Regulation effect of the grille spacing of a funnel-type grating water–sediment separation structure on the debris flow performance

The size of pores or the grille spacing of water–sediment separation structures directly affects their regulation effect on the debris flow performance.A suitable pore size or grille spacing can effectively improve the water–sediment separation ability of the structure.The new funnel-type grating water–sediment separation structure(FGWSS)combines vertical and horizontal structures and provides a satisfactory water–sediment separation effect.However,the regulation effect of the grille spacing of the structure on the debris flow performance has not been studied.The regulation effect of the structure grille spacing on the debris flow performance is studied through a flume test,and the optimal structure grille spacing is obtained.An empirical equation of the relationship between the relative grille spacing of the structure and the sediment separation rate is established.Finally,the influence of the water–sediment separation structure on the regulation effect of debris flows is examined from two aspects:external factors(properties of debris flows)and internal factors(structural factors).The experimental results show that the gradation characteristics of solid particles in debris flows constitute a key factor affecting the regulation effect of the structure on the debris flow performance.The optimum grille spacing of the FGWSS matches the particle size corresponding to the material distribution curves d85~d90 of the debris flow.The total separation rate of debris flow particles is related to the grille spacing of the structure and the content of coarse and fine particles in the debris flow.

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Autophagy and its Regulation

With the ever increasing application of electronic technology, our exposure to artificial electromagnetic energy is also rapidly increasing. Electromagnetic radiation （EMR） is the fourth largest source of pollution, after air, water, and noise.

Spatial Effect of Environmental Regulation on Carbon Emissions

Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2014,the spatial dependence between the environment regulation and carbon emissions is tested by spatial autocorrelation analysis. Besides,spatial lag model and spatial error model are built to empirically test the marginal effect of environmental regulation on carbon emissions and its spatial effect. The result shows that the influence trajectory of environmental regulation on carbon emissions performances inverted ＂ U＂ type. It is ＂ green paradox effect＂ before the inflection point and ＂ reversed transmission reduction effect＂ after the inflection point. Moreover,the carbon emissions show significant spatial spillover effect. In order to achieve the desired effect of environmental regulation and promote carbon reduction,we should increase the environmental regulation intensity reasonably,select rational environmental regulation policy tools,and sufficiently consider the spatial spillover effect of carbon emissions.

Cultivated land quantity niche regulation and its environmental effect

The change in the quantity of cultivated land influences the structure, function and evolvement of ecosystem. The rational change in the quantity of cultivated land will be propitious to ecological security and sustainable development, and irrational change will deteriorate ecological environment. The concept of cultivated land quantity niche regulation was firstly put forward based on niche theory and the action-feedback mechanism between cultivated land quantity niche and cultivated land benefit niche. Then, the regulation measures of cultivated land quantity niche were brought forward in rural-urban area, agro-forest area and consolidation-reclamation-exploitation area. Finally, the ecological environmental effect after regulation was analyzed. The results show that different measures should be taken to regulate cultivated land quantity niche in different areas. The economic and social benefit niche of cultivated land should be promoted to regulate cultivated land quantity niche in rural-urban area and consolidation-reclamation-exploitation area. The social benefit niche of cultivated land should be reduced in agro-forest area. The regulation goal of cultivated land quantity niche will be attained by different measures.

A Comparative Analysis of China ICT Regulation Effectiveness Based on an IEP Framework

In order to conduct a comparative analysis on China's Telecommunications/ICT regulation effectiveness to make up the omission of international researches,and to find out the difference between China and other countries and try to improve China's ICT regulation effectiveness,this paper developed an extended,integrated ICT regulation effectiveness assessment framework,with a name of IEP framework that consists of three assessment directions,namely regulation institution,regulation enforcement and industry performance.Based on this framework and by using Entropy Method,the paper then selected 10 sample countries,including China,six developed countries,and other three developing countries,and made a comprehensive comparison evaluation for those countries.Finally,by focusing on China's results of ranking 10 in institution,6 in enforcement,5 in performance and 8 in total ranking,the paper gave the explanation and presented improvement suggestions for the future ICT regulation in China.

Application of graphene vertical field effect to regulation of organic light-emitting transistors

The luminescence intensity regulation of organic light-emitting transistor(OLED)device can be achieved effectively by the combination of graphene vertical field effect transistor(GVFET)and OLED.In this paper,we fabricate and characterize the graphene vertical field-effect transistor with gate dielectric of ion-gel film,confirming that its current switching ratio reaches up to 102.Because of the property of high light transmittance in ion-gel film,the OLED device prepared with graphene/PEDOT:PSS as composite anode exhibits good optical properties.We also prepare the graphene vertical organic light-emitting field effect transistor(GVOLEFET)by the combination of GVFET and graphene OLED,analyzing its electrical and optical properties,and confirming that the luminescence intensity can be significantly changed by regulating the gate voltage.

Ecological Effects Measures and Regulation of Tourism Island

With the sustainable development of tourism in China, the phenomenon of ecological islanding in tourist attractions gradually becomes prominent, affecting the sustainable development of landscape and ecological environment in scenic spots. Tourist attractions are influenced by spatial location, resource characteristics and ecology, environmental protection and other factors. The appeals of government, tourism enterprises, developers and community villagers in the aspect of landscape and ecology are different in the development process of tourism, leading to different degrees, frequencies and scopes of tourism ecological islanding with prominent conflicts. This is a typical problem in the development stage of tourist attractions in China. Taking six scenic spots in Puzhehei as examples, the values of tourism ecological islanding were measured scientifically, and a anti-planning regulatory mechanism against tourism ecological islanding was established in this paper to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist attractions and ecological environment.

Magnetoelectric coupling effect of polarization regulation in BiFeO_(3)/LaTiO_(3)heterostructures

An effective regulation of the magnetism and interface of ferromagnetic materials is not only of great scientific significance,but also has an urgent need in modern industry.In this work,by using the first-principles calculations,we demonstrate an effective approach to achieve non-volatile electrical control of ferromagnets,which proves this idea in multiferroic heterostructures of ferromagnetic La TiO_(3)and ferroelectric Bi FeO_(3).The results show that the magnetic properties and two-dimensional electron gas concentrations of La TiO_(3)films can be controlled by changing the polarization directions of Bi FeO_(3).The destroyed symmetry being introduced by ferroelectric polarization of the system leads to the transfer and reconstruction of the Ti-3 d electrons,which is the fundamental reason for the changing of magnetic properties.This multiferroic heterostructures will pave the way for non-volatile electrical control of ferromagnets and have potential applications.

Does New Regulation Points to an Effective Use of Strategic Environmental Assessment? Lessons from Democratic Republic of Congo

To date, an important debate regarding the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in policy and plan-making seems to focus on whether to reform or develop SEA regulations. Despite the well-established theoretic relevance of legislation, there is only little empiric evidence, moreover in developing countries. This paper aims to verify the contributions of new regulations to a proper use of SEA, based on the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both the SEA practice previously to the legislation reform and the newly introduced SEA system established by the new regulation were characterized. The new regulation was verified against the previous practice of SEA within the country and the compliance with international performance criteria. The outcomes suggest that the overall quality of SEA documentation is still in need of major improvements. Gaps include alternatives development and impacts monitoring. The biggest performance limitations of the new regulation are related to the length of SEA processes, public consultation, SEA information to provide, and alternatives to consider. Finally, it is suggested that regulation reform or straightforward adoption might not be enough to support an effective use of SEA.

Effect of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (养精种玉汤) on MatrixMetalloproteinase-9 Expression in Endometrium and SexHormone Regulation in Women with Cryptogenic Infertility

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yangjing Zhongyu decoction (YZD, 养精种玉汤) on metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) expression and sex hormone regulation in mid-luteal phase endometrium of women with cryptogenic infertility. Methods: Twenty-two infertile women were treated with YZD for 30 days successively. During the mid-luteal phase, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA, and radioimmunoassay was used to determine levels of serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) synchronously. Results: After treatment, the mid-luteal serum E2 and P level were 451. 501 ± 226. 342 pmol/L and 46. 502 ± 19. 948 nmol/L respectively, significantly higher than that before treatment (304.656 ± 135.853 pmol/L and 33. 782 ± 15. 459 nmol/L respectively) , the difference was significant ( P < 0. 01). Staining of MMP-9 mRNA positive granules in cytoplasm and nuclei of adeno-epithelial cell in mid-luteal phase endometrium deepened significantly, but the change in mesenchym was insignificant. The MMP-9 mRNA expression after treatment was 0.617 ± 0.186 (grey level), significantly higher than the level before treatment (0.490 ± 0. 370), comparison between them showed significant difference ( P < 0. 05 ) . Change of TIMP-1 mRNA expression in adeno-epithelial and mesenchym before and after treatment was insignificant (0. 588 ± 0. 191 vs 0. 621 ± 0. 146,P>0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that the quantitative difference of P level before and after treatment was positively correlated with the difference of MMP-9 mRNA before and after treatment (r=0. 682, P< 0.01). Conclusion: YZD could soothen Gan(肝) and nourish Shen(肾) , raise the level of mid-luteal phase serum P, and further promote MMP-9 gene expression in endometrium to benefit the degradation of extracellular matrix of endometrium, and facilitate for blastocyst implantation.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004 ;24 (4): 294

Effect of Mercuric Chloride and Cadmium Chloride on Gonadal Function and Its Regulation in SexuallyMature Common Carp Cyprinus carpio

Gonadal function in fish, CJprinus carpio was significantly affected by sublethal doses of mercuric chloride (HgCl2 ) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) in chronic (45 days ) exposure.Parameters investigated were nonesterified (NE) and esterified (E) cholestcrol of ovary,liver and serum and ovarian 3β-Hydroxysteroid and 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehyrogenaseenzyme activity and serum and pituitary gonadotropin (GtH) levels. Both the pollutantswere able to reduce the hypothalamic extract (HE) or gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) induced pituitary GtH release in vitro. Short term (96h) exposure of the fish tothe pollutants had no significant effect on the gonadal function. ln addition to thedeleterious effect of pollutants on the gonadal steroidogenesis and pituitary gonadotropin release, using [4-14C] cholesterol as a tracer it was found that for 45 days expeure, HgCl2'had an adverse effect on the transport of cholesterol from circulation to ovary.

Study on the Operation Mechanism and Effect of the Yellow River Water and Sediment Regulation System

In order to scientifically deal with the problems of less water and more sediment in the Yellow River and the uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment,it is necessary to establish a perfect water and sediment regulation system.Through the calculation of the sediment transport capacity of the Yellow River and the application of the water and sediment regulation system,it is found that the sediment transport efficiency of the Yellow River will increase with the increase of water flow,and there will be an obvious inflection point near the flat discharge.The joint regulation of the backbone reservoir group can discharge the large discharge close to the minimum flat discharge of the downstream river,which improves the sediment transport capacity of the river and alleviates the problem of sediment deposition.In this paper,through the introduction of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation project system,regulation indicators and mechanisms,the author discusses in detail the Yellow River water and sediment regulation scheme and its operation effect,hoping to provide help promote the improvement of the Yellow River governance effect.

Research Progress of Anti-tumor Effects of Curcuma zedoaria and its Active Ingredients Through Immune Regulation Mechanism

The continuous increase in the incidence rate of various fatal malignant tumors in the recent years warrants an imperative search for medications or drugs with obvious anti-tumor eflects and reliable curative effects.Previous studies have found that Curcuma zedoaria and its active ingredients,such as turmeric oil,curcumol,and P-elemene,have obvious antitumor effects,and they do not have the adverse reactions and side effects seen in the anti-tumor drugs of Western medicine.Based on the review and inductive analysis of related literature,we summarize in the present article the results of some researchers who investigated the anti-tumor effects of Curcuma zedoaria and its active ingredients through the immune regulation mechanism.

Asymmetric Regulation System Fit for Chinese Telecom Market

After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chinese telecom market.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Metabolic-epigenetic nexus in regulation of stem cell fate

Stem cell fate determination is one of the central questions in stem cell biology,and although its regulation has been studied at genomic and proteomic levels,a variety of biological activities in cells occur at the metabolic level.Metabolomics studies have established the metabolome during stem cell differentiation and have revealed the role of metabolites in stem cell fate determination.While metabolism is considered to play a biological regulatory role as an energy source,recent studies have suggested the nexus between metabolism and epigenetics because several metabolites function as cofactors and substrates in epigenetic mechanisms,including histone modification,DNA methylation,and microRNAs.Additionally,the epigenetic modification is sensitive to the dynamic metabolites and consequently leads to changes in transcription.The nexus between metabolism and epigenetics proposes a novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategy through manipulating metabolites.In the present review,we summarize the possible nexus between metabolic and epigenetic regulation in stem cell fate determination,and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic strategies via targeting metabolites.

Impact of environmental regulations on the efficient control of industrial pollution in China

The continuous progress of industrialization is a fundamental cause of China’s increasingly severe environmental pollution problem.Improving the efficiency of industrial pollution control is an inevitable choice to effectively decrease pollution emissions,thus winning the battle of pollution prevention and control.In this paper,we used the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model to measure the provincial efficiency of industrial pollution control based on the input and output data of industrial pollution control of 29 administrative provinces in China from 2000 to 2017.On this basis,a spatial econometric model was used to explore the influence of environmental regulation intensity on the efficiency of industrial pollution control.In addition,the spatial spillover effect of pollution reduction was thoroughly examined.The results show that:(1)The efficiency of industrial pollution control in China has improved year by year,but the overall efficiency is still low,with the average value increasing from 0.165 in 2000 to 0.309 in 2017.Furthermore,there is significant regional heterogeneity with the highest efficiency level in the east and lowest efficiency level in the west.(2)By increasing the financial and material input,the efficiency of industrial pollution control has increased.However,the increase of human input has not been so helpful.(3)The global Moran’s I index is significantly greater than zero,indicating a strong spatial correlation and agglomeration in the efficiency of industrial pollution control,which is reflected in high-high agglomeration in the eastern region and low-low agglomeration in the western region.(4)Stringent environmental regulation has a positive effect on improving the efficiency of industrial pollution control.It also imposes a positive spatial spillover effect,indicating a strategic interaction and coordination of regional pollution control.In line with this,related proposals have been made to optimize the investment structure for environmental pollution control,establish a flow mechanism for the factor market,and strengthen the environmental responsibility awareness of state-owned enterprises.On this basis,we expect to provide a policy for improving the efficiency of industrial pollution control and promoting regional joint pollution control in China.

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML),and which structure determines the long-term mechanism.Based on the panel data from 2001 to 2015,with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission mechanism.The results show that,there is a 'U' type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and GML.The direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and promotion.There is a 'U' type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the GML.The technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI,while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption structure.There is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area,and the CAC is not significantly.Meanwhile,both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.

Motor Control Network Effective Connectivity in Regulating Muscle Force Output

Objective of the study: This study aimed at characterizing output features of the higher-order motor control centers (hoMCCs), including secondary (premotor cortex [Pre] and supplementary motor area [SMA]) and association (prefrontal cortex [PFC]) motor regions to the primary motor cortex (M1) during graded force tasks. It is well known that one of the major roles of the primary motor cortex (M1) is controlling motor output such as muscle force. However, it is unclear how the hoMCCs interact with M1 in regulating voluntary muscle contractions. Methods: fMRI data was acquired during graded force tasks and fMRI-based effective connectivity (EC) and muscle force analyses were performed to study the relationship between hoMCCs-M1 effective connectivity and voluntarily exerted handgrip force. Results: The results show that there is a consistent information flow from the hoMCCs to M1 under all force conditions, suggesting a hierarchical control mechanism in the brain in regulating voluntary muscle force. Only the premotor cortex exhibited a significant role in mediating the level of force production through its EC with M1 but that role diminished when the exerted force was high, suggesting perhaps a ceiling and/or fatigue effect on the EC. A flip in the direction of EC from the primary sensory cortex (S1) to the hoMCCs (PFC, SMA, and Pre) at lower force levels while at higher forces EC was observed from the hoMCCs to S1. Conclusion: The hoMCCs regulate M1 output to produce desired voluntary muscle force. Only the Pre-to-M1 connectivity strength directly correlates with the force level especially from low to moderate levels. The hoMCCs are involved in modulating higher force production likely by strengthening M1 output and downgrading inhibition from S1 to M1.

Ammonia Emissions in EuropemCosts, Regulation and Targets with Focus on Denmark

The NEC （National Emission Ceiling） directive has set targets for the 2010 ammonia emissions from a number of European countries. The target will be reached by most EU-countries and the total emission for EU-27 has been reduced by 22% from 1990 to 2007. Denmark is one of the countries with the largest reductions since 1990 and the article aims at the measures and costs involved. The conclusion is that the costs have been under 3ε per kg NH3-N. Measures in several countries are under 5ε per kg NH3-N, which is a likely minimum for the benefits of reducing NH3-N. The findings suggest that the same measures might be cheaper in the Netherlands and Denmark than in the UK and the USA due to technology advances and stricter regulations in the past. The new Danish application procedure, when increasing the animal production, has tried to make the acceptance procedure quicker and dynamic ensuring that new technology is adopted quicker and that the farm has the right location. It is concluded that the new application process so far has not lived up to the high expectations at the outset. Despite this, the paper concludes that Denmark is likely to reduce emission by 50% from 1990 to 2020 and reach the likely 2020 NEC ceiling.