Ultrafast dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced high spatial frequency periodic structures on silicon surfaces

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.

Parameter estimation method for a linear frequency modulation signal with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity

In view of the complexity of existing linear frequency modulation(LFM)signal parameter estimation methods and the poor antinoise performance and estimation accuracy under a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a parameter estimation method for LFM signals with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity is proposed in this paper.This method utilizes the characteristic that the output signal of the Duffing oscillator excited by the LFM signal changes periodically with frequency,and the modulation period of the LFM signal is estimated by autocorrelation processing of the output signal of the Duffing oscillator.On this basis,the corresponding relationship between the reference frequency of the frequencyaligned Duffing oscillator and the frequency range of the LFM signal is analyzed by the periodic power spectrum method,and the frequency information of the LFM signal is determined.Simulation results show that this method can achieve high-accuracy parameter estimation for LFM signals at an SNR of-25 dB.

Dynamic simulation of hydrodynamic model of drum level wave action and sloshing

In order to build the model of the drum level wave action and sloshing, based on the method of modularization modeling, the hydrodynamic model of drum level wave action and sloshing was developed, and dynamic simulation researches were carried out based on the model. The results indicate that both drum level and drum length have functional relations with period of drum level wave action and sloshing. When the drum level decreases or drum length increases, the period of drum level wave action and sloshing increases, density of liquid and number of sub-module division have little influence on the period of drum level wave action and sloshing. The model was validated by the analytical solution theory of liquid’s wave action and sloshing in cuboid container, and the 3D graphics of drum level wave action and sloshing was also obtained. The model can dynamically reflect the rules of wave action and sloshing of water in the container exactly.

ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ERRATIC TRACK FREQUENCY FOR TYPHOON IN SOUTH CHINA SEA AND WEST PACIFIC

Typhoons with erratic movement are studied for their annual frequency of occurrence over the South China Sea and Northwest Pacific,based on 102 years of data (1884—1985).It discovers that the years with higher fre- quency tend to get together.There are well-defined periods of 12 and 30 years,revealed with the maximum entropy method (MEM),the latter of low-frequency oscillation being clearer.