Modulation Recognition with Frequency Offset and Phase Offset over Multipath Channels

Modulation recognition becomes unreliable at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)over fading channel.A novel method is proposed to recognize the digital modulated signals with frequency and phase offsets over multi-path fading channels in this paper.This method can overcome the effects of phase offset,Gaussian noise and multi-path fading.To achieve this,firstly,the characteristic parameters search is constructed based on the cyclostationarity of received signals,to overcome the phase offset,Gaussian white noise,and influence caused by multi-path fading.Then,the carrier frequency of the received signal is estimated,and the maximum characteristic parameter is searched around the integer multiple carriers and their vicinities.Finally,the modulation types of the received signal with frequency and phase offsets are classified using decision thresholds.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is better than the traditional methods when SNR is over 5dB,and that the proposed method is robust to frequency and phase offsets over multipath channels.

Joint Estimation of Carrier Frequency and Phase Offset Based on Pilot Symbols in Quasi-Constant Envelope OFDM Satellite Systems

Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB.

Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Based Waveform for Fifth Generation Communication

Fifth generation(5G)wireless networks must meet the needs of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things(IoT),Vehicle-to-everything(V2X),Video on Demand(VoD)services,Device to Device communication(D2D)and many other bandwidth-hungry multimedia applications that connect a huge number of devices.5G wireless networks demand better bandwidth efficiency,high data rates,low latency,and reduced spectral leakage.To meet these requirements,a suitable 5G waveform must be designed.In this work,a waveform namely Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(SOQPSK-OFDM)is proposed for 5G to provide bandwidth efficiency,reduced spectral leakage,and Bit Error Rate(BER).The proposed work is evaluated using a real-time Software Defined Radio(SDR)testbed-Wireless open Access Research Platform(WARP).Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed 5G waveform exhibits better BER performance and reduced Out of Band(OOB)radia-tion when compared with other waveforms like Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Key-ing(OQPSK)and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying(QPSK)based OFDM and a 5G waveform candidate Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing(GFDM).BER analysis shows that the proposed SOQPSK-OFDM waveform attains a Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)gain of 7.2 dB at a BER of 10�3,when compared with GFDM in a real-time indoor environment.An SNR gain of 8 and 6 dB is achieved by the proposed work for a BER of 10�4 when compared with QPSK-OFDM and OQPSK-OFDM signals,respectively.A significant reduction in OOB of nearly 15 dB is achieved by the proposed work SOQPSK-OFDM when compared to 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM)mapped OFDM.

Joint frequency offset tracking and PAPR reduction algorithm in OFDM systems

This paper presents an algorithm that aims to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio（PAPR） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） communication systems while maintaining frequency tracking.The algorithm achieves PAPR reduction by applying the complex conjugates of the data symbol obtained from the frequency domain to cancel the phase of the data symbol.A likelihood estimator is used to obtain the sub-carrier phase error due to the residual carrier frequency offset（RCFO） using the same complex conjugates as a pilot signal.Furthermore,a joint time and frequency domain multicarrier phase locked loop（MPLL） is developed to compensate additional frequency offset.Simulation results show that this algorithm is capable of reducing PAPR without impacting the frequency tracking performance.

Improved dichotomous search frequency offset estimator for burst-mode continuous phase modulation

A data-aided technique for cartier frequency offset estimation with continuous phase modulation （CPM） in burst- mode transmission is presented. The proposed technique first exploits a special pilot sequence, or training sequence, to form a sinusoidal waveform. Then, an improved dichotomous search frequency offset estimator is introduced to determine the frequency offset using the sinusoid. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that our estimator is noteworthy in the following aspects. First, the estimator can operate independently of timing recovery. Second, it has relatively low outlier, i.e., the minimum signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） required to guarantee estimation accuracy. Finally, the most important property is that our estimator is complexity-reduced compared to the existing dichotomous search methods： it eliminates the need for fast Fourier transform （FFT） and modulation removal, and exhibits faster convergence rate without accuracy degradation.

Blind estimation of phase offset in OFDM subcarrier for coherent demodulation

An adaptive algorithm named low complexity phase off- set estimation （LC-POE） is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） signals. Depending on the requirement, the estimation procedure is divided into several scales to accelerate the adaptive convergence speed and ensure the estimation accuracy. The true phase offset is estimated through shrinking the detection range and raising the resolution scale step by step. Both the convergence performance and complexity are discussed in the paper. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The LC-POE algorithm is promising in the application of OFDM systems.

Synchronization for the Environment of OFDM Cooperative Communications Based on Preamble Design and Phase Rotation

Timing and carrier frequency offset estimation are critical issue for OFDM cooperative communications. In view of the complexity and high accuracy requirement, 1/2 and 1/4 pilot symbol cycle CAZAC sequence structures are defined as the pilot frequency sequence. Estimation within one symbol cycle is carried out through averaging samples of two neighboring symbol cycles, after which the operation is expanded to all the symbol cycles in one band group. Taking multipath effect into account, the concept of phase rotation is proposed for a further step. Adjust the phase difference of estimated symbols by phase rotation, and cross estimation could be done. Meanwhile, timing scheme works within one cycle training sequence. Theoretical and simulation analysis indicate that CRLB does not only relate to estimation symbol length, but also be influenced by phase difference of estimation symbols seriously. In the condition that the length of estimation is fixed, the bigger the phase rotation angle is, the smaller the CRLB is. The complexity of proposed algorithm is less than full cycle average estimation method for almost 50%. Meanwhile, the estimation accuracy is approximate with the full cycle average estimation method as well. Timing scheme with the defined preamble structure is also proposed. Simulation proves its efficiency.

用于新型符号的频偏补偿和解调的算法与电路

为提高传统脉冲位置调制(pulse position modulation,PPM)符号的频谱效率,提出了一种新型码片内4-PPM符号调制方法,在实现1 Gbit/s通信速率的同时,又大大减少所需频谱资源。可在解调时,该符号调制的误码率性能受到发射端时钟和接收端本地时钟之间的频率偏移的极大影响。针对此问题,又提出了一种在模拟域对该符号进行频偏补偿,并实现符号同步和高速数据解调的算法与电路。该电路系统通过消除接收数据和本地时钟的初始相差、提取两者的频偏信息、周期性改变本地时钟的瞬时相位3步实现频偏补偿,并同时在第3步利用本地时钟对接收数据进行解调。为提高相位插值器(phase interpolator,PI)的线性度,本文将延迟锁定环与PI相结合。在2π的插值范围内,实现插值区间32个,插值步长992个,分辨率2.016 ps,最大差分非线性(differential nonlinearity,DNL)0.183°,最大积分非线性(integral nonlinearity,INL)0.325°。此外,本文提出的相位控制算法有效避免了由电流毛刺所引起的输出相位突变。电路基于UMC 40 nm CMOS RF LP工艺进行设计与仿真。仿真结果表明:本文所提出的算法与电路,在典型工艺角下,将接收数据和本地时钟间的50×10^(-6)频率偏差度降至1.03×10^(-6),频偏补偿准确度达到97.94%,并实现1 Gbit/s的解调速率。该方法对高速PPM数据同步与解调具有良好的工程应用价值。

带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计

针对带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计难的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)结合全数字锁相环(digital phase locked loop,DPLL)的方法。所提方法首先对待处理信号通过不重叠分段生成数据矩阵,每段信号长度为一倍伪码周期;然后利用其自相关矩阵的右上角元素估计失步点进行同步,并且在重新计算自相关矩阵后根据较大特征值个数估计进制数;最后通过多次快速SVD算法结合DPLL最终实现伪码序列的盲估计。仿真结果显示,所提方法在低信噪比条件下可以有效估计出带残余频偏的软扩频信号的伪码序列,并且性能优于其他对比方法。

面向无线传感网络的同步时钟技术研究

考虑到传统的时钟同步技术在信息交互过程中产生的延迟具有不确定性,为了消除其对时钟同步的影响,提出了面向无线传感网络的同步时钟技术研究。通过对任意一个网络节点在真实物理时间的本地时间进行变换处理,构建无线传感网络的线性时钟模型,根据高斯分布所具有的加减特性,计算两个连续同步轮次的动态响应时间差值,在离散形式下,构建无线传感网络观测模型。通过计算无线传感网络时钟差值的均值,得到无线传感网络节点的时间戳,将无线传感网络节点数据交互误差补偿的目标函数转换成向量的形式,补偿无线传感网络节点数据交互误差,实现无线传感网络的时钟同步处理。实验结果表明,在微秒级延迟下,该技术的同步精度仍较高,可以有效消除网络信息延迟的不确定性对同步时钟的影响。

基于DP83640的秒脉冲移相器设计与实现

使用DP83640 IEEE 1588精密时间协议(PTP)收发芯片设计实现了一款秒脉冲精密移相器,它能与外部的标准秒脉冲(1 PPS)进行同步并进行精密相位微调,可应用于高精度相位微跃器。秒脉冲移相器采用DP83640芯片进行级联实现秒脉冲精密移相:利用ARM微处理器控制第二级DP83640实现与外部标准秒脉冲的相位粗调,控制第一级DP83640实现相位微调。相位调整时将外部输入的相位偏移量换算为8 ns整周期倍数的相位粗调值,以及不同时间长度档位的相位微调值,分别写入第二级和第一级DP83640共同实现高精度相位微跃。由于硬件电路特性和器件综合噪声的影响,经测试平均相位微跃准确度可以达到0.1 fs。

基于Phase-Refining技术的微波宽带频率合成器

为改善宽带频率合成器的相位噪声,提出一种基于Phase-Refining技术的微波宽带频率合成器结构与一种对其相位噪声的准确分析方法。首先,根据线性传递函数与叠加原理得到该频率合成器的相位噪声解析模型,通过对振荡器实测相位噪声谱型进行曲线拟合并带入模型中来准确预测其相位噪声性能。分析表明,在级联偏置锁相环中,整个输出频率范围内都可通过将反馈分频比最小化来改善其环路带宽内的相位噪声。实验结果表明,该频率合成器的输出频率范围为2.1~5.6 GHz,频率步进为1 Hz,当输出为2.1 GHz与5.6 GHz时,在频偏10 kHz处的相位噪声分别为-114.7 dBc/Hz与-108.2 dBc/Hz,其相位噪声测试结果与分析计算结果相吻合。

一种数字集群系统中GMSK信号的相偏跟踪算法

针对国内某集群系统采用准相干解调时遇到的频率同步问题,进行研究讨论并提出解决方案。由于准相干解调对系统收发的频率同步精度要求非常高,采用常规的频偏估计补偿思路难以满足要求,从而使得准相干解调的性能优势无法体现。针对此问题,提出了一种分段相位跟踪算法:通过对频偏补偿后残留频偏引起的大相位误差进行分段相位跟踪并补偿的方式,来降低残留频偏对系统解调性能的影响,所得解调性能与理想频率同步下的性能基本一致。所提算法尤其适用于频偏估计误差较大的系统。

DPLL implementation in carrier acquisition and tracking for burst DS-CDMA receivers

This paper presents the architectures, algorithms, and implementation considerations of the digital phase locked loop (DPLL) used for burst-mode packet DS-CDMA receivers. As we know, carrier offset is a rather challenging problem in CDMA system. According to different applications, different DPLL forms should be adopted to correct different maximum carrier offset in CDMA systems. One classical DPLL and two novel DPLL forms are discussed in the paper. The acquisition range of carrier offset can be widened by using the two novel DPLL forms without any performance degradation such as longer acquisition time or larger variance of the phase error. The maximum acquisition range is 1/(4T), where T is the symbol period. The design can be implemented by FPGA directly.

High resolution range profile analysis based on multicarrier phase-coded waveforms of OFDM radar

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） radar with multicarrier phase-coded waveforms has been recently introduced to achieve high range resolution.The conventional method for obtaining the high resolution range profile（HRRP） is based on matched filters.A method of synthesizing HRRP based on the fast Fourier transform（FFT） and decoding is proposed.The mathematical expressions of HRRP are derived by assuming an elementary scenario of point-scattering targets.Based on the characteristic of OFDM multicarrier signals,it mainly analyzes the influence on HRRP exerted by several factors,such as velocity compensation errors,the sampling frequency offset,and so on.The conclusions are significant for the design of the OFDM imaging radar.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the validity of the conclusions.

Monolithic CEO-stabilization scheme-based frequency comb from an octave-spanning laser

We demonstrate a carder-envelope phase-stabilized octave-spanning oscillator based on the monolithic scheme. A wide output spectrum extending from 480 nm to 1050 nm was generated directly from an all-chirped mirror Ti：sapphire laser. After several improvements, the carder-envelope offset （CEO） beat frequency accessed nearly 60 dB under a reso- lution of 100 kHz. Using a feedback system with 50-kHz bandwidth, we compressed the residual phase noise to 55 mrad （integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz） for the stabilized CEO, corresponding to 23-as timing jitter at the central wavelength of 790 nm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest timing jitter achieved among the existing octave-spanning laser based frequency combs.

A mobility compensation method for drones in SG-eloT

In order to achieve the specific goal of a smart grid,the concept of electricity Internet of Things(eloT)has been proposed to assist the monitoring and inspection of power transmission line state and optimize the asset utilization.The long power transmission line and the complex field operation environment urge the introduction of drones into the eloT for fast power transmission line inspection,data collection from sensors for further big data analysis,adaptive control of power line voltage,etc.Additionally,drones can also act as a central communication control or relay point to serve the data exchange among sensors,drones and power transmission line maintenance personnel in the scenario where the conventional mobile communication service is not available.However,the fast mobility of drones may affect the signal transmission and position estimation performance,which may further deteriorate the networking performance.In order to solve this problem,a mobility compensation method is proposed,which includes the steps of frequency offset estimation and relative velocity calculation.Through the Monte Carlo simulations,the proposed algorithm shows favorable gains compared with the conventional ones.

ICI Performance Analysis for All Phase OFDM Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a strong candidate for the next generation wireless communica-tion. But the frequency offset between the local oscillators at the transmitter and receiver causes a single frequency offset in the signal, while a time-varying channel can cause a spread of frequency offsets known as the Doppler spread. Frequency offsets ruin the orthogonal of OFDM sub-carriers and cause inter-carrier interference (ICI), therefore, quickly diminishing the performance of the system. A novel all phase OFDM (AP-OFDM) system is established. APFFT is introduced for the first time to overcome ICI aroused by carrier frequency offset (CFO) in OFDM systems. This scheme makes use of APFFT in time domain and zero inserting in frequency domain to reduce the amount of ICI gener-ated as a result of frequency offset, with little additional computational complexity. At the same time, the proposed sys-tem has zero phase error. It is proved to be correct and effective in mathematics. The simulation results indicate that AP-OFDM system has a better performance than conventional OFDM system.

一种低功耗电流/频率转换电路零偏补偿方法

电流/频率转换电路主要用于惯导领域中加速度计输出电流测量,目前典型电流/频率转换电路功耗较大,限制了其应用范围。通常采用分流电路进行低功耗电流/频率转换电路设计,但该方式会带来较大零偏误差,影响电路测量精度。对此分析了影响低功耗电流/频率转换电路零偏的原因,提出了一种利用单片机实现零偏补偿的方法,其只需多次烧录程序就可实现迭代补偿,通过对三个典型温度点粗补偿和全温度段精补偿,较便捷地实现了高精度零偏补偿。经过试验验证,设计的产品全温零偏小于0.15 Hz,功耗为典型电路的1/5,具有较高的工程应用价值和良好的市场前景。