal heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of the cold rolled Sn-9Zn alloy. The results showed that, the crystallite size and lattice strain have opposite behavior with increasing annealing temperature due to recovery and recrystalization processes associated with the heat treatment process. Vickers micro-hardness number increases continuously from 155 to 180 MPa with increasing annealing temperature. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was also calculated. It was found that, it is equal to 61.4 MPa for the non annealed sample and slightly decreases to 60.5 and 58.2 MPa for samples annealed at 80 and 120°C, respectively. While, increases to 65.4 MPa for the sample annealed at 160°C. Also, ductility increases with increasing annealing temperature in opposite manor with the UTS. The new method for Micro-creep behavior as well as the creep rate calculated by this method has been characterized at room temperature.

基于靶标诱导滚环扩增的无标记适配体生物传感器快速检测赭曲霉毒素A

该文构建一种基于靶标诱导滚环扩增(rolling circle amplification,RCA)的无标记适配体快速检测赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)生物传感器。该生物传感器探针由RCA引物与OTA适配体两部分组成,在OTA存在的环境中,OTA适配体特异性识别靶标,探针结构被打开,RCA引物与环状DNA模板(circular DNA template,CT)结合开启RCA反应,加入核酸染料SYBR Gold产生荧光信号。此生物传感器具有较高的特异性,检测限为6.6×10^(-2)nmol/L,线性检测范围为6.6×10^(-2)~660 nmol/L,可用于具体的分析检测。此生物传感器无需复杂化学修饰且操作简单,在食品安全检测中具有良好的应用前景。

面向港口起重机的无脂润滑系统解决方案

码头自动化和设备远程控制对港口起重机的可靠性运行提出了更高的要求,传统脂润滑方式已不能满足码头设备高效作业需求。提出一种面向港口起重机的无脂润滑系统解决方案,通过改变运动副润滑方式,构建润滑单元,建立润滑状态监控平台,实现运维智能化,可提高港口起重机的耐用性、可靠性和工作效率。

微型无油滚动转子压缩机的动力特性与摩擦损失分析

微型滚动转子压缩机的无油化带来的摩擦损耗问题不容忽视,研究其摩擦损耗分布规律及其改进措施对提高压缩机效率至关重要,为此,对微型无油滚动转子压缩机主要摩擦副进行了变工况、变结构的摩擦功耗研究。首先,建立了微型无油滚动转子压缩机动力学分析的数学模型;然后,对微型无油滚动转子压缩机主要部件的受力进行了特性分析,并计算获得了主要摩擦副摩擦功耗随主轴转角的变化规律;最后,分析了排气压力、滑片厚度、偏心率和相对气缸长度对微型无油滚动转子压缩机主要摩擦副摩擦功耗及其占比的影响规律。研究结果表明:排气压力从1100 kPa提高至1800 kPa,压缩机总摩擦功耗升高了67.7%;滑片厚度从1 mm提高至3 mm,总摩擦功耗仅升高了32.8%;偏心率从0.06提高至0.2,总摩擦功耗升高了121.5%;相对气缸长度从0.25提高至0.6,总摩擦功耗升高了31.9%。根据分析结果可得出结论:微型无油滚动转子压缩机的偏心率的取值在0.14左右最为合适,优化偏心率对改善微型无油滚动转子压缩机的摩擦损失效果最明显,其次是改变滑片厚度,最后是改变相对气缸长度。

免加热直接轧制技术送钢控制模型对直轧率的影响

针对棒线材的免加热直接轧制技术将铸坯从连铸机直接运输到轧机进行轧制,可完全取消传统加热炉,实现节能减排的目标。与传统棒线材轧制工艺相比,直轧率偏低是影响免加热直接轧制技术推广的因素之一。提出了一种新送钢控制模型,依据现场实际生产工艺参数,研究对比了先进先出模型(first in first out, FIFO)和所提控制模型的运行效果。结果显示,在四机四流连接一条轧线下,采用FIFO控制模型的直轧率为88.7%,与实测直轧率吻合较好,而采用所提控制模型可将直轧率提高到94.3%。同时还模拟研究了两种模型在五机五流连接一条轧线下的直轧率,结果显示使用FIFO控制模型、所提控制模型的直轧率分别为74.3%和81.7%。通过结果对比发现,送钢控制因素直接影响直轧率。另外,连铸机流数与轧机能力的匹配程度也是影响直轧率的重要因素之一。

三次渗碳体和游离渗碳体对低碳钢弯曲性能的影响

生产和使用中发生了两起低碳钢产品弯曲开裂:SPHC钢异形门框弯曲开裂和Q195钢热镀锌C形钢弯曲开裂。对开裂的异形门框和C形钢进行了宏观检验、金相检验和断口分析,并对热镀锌在线退火工艺进行了模拟试验。结果表明:低碳钢中的三次渗碳体和游离渗碳体与基体之间易形成孔隙和微裂纹,降低钢的弯曲性能,在弯曲力的作用下钢发生开裂;热镀锌SPHC和Q195钢带中的渗碳体来源于热轧钢带的组织遗传;为控制三次渗碳体的数量,热轧低碳钢带的终轧温度应控制在860~880℃,卷取温度控制在580~610℃,卷取后钢带应避免缓冷。

压延率对无氧铜板高温退火的组织及性能影响

高导热AMB陶瓷基板的覆铜厚板性能直接影响基板的电性能和力学性能。通过对无氧铜原料板的加工、微观组织调整以及陶瓷与铜板的活性焊料复合,达到AMB陶瓷覆铜基板最优的组织状态和电学与力学性能。首先对无氧铜板原料进行450℃和650℃再结晶退火0.5 h处理,得到两种原始的铜板组织。其次,对原始铜板进行压延率为15%、30%、45%、60%、75%的压延和800℃/1 h的退火处理,研究了退火铜板的微观组织及力学性能和电学性能。结果表明:当压延率在15%~75%时,随着压延率增加,晶粒逐渐被拉长变成扁平状,再变成纤维状;硬度随着压延率增加逐渐增大,铜板的延伸率逐渐减小,抗拉强度在压延率为15%~60%时逐渐增大,压延率达到75%时出现了小幅度降低。当在800℃退火1 h后,铜板表面晶粒尺寸随着压延率的增加逐渐减小,晶粒分布更加均匀,其大小稳定在400~800μm之间。铜板在压延率为15%~60%时的抗拉强度基本保持不变;当压延率到达75%时,抗拉强度出现小幅度降低。铜板硬度随着压延率增加基本保持不变。当压延率从15%变为75%时,铜板的电阻率有小幅度上升。

汽车薄板钢中游离渗碳体的评定方法解析

为了更好地对汽车薄板产品中游离渗碳体组织进行微观评价,结合国内外相关标准中的评定方法介绍了3种评定渗碳体的方法,即级别评定法、定量法和最大限定尺寸法。对每种方法的评定内容进行了详细说明,并分别采用3种方法对一般用冷轧碳钢薄板及钢带中的游离渗碳体进行评定,便于读者更好地理解和使用,为汽车板等产品质量的提升提供可靠的微观评价方法。

水翼船的横摇控制

将一条模型尺度的全浸没式水翼艇作为案例船开展横摇控制研究。采用模型预测控制算法有效处理水翼失速角等约束条件,同时限制水翼的大幅剧烈运动,兼顾横摇姿态控制和执行机构保护的双重目标。在预测模型中增添预测偏差量作为前馈项,用以消除稳态误差,对常规模型预测控制算法做出一个重要改进。将案例船配备推进系统和可控水翼进行横摇控制航行试验,结果清晰展示了改进型模型预测控制器的横摇控制效果,这对水翼船的姿态控制研究具有重要借鉴意义。

无镍化耐候箱板铜脆缺陷的分析与控制

含Cu耐候箱板在成分无镍化生产过程中易产生“铜脆”缺陷,采用金相显微镜与扫描电镜观察铜脆缺陷形貌,分析缺陷产生原因并提出改善措施。通过优化成分、轧钢等工艺,表面铜脆缺陷得到改善,实现了无镍化耐候箱板工业化稳定生产。

板形控制与热轧带钢自由规程轧制

板形是热轧带钢的重要质量指标。自由规程轧制是带钢热轧中实现柔性生产组织和最高生产效率的必由之路。热轧工作辊表面严重不均匀磨损 ,导致承载辊缝形状畸变和“批量同宽轧制”或“大逆宽轧制”时带钢板形失控 ,进而制约了自由规程轧制。自由规程轧制问题本质上是板形控制问题。为了实现自由规程轧制需减少磨损量、均匀化磨损分布或开发特殊的板形控制技术。

兼顾热轧工艺润滑的工作辊磨损预报模型

通过对某1700热连轧厂润滑轧制中轧辊磨损主要影响因素的研究,提出了包含润滑项的工作辊磨损预报模型,并采用模拟退火遗传算法估算模型主要参数。现场运用结果表明,该工作辊磨损模型结构及其模型参数能够兼顾热轧润滑和非润滑工况,提高了工作辊磨损的预报精度,满足在线运用需求。