Output only modal identification and structural damage detection using time frequency & wavelet techniques

The primary objective of this paper is to develop output only modal identification and structural damage detection. Identification of multi-degree of freedom （MDOF） linear time invariant （LTI） and linear time variant （LTV--due to damage） systems based on Time-frequency （TF） techniques--such as short-time Fourier transform （STFT）, empirical mode decomposition （EMD）, and wavelets--is proposed. STFT, EMD, and wavelet methods developed to date are reviewed in detail. In addition a Hilbert transform （HT） approach to determine frequency and damping is also presented. In this paper, STFT, EMD, HT and wavelet techniques are developed for decomposition of free vibration response of MDOF systems into their modal components. Once the modal components are obtained, each one is processed using Hilbert transform to obtain the modal frequency and damping ratios. In addition, the ratio of modal components at different degrees of freedom facilitate determination of mode shape. In cases with output only modal identification using ambient/random response, the random decrement technique is used to obtain free vibration response. The advantage of TF techniques is that they arc signal based; hence, can be used for output only modal identification. A three degree of freedom 1：10 scale model test structure is used to validate the proposed output only modal identification techniques based on STFT, EMD, HT, wavelets. Both measured free vibration and forced vibration （white noise） response are considered. The secondary objective of this paper is to show the relative ease with which the TF techniques can be used for modal identification and their potential for real world applications where output only identification is essential. Recorded ambient vibration data processed using techniques such as the random decrement technique can be used to obtain the free vibration response, so that further processing using TF based modal identification can be performed.

Frequency response range of terahertz pulse coherent detection based on THz-induced time-resolved luminescence quenching

It has been proposed previously that the coherent detection of a terahertz（THz） pulse can be achieved based on the time-resolved luminescence quenching. In this paper, we investigate the frequency response range of this novel detection technology by simulating the motion of carriers in gallium arsenide（GaAs） by the ensemble Monte Carlo method. At room temperature, for a direct-current（DC） voltage of 20 kV/cm applied to the semiconductor（GaAs） and sampling time o140 fs, the luminescence quenching phenomena induced by terahertz pulses with different center frequencies are studied The results show that the quenching efficiency is independent of the THz frequency when the frequency is in a range o0.1 THz–4 THz. However, when the frequency exceeds 4 THz, the efficiency decreases with the increase of frequency Therefore, the frequency response range is 0.1 THz–4 THz. Moreover, when the sampling time is changed to 100 fs the frequency response range is extended to be approximately 0.1 THz–5.6 THz. This study of the frequency-dependen characteristics of the luminescence response to the THz pulse can provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of THz detection technology.

Uncertainty analysis of strain modal parameters by Bayesian method using frequency response function

Structural strain modes are able to detect changes in local structural performance, but errors are inevitably intermixed in the measured data. In this paper, strain modal parameters are considered as random variables, and their uncertainty is analyzed by a Bayesian method based on the structural frequency response function （FRF）. The estimates of strain modal parameters with maximal posterior probability are determined. Several independent measurements of the FRF of a four-story reinforced concrete flame structural model were performed in the laboratory. The ability to identify the stiffness change in a concrete column using the strain mode was verified. It is shown that the uncertainty of the natural frequency is very small. Compared with the displacement mode shape, the variations of strain mode shapes at each point are quite different. The damping ratios are more affected by the types of test systems. Except for the case where a high order strain mode does not identify local damage, the first order strain mode can provide an exact indication of the damage location.

Damage Detection in Reinforced Concrete Berthing Jetty Using a Plasticity Model Approach

A conventional method of damage modeling by a reduction in stiffness is insufficient to model the complex non-linear damage characteristics of concrete material accurately.In this research,the concrete damage plasticity constitutive model is used to develop the numerical model of a deck beam on a berthing jetty in the Abaqus finite element package.The model constitutes a solid section of 3D hexahedral brick elements for concrete material embedded with 2D quadrilateral surface elements as reinforcements.The model was validated against experimental results of a beam of comparable dimensions in a cited literature.The validated beam model is then used in a three-point load test configuration to demonstrate its applicability for preliminary numerical evaluation of damage detection strategy in marine concrete structural health monitoring.The natural frequency was identified to detect the presence of damage and mode shape curvature was found sensitive to the location of damage.

Improved Active Islanding Detection Technique for Multi-Inverter Power System

Due to the increased penetration of multi-inverter distributed generation(DG)systems,different DG technologies,inverter control methods,and other inverter functions are challenging the capabilities of islanding detection.In addition,multi-inverter networks connecting the distribution system point of common coupling(PCC)create islanding at paralleling inverters,which adds the vulnerability of islanding detection.Furthermore,available islanding detection must overcome more challenges from non-detection zones(NDZs)under reduced power mismatches.Therefore,in this study,a new method called parameter self-adapting active islanding detection was utilized to minimize the dilution effect and reduce NDZs in multi-inverter power systems.The method utilizes an active frequency drift(AFD)method and applies a positive feedback gain of adoption parameters,which significantly minimizes NDZs at parallel inverters.The simulation and experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed method can effectively weaken the dilution effect in multi-inverter networks connecting the distribution system PCC.

FD－TD法分析频变煤质中基带脉冲波传播和散射

利用ＦＤ－ＴＤ法，分别计算了频变媒质中基带脉冲淡的传播和浅层地下目标的时域电磁散射问题。通过Ｚ－变换技术，推出了媒质的介电常数εｒ＜（ω）和导磁率μｒ（ω）同时用Ｄｅｂｙｅ方程表示时ＦＤ－ＴＤ法的迭代公式，并给出了相应的吸收边界条件。通过将计算结果与其它结果相比较，证实了ＦＤ－ＴＤ法分析有托媒质中电磁场问题的有效性，并比较了吸收边界条件的吸收性能。对基带脉冲波在不同频变媒质中的传播特性进行了讨论。分别计算并给出了位于频变媒质中典型目标的时域散射波形和波形堆积图。

基于S-method的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测

针对传统时频方法在处理多分量雷达辐射源信号时存在交叉项,不能检测各分量信号时域参数,难以适应低信噪比环境的问题,提出一种基于S-method(SM)的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测新方法。该方法首先计算信号的SM时频分布,然后在时频面的基础上检测各信号分量的瞬时频率和脉冲起止时间。实验结果表明,该方法能处理线性及非线性调频信号、时频分辨率高且不受交叉项干扰,时域检测精度大于98.60%,频域检测精度大于99.48%,信噪比降低时仍然保持强检测能力。

FD法和故障树法在高压直流输电系统可靠性评估中的比较分析

详细比较了高压直流输电系统可靠性评估中常用的频率和持续时间(FD)法和故障树法,分别给出了各自的优缺点。在子系统划分的基础上分别建立各子系统的状态空间图和故障树图,并加以层层组合,得到整个直流输电系统的状态空间模型和故障树模型。分别采用FD法和故障树法对一单12脉接线高压直流输电系统进行了算例对比分析,计算的可靠性指标包括双极运行、单极停运、双极停运对应的概率、频率、平均持续时间等。

FAST CONVERGENT MONTE CARLO RECEIVER FOR OFDM SYSTEMS

The paper investigates the problem of the design of an optimal Orthogonal Fre- quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receiver against unknown frequency selective fading. A fast convergent Monte Carlo receiver is proposed. In the proposed method, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are employed for the blind Bayesian detection without channel es- timation. Meanwhile, with the exploitation of the characteristics of OFDM systems, two methods are employed to improve the convergence rate and enhance the efficiency of MCMC algorithms. One is the integration of the posterior distribution function with respect to the associated channel parameters, which is involved in the derivation of the objective distribution function; the other is the intra-symbol differential coding for the elimination of the bimodality problem resulting from the presence of unknown fading channels. Moreover, no matrix inversion is needed with the use of the orthogonality property of OFDM modulation and hence the computational load is significantly reduced. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the fast convergent Monte Carlo receiver.

Detecting Damage in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Vibrational Characteristics

This paper evaluates two methods of diagnosing damage, Natural frequency and Stiffness-Frequency change-Based damage detection method in reinforced concrete beams under load using vibration characteristics such as natural frequency and mode shape. The research uses finite element method with crack damage instead of deleting or reducing the bearing capacity of the element like in previous studies. First, a theory of the damage diagnosis method based on the change of natural frequency and mode shape is presented. Next, the simulation results of reinforced concrete beams using ANSYS will be compared with the experiment. Particularly, the investigated damage cases are cracks in reinforced concrete beams under loads. Finally, we will evaluate the accuracy of the damage diagnosis methods and suggest the location of the vibration data and specify the failure threshold of the methods.

变压器油纸绝缘状态的FDS法测试及特征量分析

为达到确定变压器内绝缘频域参数与特征参量之间关系的目的,对油浸式电力变压器油纸绝缘系统开展频域测试。在不同温度时对样品进行热老化处理。另外,对样品开展频域介电谱(FDS)测试法研究,设定模型参数,拟合得出其与老化时间、试验温度的关系。研究结果表明,在老化时间和试验温度发生改变时,FDS参数tanδ和ε′在高低频率范围均表现为逐渐减小,达到拐点后缓慢上升,且拐点缓慢平移至高频区域;提取Davidson-Cole模型参量β、Δε、τ,通过拟合,得到模型参量和老化时间、试验温度之间的函数关系。该研究为变压器油纸绝缘老化水平的评估提供新的方向。

综合物探方法在碎屑岩地区找水中的应用——以云南宣威大路边村为例

为探索地球物理方法在碎屑地区找水应用的有效性,文章以云南宣威大路边村为研究对象,选取高密度电阻率法、联合剖面法、音频大地电磁法对碎屑岩层进行找水研究。结果表明:三叠系上统飞仙关组(T1f)碎屑岩富水性中等,含水性较均匀;受地面场地狭窄限制,高密度电法及联合剖面法测线长度有限,探测深度较浅,受碎屑岩电阻率小的影响,其找水应用效果不佳,在可探测的深度范围内较难识别基岩裂隙等找水有效异常,需结合其他物探方法甄别异常;音频大地电磁法找水应用效果相对较好,具有较高的横向分辨率,可有效识别碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带及构造裂隙带,表现为相对低阻异常特征;视电阻率单支测深曲线能有效分辨不同深度的岩土层结构,具有较高的纵向分辨率,对裂隙破碎带有较好指示意义。在地面场地较为狭窄的碎屑岩地区开展找水工作,音频大地电磁法结合视电阻单支测深曲线能取得较好效果,以音频大地电磁法确定碎屑岩地区中的裂隙发育带位置,以视电阻单支测深曲线确定裂隙发育带的深度。

基于四电极多频率扫描的生物阻抗法人体成分测试仪设计

生物阻抗包含丰富的人体病理和生理电信号,可以作为医务人员准确判断病人症状和治疗疾病的主要依据。基于此,提出一种基于Cole-Cole理论的人体多种参数测量系统。构建人体阻抗模型,通过碳纳米材料电极对人体阻抗进行采集分析,得到人体的各种成分参数。通过信号发生电路产生注入人体的低频信号,利用幅度检测电路检测流经人体电流产生的电压,采用分段检测法测得人体不同分段的阻抗信息;信号经放大电路输入RT1052微处理器,对数据和人体成分参数相关性进行分析,得到人体各种成分参数并显示测量结果。通过对系统进行测试分析,得出所设计系统能够准确地对人体蛋白质、脂肪等参数进行测量,误差范围可以控制在5%以内,具有很好的应用前景。

内置式永磁同步电机无感复合控制策略研究

为了解决内置式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统中采用单一控制算法无法实现全速度范围内理想控制效果的问题,提出了一种改进型复合控制策略。在低速运行时,采用脉振高频注入法,解决了转子初始位置检测问题。通过二阶广义积分器代替带通滤波器,提高了系统的速度响应。在高速运行时,采用龙伯格观测器。同时,为了解决两种控制算法的切换问题,提出了基于改进粒子群算法的线性加权平均切换方法。仿真结果表明:在初始角度θ=2.5 rad的情况下,该策略能使电机运行在全速度范围内、转速误差范围控制在[-8 r/min,+5 r/min],且转子角度波动较小。该研究对机械制造与航天、航空领域具有实际指导意义。

直埋热水供热管道泄漏定位检测实验研究

选用傅里叶滤波法和小波阈值法进行了管道泄漏信号降噪和泄漏定位的对比研究。在DN300管路的实验直埋热水供热系统上进行了泄漏检测实验,采用小管径支管和调节阀模拟泄漏点、加速度传感器测量声波振动信号,依次选用2种滤波方法对直埋热水供热管道泄漏的声波振动信号进行数据降噪处理,讨论了泄漏信号降噪前后的信号频域特征和定位精度。在北京市某小区直埋供热管道进行了声波降噪泄漏检测工程验证,定位偏差不超过1.0 m。研究表明,傅里叶滤波法和小波阈值法对直埋热水供热管道泄漏定位的声波振动信号降噪处理效果显著,小波阈值法保持了全频段的信号特征,可获得更高的定位精度。

基于Slepian序列信号字典的目标频段瞬态信号检测方法

提出一种基于Slepian序列信号字典的目标频段瞬态信号检测方法,该方法只关注目标频段的能量信息,是一种高效率的检测方式。首先,选取标准正交的Slepian序列组成信号字典,该字典能够表征目标频段内信号特征;然后,通过判断被观测信号样点与字典的匹配程度实现检测。对比实验表明,该方法的计算效率比短时傅里叶变换提升92%以上,比离散小波变换提升71%以上,比加窗Wigner-Ville分布提升35%以上。仿真实验使用时域稀疏的脉冲调制信号进行验证,结果表明了该检测方法的有效性。

基于电流检测误差补偿的嵌入式永磁同步电动机无位置传感器控制实验平台设计

对基于高频脉振电压注入法的无位置传感器控制策略而言,转速和转子位置的准确估计十分重要。在传统高频脉振电压注入法的基础上,针对电流检测误差问题,提出一种电流检测误差补偿方法。该方法在传统位置观测器的基础上,增加了参数自适应陷波器环节,通过实时参数修订,消除位置观测器中由电流检测误差引起的二次谐波,提高转速和转子位置估计的准确性。采用品质因数更高的二阶广义积分器提取高频电流,改善控制系统的动态性能。通过搭建实验平台验证了所提补偿方法的可行性。

基于XFEM的大体积结构波动传播规律及裂纹反演方法

大体积混凝土结构被广泛应用于土木、水利等领域的重大工程中,而混凝土抗拉强度低的力学特性决定了其易产生裂纹,因此,发展高效的检测方法,识别大体积混凝土结构中的裂纹信息十分必要.论文提出了一种新的方法,通过提取响应信号频谱中特定频率的幅值特征,基于BP人工神经网络建立幅值特征与裂纹信息间的映射关系,从而有效识别出裂纹信息.首先采用扩展有限元法(eXtended Finite Element Methods, XFEM)和人工吸收边界模型,分别模拟了单裂纹和双裂纹情形下,大量不同裂纹信息下特定位置传感器的响应,分析其频谱曲线并提取特征,建立频谱特征—裂尖位置数据集,以训练人工神经网络,测试集的反演效果显示,该方法具有较好的准确度,可有效识别出裂纹信息.

频率法及千斤顶法在钢桁架悬索桥病害检测中的应用

文中以某钢桁架悬索桥工程为例,对其病害情况进行详细分析,对比主缆、钢桁架加劲梁变形及重要构件锈蚀状况的检测数据,提出维护建议。通过数据比对,文中采用千斤顶法、频率法测量与修正吊杆索力水平,借助空间节点平衡理论获取不同主缆段索力值。结果表明,主缆与吊杆索力、主缆与主桁架的空间变形关系密切。