Triad-displaced ULAs configuration for non-circular sources with larger continuous virtual aperture and enhanced degrees of freedom

Non-uniform linear array(NULA)configurations are well renowned due to their structural ability for providing increased degrees of freedom(DOF)and wider array aperture than uniform linear arrays(ULAs).These characteristics play a significant role in improving the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation accuracy.However,most of the existing NULA geometries are primarily applicable to circular sources(CSs),while they limitedly improve the DOF and continuous virtual aperture for noncircular sources(NCSs).Toward this purpose,we present a triaddisplaced ULAs(Tdis-ULAs)configuration for NCS.The TdisULAs structure generally consists of three ULAs,which are appropriately placed.The proposed antenna array approach fully exploits the non-circular characteristics of the sources.Given the same number of elements,the Tdis-ULAs design achieves more DOF and larger hole-free co-array aperture than its sparse array competitors.Advantageously,the number of uniform DOF,optimal distribution of elements among the ULAs,and precise element positions are uniquely determined by the closed-form expressions.Moreover,the proposed array also produces a filled resulting co-array.Numerical simulations are conducted to show the performance advantages of the proposed Tdis-ULAs configuration over its counterpart designs.

Time-Domain Analysis of Body Freedom Flutter Based on 6DOF Equation

The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.

Degree of Freedom Analysis for Holographic MIMO Based on a Mutual-Coupling-Compliant Channel Model

Degree of freedom(DOF)is a key indicator for spatial multiplexing layers of a wireless channel.Traditionally,the channel of a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)half-wavelength dipole array has a DOF that equals the antenna number.However,recent studies suggest that the DOF could be less than the antenna number when strong mutual coupling is considered.We utilize a mutual-coupling-compliant channel model to investigate the DOF of the holographic MIMO(HMIMO)channel and give a upper bound of the DOF with strong mutual coupling.Our numerical simulations demonstrate that a dense array can support more DOF per unit aperture as compared with a half-wavelength MIMO system.

Trimming the Degrees of Freedom via a K^(+) Flux Rectifier for Safe and Long‑Life Potassium‑Ion Batteries

High degrees of freedom(DOF)for K^(+)movement in the electrolytes is desirable,because the resulting high ionic conductivity helps improve potassium-ion batteries,yet requiring support from highly free and flammable organic solvent molecules,seriously affecting battery safety.Here,we develop a K^(+)flux rectifier to trim K ion’s DOF to 1 and improve electrochemical properties.Although the ionic conductivity is compromised in the K^(+)flux rectifier,the overall electrochemical performance of PIBs was improved.An oxidation stability improvement from 4.0 to 5.9 V was realized,and the formation of dendrites and the dissolution of organic cathodes were inhibited.Consequently,the K||K cells continuously cycled over 3,700 h;K||Cu cells operated stably over 800 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%;and K||graphite cells exhibited high-capacity retention over 74.7%after 1,500 cycles.Moreover,the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide organic cathodes operated for more than 2,100 cycles and reached year-scale-cycling time.We fabricated a 2.18 Ah pouch cell with no significant capacity fading observed after 100 cycles.

Freedom EVO全自动酶联免疫前处理仪故障分析

全自动酶联免疫前处理是一种高自动化酶免诊断分析仪,用于检验科各类样品的液体处理工作。仪器在正常保养的情况下,由于标本量巨大、项目繁多,运行过程中不可避免地会出现故障。以Freedom EVO全自动酶联免疫前处理为例,分析总结使用过程中出现的常见故障及解决方法,以尽快解决故障,提高检验质量和工作效率,确保设备长期有效的运行,供操作及维护人员参考。

The Kinematics Performance of Self-Propelled Full Freedom Filament in Wakes of Flow around Cylinder

In vortex streets, the kinematics performance of self-propelled full freedom filament is closely related to the length and the position of filaments in the flow field. In this paper, the changes of passive propulsion velocity and pressure of full-degree-of-freedom filaments after cylindrical wake were analyzed by 15 sets of experiments when the length and position of filaments were changed. The results show that the propulsive velocity of the filament, it approximately increases first and then decreases with the filament length increasing, and the further away from the center of the cylinder, the smaller the propulsive velocity of the filament. In addition, the longer the filament length and the further it is from the center of the cylinder, the lower the pressure around the filament. Experiments show that filaments without energy input can obtain energy from the surrounding flow field to maintain self-propelled motion. Studying the influence of length and position on the kinematics of filaments is helpful to provide a reference for revealing the hydrodynamic mechanism on passive propulsion process and developing low resistance energy harvesting device in swimming fish movement.

The Prisoner of“Freedom”:Cultural Displacement of Santosh in Naipaul’s In a Free State

In a Free State is a post-colonial novel written by Naipaul.“One out of Many”is one of the stories in this novel to explore the freedom of the culturally rootless.The protagonist,Santosh,lives under the collision between the Indian culture and American culture.In the“crevice”of two different cultures,he is deeply involved in the tumultuous and painful process of cultural displacement.His behaviors in cultural displacement can be divided into three stages.Firstly,he has experienced a“cultural shock”after his arrival in Washington,D.C.as a new comer.Secondly,after being fully exposed to the host culture and American style,he has experienced assimilation and absorption to be like an American.Finally when he escapes from his employer and chooses his own way of living,he finds that he is not free at all because he is confronted with an awkward cultural dilemma:he can neither return to his past life;nor can he aspire to a better future.The anxiety about the dislocation causes misery for his fate.As a result,he becomes a prisoner in an unfamiliar culture,and his“freedom”can only be a rootless“freedom”.

The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Public Freedom of Information in the“Anti-circumvention Clause”

There is a long-standing conflict between intellectual property rights and public freedom of information.The continuous development of the“anti-circumvention clause”has caused the conflict to intensify.As a basic human right,freedom of information is being gradually eroded by the expansion of intellectual property rights.The existing research mainly carries on the right balance from the negative protection path,but the positive protection path is more advantageous to realizing the public freedom of information and alleviates the conflict between the two kinds of rights.In practice,there are some problems in the application of the anti-circumvention clause,such as the legality of the aim,the division of the protected part,and the determination of the circumvention.This is mainly due to the lack of restrictions on technical measures,the failure to distinguish between“copyright protection”and“contact control”,and the offside and absence of administrative bodies in practice.We should protect public freedom of information by distinguishing the two measures of copyright protection and contact control and the two torts of access and use,increasing the restrictive conditions for the use of technical protection measures,and changing the functions of administrative supervision agencies.

开源片上系统Freedom E310调试过程原理分析

Freedom E310是第一款基于RISC-V指令集架构的开源商业片上系统,可以依据具体应用场景对其进行深度定制,在介绍Freedom E310中与调试有关的模块、地址空间、控制状态寄存器之后,从原理上分析了halt、resume、step、断点设置等调试指令的实现过程。

开源片上系统Freedom E310调试方法研究

Freedom E310是第一款基于RISC—V指令集架构的开源商业片上系统，可以依据具体应用场景对其进行深度定制，在对Freedom E310及其Debug单元简单介绍的基础上，设计通过OpenOCD、J—Link建立Freedom E310调试环境，并进行了实际测试。

A Journey of Freedom-seeking—A Character Analysis of The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn

The thesis analyzes and comments on the two main characters in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn so as to reveal the truth that to win both physical and psychological freedom in the society, we must learn to stand on ourselves. It begins with a brief introduction to the author, the novel and the paper thesis. Then, the author discloses the freedom-fighting process of the two main characters and the functions of Mississippi River and the raft in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn: On the hegira,Huck realizes the cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality of the society; Jim, with his in telligence and compassion, wins his freedom; the Mississippi River and the raft are symbols of freedom. Finally, the author reveals that to win both physical and psychological freedom, one must rely on his or her own efforts.

Paradoxes in Isabel Archer's View of Freedom in The Portrait of a Lady

In The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer values her liberty higher than a sense of security that might be guaranteed by possessing great fortune. But there are some paradoxes in Isabel Archer's view of freedom, which have caused her failure in the fulfillment of her view of freedom.

The Core Value of American Culture——Freedom

Any understanding of America must come to terms with its central value and ideal.Freedom is such an influential val ue as well as one of the core values of American culture.It remains the sole basis for American society as we know.Without free dom the great nation of America would never have been founded.This paper tries to explore freedom as a value and its manifesta tion in USA from four aspects:politics,religion,speech and academics.

The Predetermined Failure of Murphy＇s Quest for Freedom in Closed Systems--Narritivity Temporality in Murphy

This essay aims at an analysis of Murphy's failure of his quest for freedom from the aspect of narrative temporality whichwill focus on order, duration and frequency. From the perspective of temporal order, the essay will endeavor to probe into the pro-lepsis in the novel to analyse predetermined narrative and its function. Considering with temporal duration, this essay will penetratethe deceleration of narrative—scene and pause in Murphy to explore its thematic meaning. To investigate the temporal frequency,iterative narrative within text will be exemplified to discuss closed systems in the novel. Based on the analysis of the narrativity tem-porality in Murphy, the essay will focuses on that how its narrative strategy well embodies its theme—the predetermined failure ofMurphy's quest for freedom in closed systems.

解读单元考点,牵手高频考题——Unit 14 Freedom fighters(英文)

1. Often blacks were not allowed intohotels, schools or libraries at all. (Page 28)【考点】allow的用法【归纳】allow 意为"允许, 准许"。用法有:allow sth. doing sth.allow sb. to do sth.allow sb. sth.allow for +n. (考虑, 顾及) / doing / obj.+

Experimental Study on Interaction Between Degrees of Freedom in a Wave Buoy

Increasing degrees of freedom(DOFs)is a useful way to raise the power capture efficiency of oscillating wave energy converters.Thus,this study proposes a buoy with three DOFs,which are surge,heave,and pitch.The hydrodynamic performance and power capture efficiency of the buoy is physically modeled.Amplitudes of unidirectional and coupled motions are compared to analyze the interaction effect between freedoms under conditions with and without power take-off damping.The capture width ratio and corresponding growth rates are also calculated.Results show that the buoy makes a periodic sinusoidal(or approximate)movement in every DOF.Coupling effect can cause an increase in the amplitude in one DOF and a decrease in the amplitudes of the others.This phenomenon shows that the kinematic energy of the buoy redistributes to all DOFs compared with the unidirectional conditions.Adding DOFs can improve the power absorption of the buoy in most cases,but the number of DOFs is not the more the better.

Modified Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Internal Model Control for Non-Square Systems with Multiple Time Delays

A modified two-degrees-of-freedom( M-TDOF) internal model control( IMC) method is proposed for non-square systems with multiple time delays and right-half-plane( RHP) zeros. In this method,pseudo-inverse is introduced to design the internal model controller,and a desired closed-loop transfer function is designed to eliminate the unrealizable factors of the derived controller. In addition,set-point tracking and load-disturbance rejection of each process are separately controlled by two controllers. The simulation results show that in addition to high decoupling performance and robustness,the proposed control method also effectively improves loaddisturbance rejection and simultaneously optimizes the input tracking performance and disturbance rejection performance by selecting the parameters of controllers. Furthermore,the higher tolerance of model mismatch is achieved in this paper.

System Identification Modeling of Ship Manoeuvring Motion in 4 Degrees of Freedom Based on Support Vector Machines

Based on support vector machines, three modeling methods, i.e., white-box modeling, grey-box modeling and black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion in 4 degrees of freedom are investigated. With the whole-ship mathematical model for ship manoeuvring motion, in which the hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained from roll planar motion mechanism test, some zigzag tests and turning circle manoeuvres are simulated. In the white-box modeling and grey-box modeling, the training data taken every 5 s from the simulated 20°/20° zigzag test are used, while in the black-box modeling, the training data taken every 5 s from the simulated 15°/15°, 20°/20° zigzag tests and 15°, 25° turning manoeuvres are used; and the trained support vector machines are used to predict the whole 20°/20° zigzag test. Comparisons between the simulated and predicted 20°/20° zigzag tests show good predictive ability of the proposed methods. Besides, all mathematical models obtained by the proposed modeling methods are used to predict the 10°/10° zigzag test and 35° turning circle manoeuvre, and the predicted results are compared with those of simulation tests to demonstrate the good generalization performance of the mathematical models. Finally, the proposed modeling methods are analyzed and compared with each other in aspects of application conditions, prediction accuracy and computation speed. The appropriate modeling method can be chosen according to the intended use of the mathematical models and the available data needed for system identification.

Bionic Quadruped Robot Dynamic Gait Control Strategy Based on Twenty Degrees of Freedom

Quadruped robot dynamic gaits have much more advantages than static gaits on speed and efficiency, however high speed and efficiency calls for more complex mechanical structure and complicated control algorithm. It becomes even more challenging when the robot has more degrees of freedom.As a result, most of the present researches focused on simple robot, while the researches on dynamic gaits for complex robot with more degrees of freedom are relatively limited. The paper is focusing on the dynamic gaits control for complex robot with twenty degrees of freedom for the first time. Firstly, we build a relatively complete 3 D model for quadruped robot based on spring loaded inverted pendulum(SLIP) model, analyze the inverse kinematics of the model, plan the trajectory of the swing foot and analyze the hydraulic drive. Secondly, we promote the control algorithm of one-legged to the quadruped robot based on the virtual leg and plan the state variables of pace gait and bound gait. Lastly, we realize the above two kinds of dynamic gaits in ADAMS-MATLAB joint simulation platform which testify the validity of above method.

Physical Modeling and Parametric Study on Two-Degree-of-Freedom VIV of A Cylinder near Rigid Wall

Unlike most previous studies on the transverse vortex-induced vibration（VlV） of a cylinder mainly under the wallfree condition （Williamson ＆ Govardhan, 2004）, this paper experimentally investigates the vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall exposed to steady flow. The amplitude and frequency responses of the cylinder are discussed. The lee wake flow patterns of the cylinder undergoin^g VIV were visualized by employing the hydrogen bubble technique. The effects of the gap-to-diameter ratio （eo/D） and the mass ratio on the vibration amplitude and frequency are analyzed. Comparisons of VIV response of the cylinder are made between one degree （only transverse） and two degrees of freedom （streamwise and transverse） and those between the present study and previous ones. The experimental observation indicates that there are two types of streamwise vibration, i.e. the first streamwise vibration （FSV） with small amplitude and the second streamwise vibration （SSV） which coexists with transverse vibration. The vortex shedding pattern for the FSV is approximately syrmnetric and that for the SSV is ahernate. The first streamwise vibration tends to disappear with the decrease of eo/D. For the case of large gap-to-dianeter ratios （ e.g. eo/D = 0. 54 ～ 1.58）, the maximum amplitudes of the second streamwise vibration and transverse one increase with the increasing gap- to-diameter ratio. But for the case of small gap-to-diameter ratios （e. g. eo/D= 0. 16, 0.23）, the vibration amplitude of the cylinder increases slowly at the initial stage （i.e. at small reduced velocity Vr）, and across the maximum amplitude it decreases quickly at the last stage （i.e. at large Vr）. Within the range of the examined small mass ratio （m 〈 4）, both streamwise and transverse vibration amplitude of the cylinder decrease with the increase of mass ratio for the fixed value of Vr- The vibration range （ in terms of Vr） tends to widen with the decrease of the mass ratio. In the second streamwise vibration region, the vibration frequency of the cylinder with a small mass ratio （ e.g. mx = 1.44） undergoes a jump at a certain Vr＋ The maximum amplitudes of the transverse vibration for two-degree-of-freedom case is larger than that for one-degree-of-freedom case, but the transverse vibration frequency of the cylinder with two degrees of freedom is lower than that with one degree of freedom（transverse）.