Gigahertz frequency hopping in an optical phase-locked loop for Raman lasers

Raman lasers are essential in atomic physics,and the development of portable devices has posed requirements for time-division multiplexing of Raman lasers.We demonstrate an innovative gigahertz frequency hopping approach of a slave Raman laser within an optical phase-locked loop(OPLL),which finds practical application in an atomic gravimeter,where the OPLL frequently switches between near-resonance lasers and significantly detuned Raman lasers.The method merges the advantages of rapid and extensive frequency hopping with the OPLL’s inherent low phase noise,and exhibits a versatile range of applications in compact laser systems,promising advancements in portable instruments.

Trifold Frequency Multiplier by using Triode for the Feedback System of BEPC Ⅱ

In BEPC Ⅱ(Upgrade of Beijing Electron-Position Collider),multi-bunches and high current operation mode is usually used.Due to the influence of high frequency cavity structure or resistance impedance,the beam will be unstable.If the beam is unstable,the luminosity and brightness of the accelerator will be decreased.In order to improve the beam current and brightness of accelerator and the collider luminosity,the beam feedback system is needed to suppress the instability.The trifold frequency multiplier by using triode is simple to operate,and it has good performance.In the experiments,the 500MHz signal was passed through the Triode Frequency Multiplier to get the 1.5GHz signal,and its output amplitude stability is 1.7mV,and its synchronization stability is 3.46ps compared with the 500MHz input signal.

A 5-GHz frequency synthesizer with constant bandwidth for low IF ZigBee transceiver applications

A fully integrated integer-N frequency synthesizer is implemented.The synthesizer is designed for low intermediate frequency （IF）ZigBee transceiver applications.Techniques used to make the loop bandwidth constant across the whole output frequency range of the voltage controlled oscillator（VCO）are adopted to maintain phase noise optimization and loop stability.In-phase and quadrature（IQ）signals are generated by a 1/2 frequency divider at the output of the VCO.The synthesizer is fabricated in 0.18 μm radio frequency（RF） complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistor （CMOS）technology.The chip area is 1.7 mm2.The synthesizer is measured on wafer.It consumes totally 28.8 mW excluding output buffers from a supply voltage of 1.8 V.The measured phase noise is -110 and -122 dBc/Hz at the offset of 1 and 3 MHz from a 2.405 GHz carrier,respectively.The measured reference spur at a 2 MHz offset from a 2.405 GHz carrier is-48.2 dBc.The measured setting time of the synthesizer is about 160 μs.

A 1-GHz Charge Pump PLL Frequency Synthesizer for IEEE 1394b PHY

The design procedure of an 1-GHz phase-locked loop （PLL）-based frequency synthesizer used in IEEE 1394b physical （PHY） system is presented in this paper. The PLL＇s loop dynamics are analyzed in depth and theoretical relationships between all loop parameters are clearly described. All the parameters are derived and verified by Verilog-A model, which ensures the accuracy and efficiency of the circuit design and simulation. A 4-stage ring oscillator is employed to generate 1-GHz oscillation frequency and is divided into low frequency clocks by a feedback divider. The architecture is a third-order, type-2 charge pump PLL. The simulated settling time is less than 4μs. The RMS value of period jitter of the PLL＇s output is 2.1 ps. The PLL core occupies an area of 0.12 mm2, one fourth of which is occupied by the MiM loop capacitors. The total current consumption of the chip is 16.5 mA. The chip has been sent for fabrication in 0.13 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor （CMOS） technology.

Pump-induced carrier envelope offset frequency dynamics and stabilization of an Yb-doped fiber frequency comb

In this paper, we demonstrate a carrier envelope phase-stabilized Yb-doped fiber frequency comb seeding by a nonlinear-polarization-evolution（NPE） mode-locked laser at a repetition rate of 60 MHz with a pulse duration of 191 fs.The pump-induced carrier envelope offset frequency（ f0） nonlinear tuning is discussed and further explained by the spectrum shift of the laser pulse. Through the environmental noise suppression, the drift of the free-running f0 is reduced down to less than 3 MHz within an hour. By feedback control on the pump power with a self-made phase-lock loop（PLL）electronics the carrier envelope offset frequency is well phase-locked with a frequency jitter of 85 m Hz within an hour.

Broadband microwave frequency doubler based on left-handed nonlinear transmission lines

A bandwidth microwave second harmonic generator is successfully designed using composite right/left-handed non- linear transmission lines （CRLH NLTLs） in a GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit （MMIC） technology. The structure parameters of CRLH NLTLs, e.g. host transmission line, rectangular spiral inductor, and nonlinear capacitor, have a great impact on the second harmonic performance enhancement in terms of second harmonic frequency, output power, and conversion efficiency. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the second harmonic frequency is deter- mined by the anomalous dispersion of CRLH NLTLs and can be significantly improved by effectively adjusting these structure parameters. A good agreement between the measured and simulated second harmonic performances of Ka-band CRLH NLTLs frequency multipliers is successfully achieved, which further validates the design approach of frequency multipliers on CRLH NLTLs and indicates the potentials of CRLH NLTLs in terms of the generation of microwave and millimeter-wave signal source.

A 1.2-to-1.4 GHz low-jitter frequency synthesizer for GPS application

A fully integrated frequency synthesizer with low jitter and low power consumption in 0.18 μm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology is proposed in this paper.The frequency synthesizer uses a novel single-end gain-boosting charge pump, a differential coupled voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and a dynamic logic phase/frequency detecor (PFD) to acquire low output jitter.The output frequency range of the frequency synthesizer is up to 1 200 MHz to 1 400 MHz for GPS (global position system) application.The post simulation results show that the phase noise of VCO is only 127.1 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset and the Vp-p jitter of the frequency synthesizer output clock is 13.65 ps.The power consumption of the frequency synthesizer not including the divider is 4.8 mW for 1.8 V supply and it occupies a 0.8 mm×0.7 mm chip area.

Comparative Study of Low-Pass Filter and Phase-Locked Loop Type Speed Filters for Sensorless Control of AC Drives

High quality speed information is one of the key issues in machine sensorless drives,which often requires proper filtering of the estimated speed.This paper comparatively studies typical low-pass filters(LPF)and phase-locked loop(PLL)type filters with respect to ramp speed reference tracking and steady-state performances,as well as the achievement of adaptive cutoff frequency control.An improved LPF-based filter structure with no ramping and steady-state errors caused by filter parameter quantization effects is proposed,which is suitable for applying LPF for sensorless drives of AC machines,especially when fixed-point digital signal processor is selected e.g.in mass production.Furthermore,the potential of adopting PLL for speed filtering is explored.It is demonstrated that PLL type filters can well maintain the advantages offered by the improved LPF.Moreover,it is found that the PLL type filters exhibit almost linear relationship between the cutoff frequency of the PLL filter and its proportional-integral(PI)gains,which can ease the realization of speed filters with adaptive cutoff frequency for improving the speed transient performance.The proposed filters are verified experimentally.The PLL type filter with adaptive cutoff frequency can provide satisfactory performances under various operating conditions and is therefore recommended.

PHASE-LOCKING OF HIGH POWER GYROTRON OSCILLATOR

The phase-locking process is studied for high-power gyrotron oscillator driven by an external signal. The phase-locking nonlinear differential equations are derived, and the condition of phase-locking is shown and analyzed. The phase-locking signal can be introduced after gyrotron oscillates into saturation or before it. Two different ways of inputting signal make markable influence on the phase-locking process, this phenomenon is discussed. In this paper, the numerical calculations and analysis are given for gyrotron TE13 mode.

A Control Strategy of Frequency Self-adaptation Without Phase-locked Loop for VSC-HVDC

A control strategy of frequency self-adaptation without phase-locked loop(PLL)underαβstationary reference frame(αβ-SRF)for a VSC-HVDC system is presented to improve the operational performance of the system under severe harmonic distortion conditions.The control strategy helps to eliminate the cross-coupling under dq synchronous reference frame(dq-SRF),and is achieved through two key technologies:1)positive phase sequence(PPS)and negative phase sequence(NPS)fundamental components are extracted from the AC grid voltage with an improved multiple complex coefficient filter(IMCF),and 2)grid instantaneous frequency is rapidly and precisely tracked using a frequency self-adaptation tracking algorithm(FATA)without PLL.The proposed strategy is applied to a point-to-point VSCHVDC system and validated by means of simulations.The results are compared to those with the traditional vector control strategy under dq-SRF.Simulation results illustrate that the proposed strategy results in better system performance than that with the traditional strategy in terms of harmonic suppression under normal and severe operating conditions of the AC system.

Determination of Natural Frequencies of Multilayered Plates by Mixed Finite Elements

Natural frequencies for multilayer plates are calculated by mixed finite element method. The main object of this paper is to use the mixed model for multilayer plates, analyzing each layer as an isolated plate, where the continuity of displacements is achieved by Lagrange multipliers （representing static variables）. This procedure allows us to work with any model for single plate （so as to ensure the proper behavior of each layer）, and the complexity of the multilayer system is avoided by ensuring the condition of displacements by the Lagrange multipliers （static variables）. The plate is discretized by finite element modeling based on a primary hybrid model, where the domain is divided by quadrilateral, both for the displacement field and static variables. This mixed element for plates was implemented and several examples of vibrations have been verified successfully by the results obtained by other methods in the literature.

基于低中频采样的超宽带雷达波形产生器误差校正方法

针对超宽带(UWB)雷达波形合成中正交调制器、混频器、倍频器等模拟环节的误差因素特点,提出一种基于“低中频直接数字产生+倍频”途径的高质量UWB雷达LFM波形数字产生器方案。在频域建立该系统误差的数学模型,提出一种基于频谱对比途径的系统误差数字预失真校正方法,并进行实验验证和性能分析。该方法将系统失真的校正函数映射到系统数字输入端的波形库中,通过直接对存储的数字波形进行预失真融合处理实现系统误差的校正和补偿。结果表明该方法能够显著地提高产生UWB雷达LFM波形的质量和性能,证实提出的误差校正方法正确、有效和可行。

基于稀疏恢复的调频引信抗扫频干扰方法

针对连续波调频引信在扫频式干扰作用下的早炸或者瞎火问题,提出基于时域干扰剔除及信号稀疏重构的抗干扰方法。通过时域异常值检测定位干扰位置和持续时间,并剔除异常数据抑制干扰对引信的影响;进一步地针对干扰剔除引起的信号时域稀疏,建立基于稀疏正则项的差频信号重构优化方程,并提出基于交替方向乘子法的迭代重构算法;通过仿真和实测数据验证方法的性能。研究结果表明:该方法能够在信噪比-15 dB,置零样本率不高于70%的情况下,抑制扫频干扰的影响,准确实现目标距离-速度信息的获取,提高了调频引信抗扫频干扰能力。

一种采用单运算跨阻放大器实现的模拟乘法器

针对广泛应用于核电子技术领域的模拟乘法器进行了研究,提出了一种采用单运算跨阻放大器实现的模拟乘法器。首先基于运算跨阻放大器的基本结构和输入输出关系,提出了基于单OTRA的基本乘法器电路。然后,为了消除OTRA的有限跨阻增益对乘法器的影响,提出了在直流偏置下叠加小信号的实现方案和基于MOS的乘法器结构,以实现对高频应用的补偿。还讨论了其作为平方器和振幅调制器的应用。最后通过PSPICE仿真验证了提出的理论设计,表明仿真结果与理论设计吻合得很好。

基于枝节回收的石墨烯三次谐波倍频器的研究

提出了一种枝节回收下的石墨烯三次谐波倍频器,并与不加枝节回收时石墨烯三次谐波倍频器进行了对比分析。石墨烯在电磁场激励下产生很强的非线性特性,偶次谐波输出功率被抑制,三次谐波输出功率增强。在680~1100 MHz工作频率下,枝节回收可有效提高石墨烯三次谐波输出效率。当射频输入功率为14 dBm时,有枝节回收与无枝节回收的倍频器相比,倍频损耗减小了11.12 dBm。

硅基毫米波太赫兹倍频器研究进展

硅基集成毫米波太赫兹源依靠高集成度、低成本以及与数字集成电路兼容的优势,成为了下一代6 G高速通讯、高精度态势感知雷达和超高分辨率成像等毫米波太赫兹应用的一大重要支撑。对其中的关键非线性电路倍频器的国内外研究进展进行了调研和总结,具体包括对硅基毫米波太赫兹倍频器的拓扑分类和适用场景进行了详细的梳理。同时,对近几年应用于优化谐波产生的晶体管非线性理论的研究进行了列举。最后,对硅基毫米波太赫兹倍频器研究的未来做出了展望,为倍频器的相关研究者们梳理了清晰的研究路线。

Research on fiber-optic interferometric hydrophone array using frequency division multiplying technique

From the point of view of system design, a configuration of fiber-optic interferomet- ric hydrophone array and its modulation and demodulation approach using frequncy division multiplexing technique based on Phase Generated Carrier (PGC) is introduced. And the em- phasis on demonstrating the relationship among the number of units N, the detectable signal amplitude D and the detectable frequency ws through analyzing the frequency spectrum of the output signal of the J × K array and the key factor which restricts N, D, Ws for increasing are presented. The maximum phare shift and the law of its variation according to frequency are specially analyzed. The results induced from some relative theory were verified by experiments.

基于微多普勒特征的直升机目标识别

微多普勒特征可为旋翼直升机的识别提供一种新的依据。现有针对旋翼直升机回波模型的研究仅限于矩形旋翼叶片尖端的微多普勒效应。首先,通过建立矩形尖端旋翼、锥形尖端旋翼以及抛物线扫掠尖端旋翼的全散射点回波模型,引入特征提取算子,设计“时频分析—归一化时频处理—频率‘投影压缩’—截断取模傅里叶变换”的方法,实现具有时移幅频不变特性的微动特征的提取。然后,基于交替方向乘子法,提出在目标分类中的压缩感知问题求解算法,并与传统的支持向量机方法进行对比分析,借助多个仿真实验验证所提出方法的有效性。

高效170GHz平衡式肖特基二极管倍频器

太赫兹源的输出功率是限制太赫兹技术远距离应用的重要参数。为了实现高效的太赫兹倍频器,基于高频特性下肖特基二极管的有源区电气模型建模方法,利用指标参数不同的两种肖特基二极管,研制出了两种170 GHz平衡式倍频器。所采用的肖特基二极管有源结区模型完善地考虑了二极管IV特性,载流子饱和速率限制,直流串联电阻以及趋肤效应等特性。通过对两种倍频器仿真结果进行对比,完备地分析了二极管主要指标参数对倍频器性能的影响。最后测试结果显示两种平衡式170 GHz倍频器在155~178 GHz工作带宽内的最高倍频效率分别大于11%和24%,最高输出功率分别大于15 m W和25 m W。从仿真和测试结果表示,采用的肖特基二极管建模方法和平衡式倍频器结构适用于研制高效的太赫兹倍频器。

Design and implementation of digital closed-loop drive control system of a MEMS gyroscope

In order to effectively control the working state of the gyroscope in drive mode, the drive characteristics of the micro electromechanical system （MEMS） gyroscope are analyzed in principle. A novel drive circuit for the MEMS gyroscope in digital closed-loop control is proposed, which utilizes a digital phase-locked loop （PLL） in frequency control and an automatic gain control （AGC） method in amplitude control. A digital processing circuit with a field programmable gate array （FPGA） is designed and the experiments are carried out. The results indicate that when the temperature changes, the drive frequency can automatically track the resonant frequency of gyroscope in drive mode and that of the oscillating amplitude holds at a set value. And at room temperature, the relative deviation of the drive frequency is 0.624 ×10^-6 and the oscillating amplitude is 8.0 ×10^-6, which are 0. 094% and 18. 39% of the analog control program, respectively. Therefore, the control solution of the digital PLL in frequency and the AGC in amplitude is feasible.