Dynamic corner frequency in source spectral model for stochastic synthesis of ground motion

The static comer frequency and dynamic comer frequency in stochastic synthesis of ground motion from fi- nite-fault modeling are introduced, and conceptual disadvantages of the two are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the non-uniform radiation of seismic wave on the fault plane, as well as the trend of the larger rupture area, the lower comer frequency, can be described by the source spectral model developed by the authors. A new dynamic comer frequency can be developed directly from the model. The dependence of ground motion on the size of subfault can be eliminated if this source spectral model is adopted in the synthesis. Finally, the approach presented is validated from the comparison between the synthesized and observed ground motions at six rock stations during the Northridge earthquake in 1994.

Dynamic quasi-continuum model for plate-type nano-materials and analysis of fundamental frequency

A dynamic quasi-continuum model is presented to analyze free vibration of plate-type cubic crystal nano-materials.According to the Hamilton principle,fundamental governing equations in terms of displacement components and angles of rotations are given.As an application of the model,the cylindrical bending deformation of the structure fixed at two ends is analyzed,and a theoretical formula evaluating the fundamental frequency is obtained by using Galerkin's method.Meanwhile,the solution for the classical continuous plate model is also derived,and the size-dependent elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio are taken in computation.The frequencies corresponding to different atomic layers are numerically presented for the plate-type NaC l nano-materials.Furthermore,a molecular dynamics(MD)simulation is conducted with the code LAMMPS.The comparison shows that the present quasi-continuum model is valid,and it may be used as an alternative model,which reflects scale effects in analyzing dynamic behaviors of such plate-type nano-materials.

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT DECOMPOSITION BASED FINITE ELEMENT MODEL UPDATING FOR STRAIN-RATE-DEPENDENCE NONLINEAR DYNAMIC PROBLEMS

Thin wail component is utilized to absorb impact energy of a structure. However, the dynamic behavior of such thin-walled structure is highly non-linear with material, geometry and boundary non-linearity. A model updating and validation procedure is proposed to build accurate finite element model of a frame structure with a non-linear thin-walled component for dynamic analysis. Design of experiments （DOE） and principal component decomposition （PCD） approach are applied to extract dynamic feature from nonlinear impact response for correlation of impact test result and FE model of the non-linear structure. A strain-rate-dependent non-linear model updating method is then developed to build accurate FE model of the structure. Computer simulation and a real frame structure with a highly non-linear thin-walled component are employed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Method of Dynamic VaR and CVaR Risk Measures Forecasting for Long Range Dependent Time Series on the Base of the Heteroscedastic Model

The paper proposes a new method of dynamic VaR and CVaR risk measures forecasting. The method is designed for obtaining the forecast estimates of risk measures for volatile time series with long range dependence. The method is based on the heteroskedastic time series model. The FIGARCH model is used for volatility modeling and forecasting. The model is reduced to the AR model of infinite order. The reduced system of Yule-Walker equations is solved to find the autoregression coefficients. The regression equation for the autocorrelation function based on the definition of a long-range dependence is used to get the autocorrelation estimates. An optimization procedure is proposed to specify the estimates of autocorrelation coefficients. The procedure for obtaining of the forecast values of dynamic risk measures VaR and CVaR is formalized as a multi-step algorithm. The algorithm includes the following steps: autoregression forecasting, innovation highlighting, obtaining of the assessments for static risk measures for residuals of the model, forming of the final forecast using the proposed formulas, quality analysis of the results. The proposed method is applied to the time series of the index of the Tokyo stock exchange. The quality analysis using various tests is conducted and confirmed the high quality of the obtained estimates.

Dynamic Modeling and Eigenvalue Evaluation of a 3-DOF PKM Module

Due to the structural complexity, the dynamic modeling and quick performance evaluation for the parallel kinematic machines （PKMs） are still to be remained as two challenges in the stage of conceptual design. By using the finite element method and substructure synthesis, this paper mainly deals with the dynamic modeling and eigenvalue evaluation of a novel 3-DOF spindle head named the A3 head. The topological architecture behind the proposed A3 head is a 3-RPS parallel mechanism, which possesses one translational and two rotational capabilities. The mechanical features of the A3 head are briefly addressed in the first place followed by inverse position analysis. In the dynamic modeling, the platform is treated as a rigid body, the RPS limbs as the continuous uniform beams and the joints as lumped virtual springs. With the combination of substructure synthesis and finite element method, an analytical approach is then proposed to formulate the governing equations of motion of system using the compatibility conditions at interface between the limbs and the platform. Consequently, by solving the eigenvalue problem of the governing equations of motion, the distribution of lower natural frequencies of the A3 head throughout the entire workspace can be predicted in a quick manner. Modal analysis for the A3 head reveals that the distributions of lower natural frequencies are strongly related to the mechanism configuration and are axially symmetric due to system kinematic and structural features. The sensitivity analysis of the system indicates that the dimensional parameters of the 3-RPS mechanism have a slight effect on system lower natural frequencies while the joint compliances affect the distributions of lower natural frequencies significantly. The proposed dynamic modeling method can also be applied to other PKMs and can effectively evaluate the PKM＇s dynamic performance throughout the entire workspace.

Mathematical modeling for dynamic stability of sandwich beam with variable mechanical properties of core

The paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of static and dynamic stability of a simply supported three-layered beam with a metal foam core. Mechanical properties of the core vary along the vertical direction. The field of displacements is for- mulated using the classical broken line hypothesis and the proposed nonlinear hypothesis that generalizes the classical one. Using both hypotheses, the strains are determined as well as the stresses of each layer. The kinetic energy, the elastic strain energy, and the work of load are also determined. The system of equations of motion is derived using Hamilton＇s principle. Finally, the system of three equations is reduced to one equation of motion, in particular, the Mathieu equation. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to solve the system of equations of motion, and the Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the second-order differential equation. Numerical calculations are done for the chosen family of beams. The critical loads, unstable regions, angular frequencies of the beam, and the static and dynamic equilibrium paths are calculated analytically and verified numerically. The results of this study are presented in the forms of figures and tables.

Improved frequency modeling and solution for parallel liquid-filled pipes considering both fluid-structure interaction and structural coupling

The dynamic characteristics of a single liquid-filled pipe have been broadly studied in the previous literature.The parallel liquid-filled pipe(PLFP)system is also widely used in engineering,and its structure is more complex than that of a single pipe.However,there are few reports about the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs.Therefore,this paper proposes improved frequency modeling and solution for the PLFPs,involving the logical alignment principle and coupled matrix processing.The established model incorporates both the fluid-structure interaction(FSI)and the structural coupling of the PLFPs.The validity of the established model is verified by modal experiments.The effects of some unique parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PLFPs are discussed.This work provides a feasible method for solving the FSI of multiple pipes in parallel and potential theoretical guidance for the dynamic analysis of the PLFPs in engineering.

Model Predictive Controller Design for the Dynamic Positioning System of a Semi-submersible Platform

这篇论文研究怎么使用先进控制技术为预兆的控制(MPC ) 建模到一个半能沉入水中的平台的动态放系统(DPS ) 的设计。首先，有自由的三度的一个线性低频率的运动模型在一个半能沉入水中的平台的上下文被建立。第二，一个模型预兆的控制器基于考虑了系统的限制的一个模型被设计。第三，模拟被执行表明控制器的可行性。结果表演模型预兆的控制器有好性能并且擅长处理系统的限制。

Capital mobility in Latin American and Caribbean countries: new evidence from dynamic common correlated effects panel data modeling

This study investigates the degree of capital mobility in a panel of 16 Latin American and 4 Caribbean countries during 1960 to 2017 against the backdrop of the Feldstein-Horioka hypothesis by applying recent panel data techniques.This is the first study on capital mobility in Latin American and Caribbean countries to employ the recently developed panel data procedure of the dynamic common correlated effects modeling technique of Chudik and Pesaran(J Econ 188:393–420,2015)and the error-correction testing of Gengenbach,Urbain,and Westerlund(Panel error correction testing with global stochastic trends,2008,J Appl Econ 31:982–1004,2016).These approaches address the serious panel data econometric issues of crosssection dependence,slope heterogeneity,nonstationarity,and endogeneity in a multifactor error-structure framework.The empirical findings of this study reveal a low average(mean)savings–retention coefficient for the panel as a whole and for most individual countries,as well as indicating a cointegration relationship between saving and investment ratios.The results indicate that there is a relatively high degree of capital mobility in the Latin American and Caribbean countries in the short run,while the long-run solvency condition is maintained,which is due to reduced frictions in goods and services markets causing increase competition.Increased capital mobility in these countries can promote economic growth and hasten the process of globalization by creating a conducive economic environment for FDI in these countries.

Model of Universe as Described by Dynamic Universe Model

In this paper we will see the model of Universe according to Dynamic Universe Model of Cosmology by visualizing various processes that are happening in the Universe as per experimental evidences. For simplifying the matter here, we will see in part 1: about the Galaxy life cycle, where the birth and death of Galaxies discussed. Probably Universe gives guidance for the movement of Galaxies. We call this Part 1: Thinking and Reproducing Universe or Mindless Universe? (Galaxy life cycle). We see every day Sun, Stars, Galaxies etc., dissipating enormous energy in the form of radiation by the way of fusion of Hydrogen to helium. So after sometime all the Hydrogen is spent and Universe will die, is it not? … Dynamic Universe Model says that the energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation passing grazingly near any gravitating mass changes in frequency and finally will convert into neutrinos (mass). Hence Dynamic Universe Model proposes another process where energy will be converted back into matter and the cycle energy to mass to energy continues, sustaining the Universe to maintain this present status for ever in this form something like a Steady state model without any expansion. This we will see in Part 2: Energy - Mass - Energy Cycle. After converting energy into mass “how various elements are formed and where they are formed?” will be next logical question. Dynamic Universe Model says that these various particles change into higher massive particles or may get bombarded into stars or planets and various elements are formed. Here we bifurcate the formation of elements into 6 processes. They are for Elementary particles and elements generated in frequency changing process, By Cosmic rays, By Small stars, By Large Stars, By Super Novae and Manmade elements By Neutron Stars. This we will discuss in Part 3: Nucleosynthesis.

On Frequency Sensitivity and Mode Orthogonality of Flexible Robotic Manipulators

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of vibration frequencies of flexible manipulators with respect to variations of systems parameters such as rotational inertia of hub,and mass,moment,and side of tip load.Both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko dynamical models of flexible manipulators are discussed.By using variational method,sensitivity indices are obtained with explicit expressions for measuring the sensitivity of frequencies.Based on variational formulations,a novel method for deriving the orthogonal relations among vibration modal shape functions of flexible manipulators is introduced.With this method,the orthogonal relations can be derived easily without invoking the tedious process of differentiation and integration by part,as commonly used in their derivation.

Dynamic stiffness method for free vibration of an axially moving beam with generalized boundary conditions

Axially moving beams are often discussed with several classic boundary conditions, such as simply-supported ends, fixed ends, and free ends. Here, axially moving beams with generalized boundary conditions are discussed for the first time. The beam is supported by torsional springs and vertical springs at both ends. By modifying the stiffness of the springs, generalized boundaries can replace those classical boundaries. Dynamic stiffness matrices are, respectively, established for axially moving Timoshenko beams and Euler-Bernoulli (EB) beams with generalized boundaries. In order to verify the applicability of the EB model, the natural frequencies of the axially moving Timoshenko beam and EB beam are compared. Furthermore, the effects of constrained spring stiffness on the vibration frequencies of the axially moving beam are studied. Interestingly, it can be found that the critical speed of the axially moving beam does not change with the vertical spring stiffness. In addition, both the moving speed and elastic boundaries make the Timoshenko beam theory more needed. The validity of the dynamic stiffness method is demonstrated by using numerical simulation.

Dynamic Performance Investigation of A Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine Under Different Sea Conditions

Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses.

A frequency and amplitude dependent model of rail pads for the dynamic analysis of train-track interaction

A frequency and amplitude dependent model is used to describe the complex behavior of rail pads.It is implemented into the dynamic analysis of three dimensional coupled vehicle-slab track(3D-CVST)systems.The vehicle is treated as a 35-degreeof-freedom multi-body system,and the slab track is represented by two continuous Bernoulli-Euler beams supported by a series of elastic rectangle plates on a viscoelastic foundation.The rail pad model takes into account the influences of the excitation frequency and of the displacement amplitude through a fractional derivative element,and a nonlinear friction element,respectively.The Grünwald representation of the fractional derivatives is employed to numerically solve the fractional and nonlinear equations of motion of the 3D-CVST system by means of an explicit integration algorithm.A dynamic analysis of the3D-CVST system exposed to excitations of rail harmonic irregularities is primarily carried out,which reveals the dependence of stiffness and damping on excitation frequency and displacement amplitude.Subsequently,sensitive analyses of the model parameters are investigated by conducting the dynamic analysis of the 3D-CVST system subjected to excitations of welded rail joint irregularities.Following this,parameters of the rail pad model are optimized with respect to experimental values.For elucidation,the 3D-CVST dynamic model incorporated with the rail pads model is used to calculate the wheel/rail forces induced by excitations of measured random track irregularities.Further,the numerical results are compared with experimental data,demonstrating the reliability of the proposed model.

Study on the Dynamic Characteristic of Lathe Headstock

In order to provide reliable data for the dynamic design or modification of a tool machine,the dynamic character- istics of the headstock,which is the main component to bear moment,must be obtained precisely.In the paper,the method based on the combination of calculation mode and experiment mode is proposed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the headstock.The modal parameters and the mode shapes are calculated by ANSYS7.1 software.According to the FEM calculating results,the ex- periment parameters can be selected correctly.The modal parameters of the headstock have to be calculated and identified precisely. On the basis of these modal parameters,the faults of the headstock are shown and its weak points of design are illustrated.A con- clusion is drawn that some reasonable reinforce positions could greatly improve the dynamic characteristics of the system and this ap- proach is proved to be precise and reliable.

Study on conveyor natural frequency and time intervalfor switching off resistances

A conveyor belt driven by wound rotor motors produces dynamic tension, velocity and accelerationduring starting. The terrible situation (such as resonance) in dynamic analysis and design is that system naturalfrequencies are equal to those for switching off electric resistances. This paper analyzes and determines systemnatural frequencies based on a modeling method of receptances with the analysis of sub-systems model and of theprinciple of their addition and conveyor loop closure. It also puts forward to calculate the time interval for switching off electric resistances. The starting of one conveyor is simulated by lumped-mass-spring-model software tofurther illustrate the influence of time interval for switching off electric resistances on conveyor dynamic behavior. Two methods are also compared. The receptance model is proved to be an excellent alternative.

Static and Dynamic Pull-In Instability of Nano-Beams Resting on Elastic Foundation Based on the Nonlocal Elasticity Theory

This paper provides the static and dynamic pullin behavior of nano-beams resting on the elastic foundation based on the nonlocal theory which is able to capture the size effects for structures in micron and sub-micron scales. For this purpose, the governing equation of motion and the boundary conditions are driven using a variational approach. This formulation includes the influences of fringing field and intermolecular forces such as Casimir and van der Waals forces. The differential quadrature （DQ） method is employed as a high-order approximation to discretize the governing nonlinear differential equation, yielding more accurate results with a Considerably smaller number of grid points. In addition, a powerful analytical method called parameter expansion method （PEM） is utilized to compute the dynamic solution and frequency-amplitude relationship. It is illustrated that the first two terms in series expansions are sufficient to produce an acceptable solution of the mentioned structure. Finally, the effects of basic parameters on static and dynamic pull-in insta- bility and natural frequency are studied.

Study on Dynamics of Hypocycloid RV Reducer

The hypocycloid RV reducer is a new type of rotor vector(RV) reducer based on the principle of internal cycloidal planetary transmission. The reducer has a compact and hollow structure. First of all, the component composition, special structure and transmission principle are analyzed. Then, the three-dimension dynamic model for the hypocycloid RV reducer was simulated. Through reasonable assumptions, the dynamic environment was defined, the dynamic model was simplified, and the kinetic equations were listed. The torsional stiffness of the shaft component is calculated, and the meshing rigidity of the cycloidal gear and the needle tooth is calculated. Finally, by using MATLAB software to solve the dynamic equations, combined with the actual parameters of the hypocycloid RV reducer, through the solving equation to obtain the natural frequency of the system, which laid the foundation for the design and research of the following hypocycloid RV reducer.

Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclones and Storms over the Southwestern Indian Ocean Region Using the Generalized Linear Models

Tropical cyclones (TCs) and storms (TSs) are among the devastating events in the world and southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) in particular. The seasonal forecasting TCs and TSs for December to March (DJFM) and November to May (NM) over SWIO were conducted. Dynamic parameters including vertical wind shear, mean zonal steering wind and vorticity at 850 mb were derived from NOAA (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis 1 wind fields. Thermodynamic parameters including monthly and daily mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and equatorial Standard Oscillation Index (SOI) were used. Three types of Poison regression models (i.e. dynamic, thermodynamic and combined models) were developed and validated using the Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV). Moreover, 2 × 2 square matrix contingency tables for model verification were used. The results revealed that, the observed and cross validated DJFM and NM TCs and TSs strongly correlated with each other (p ≤ 0.02) for all model types, with correlations (r) ranging from 0.62 - 0.86 for TCs and 0.52 - 0.87 for TSs, indicating great association between these variables. Assessment of the model skill for all model types of DJFM and NM TCs and TSs frequency revealed high skill scores ranging from 38% - 70% for TCs and 26% - 72% for TSs frequency, respectively. Moreover, results indicated that the dynamic and combined models had higher skill scores than the thermodynamic models. The DJFM and NM selected predictors explained the TCs and TSs variability by the range of 0.45 - 0.65 and 0.37 - 0.66, respectively. However, verification analysis revealed that all models were adequate for predicting the seasonal TCs and TSs, with high bias values ranging from 0.85 - 0.94. Conclusively, the study calls for more studies in TCs and TSs frequency and strengths for enhancing the performance of the March to May (MAM) and December to October (OND) seasonal rainfalls in the East African (EA) and Tanzania in particular.