Time frequency spectrum of atmospheric turbulence and sweeping hypothesis

The present study is focused on the structure of time frequency spectrum.A scaling law for Eulerian time frequency spectrum and the corresponding temporal structure function are calculated from the sweeping hypothesis and Kolmogorov’s similarity law regarding spatial structure function.An experiment is designed to study this scaling law in the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer.The results well support the conclusion derived from relevant theoretical analysis.

Wavelet spectrum analysis on energy transfer of multi-scale structures in wall turbulence

The streamwise velocity components at different vertical heights in wall turbulence were measured. Wavelet transform was used to study the turbulent energy spectra, indicating that the global spectrum results from the weighted average of Fourier spectrum based on wavelet scales. W＇avelet transform with more vanishing moments can express the declining of turbulent spectrum. The local wavelet spectrum shows that the physical phenomena such as deformation position in the boundary layer, and the or breakup of eddies are related to the vertical energy-containing eddies exist in a multi-scale form. Moreover, the size of these eddies increases with the measured points moving out of the wall. In the buffer region, the small scale energy-containing eddies with higher frequency are excited. In the outer region, the maximal energy is concentrated in the low-frequency large-scale eddies, and the frequency domain of energy-containing eddies becomes narrower.

Investigation of Wall Pressure Fluctuations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer by Large Eddy Simulation

Large eddy simulation (LES) was used to investigate the space-time field of the low Mach number, fully developed turbulent boundary layer on a smooth, rigid flat plate. The wall-pressure field simulated by LES was analyzed to obtain the pressure statistics, including the wall-pressure root-mean square, skewness and flatness factors, which show the wall pressure distribution was not Gaussian. The profile of the auto-power spectral density and the contour of the streamwise wavenumber-frequency spectral density of wall-pressure were plotted. The "convection ridge" can be observed clearly and the convection velocity can be calculated from the location of the convection peak.

Experimental study on the local similarity scaling of the turbulence spectrum in the turbulent boundary layer

The streamwise fluctuating velocity in the turbulent boundary layer is measured under approximately medium Reynolds Number by hot wire in order to investigate the scaling properties of the overlapped turbulent spectrum among energy-containing area, inertial subrange and dissipation range based on FFT analysis. The experiment indicates that the high Reynolds flow reported before is not indispensable to produce -1 scaling. So far as the measured position is provided with much higher spatial resolution and enough closing to the wall, -1 scaling is determinate to exist when approaching medium Reynolds. The scaling ranges are supposed to begin at inner scale and end in outer scale, which reveals the local similarity of the energy spectrum over the energy-containing eddies near the wall. In the logarithmic area (y+ > 130), -5/3 scaling occurs in the energy spectrum, while moving away from the wall with Reynolds numbers increasing, the inertial subrange extends to the lower wavenumbers. On the condition k1η 0.1, the curves of the turbulence spectrum in the logarithmic layer are superposed, which expresses the similarity of turbulence energy distributed in Komogorov scaling area and exhibits local isotropy characteristics by virtue of the viscous dissipation.

Experimental study for frequency spectrum of turbulent boundary layer pressure fluctuation

An experimental study on TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fluctuation frequeny spectrum of a revolution body is presented. With the measured results, a relation of convective frequency fo of the models is obtained. Relations of turbuleat wall-pressure fluctuation spectrum in transition region and development region to frequency and speed are obtained also

Multi-site observation of large-scale eddies in the surface layer of the Loess Plateau

This article aims to build a theory of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence under complex conditions. To achieve this goal, we constructed a multi-site observation and analysis method of atmospheric turbulence based on related principles.This method first requires verification for the ergodicity of the full-scale observation of surface-layer turbulence, which proves that eddies within a scale of 60 min during a four-site observation can easily meet ergodicity. Meanwhile, by applying the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed turbulence of a single site and upstream and downstream points, we verified the ergodicity of the turbulence observation. Comparing the turbulence spectrum to the second-order structure function for the horizontal wind speed from the four-site observation, a relatively high accordance was observed, proving the reasonability of the multi-site observation. Moreover, compared to the single-site observation, the four-site observation can improve the estimation accuracy of the surface-layer turbulence spectrum and vertical turbulent flux. As a result, we can describe the threedimensional structure of turbulence more accurately and comprehensively by combining analytical data from single-site and four-site observations. In summary, the multi-site turbulence observation method shows that the horizontal and vertical wind turbulence of the Baimiao plateau has a typical structure of a turbulence spectrum with clear spectral gaps. The result is in accordance with the scale of the turbulence spectral gaps obtained from the 6 h data. The horizontal wind speed is under the influence of the terrain, so its spectrum of large-scale eddies has higher fluctuations, but its spectral gaps can still be clearly distinguished. Although the spectral gaps of the temperature spectrum are not distinguishable, they still have the same scale as the spectral gap of the vertical and horizontal turbulence spectrum. Moreover, the temperature spectrum possesses typical structure characteristics of the boundary-layer turbulence spectrum.

基于线阵列的湍流边界层壁面脉动压力波数-频率谱模型实验研究

湍流边界层壁面脉动压力波数-频率谱建模是流动噪声领域十分关注的问题。研究首先总结归纳了近60年来的11种波数-频率谱预测模型,并按照模型的理论基础和表达形式划分为四类:Corcos类模型、不可压缩理论基模型、可压缩理论基模型和其他类模型。然后,开展声学风洞线阵列实验并对各预测模型进行展向方向波数积分,分别获得了流向方向的湍流边界层壁面脉动压力波数-频率谱实验测量结果与模型预测结果。最后,按照Corcos类模型与非Corcos类分别开展对比研究,分析研究了四类11种模型预测能力。研究结果表明:线阵列测量可以有效获得流向方向的波数-频率谱,并可用于校验各预测模型精度;在6个Corcos类模型选取时,需根据所关心的频率、波数范围及表达式计算复杂程度选取合适的预测模型;5个非Corcos类模型能够直接预测波数-频率谱,不需要自谱模型输入,较Corcos类模型具有较大优势,其中综合考虑Chase I模型最优,Chase II具备声学区边界预测能力。

基于卫星海面高度资料的太平洋海区涡旋能谱分析

在空间均匀和各向同性的假定下,地转湍流理论认为涡旋动能随尺度分布遵循k–n定律(k为波数)。但实际海洋受边界、地形、层结等,具有明显的非均匀、各向异性特征。鉴于此,我们基于近30a卫星高度计资料,分别计算了热带、副热带、中高纬度等海洋涡旋强度不同区域的海面高度异常(SSHA)波数谱,进而利用线性回归拟合方法估算出中尺度波段上SSHA波数谱的斜率,并与地转湍流理论预测进行了对比。研究结果显示:SSHA波数谱从赤道到中高纬度逐渐变陡,其斜率由–4减到–5,基本符合赤道线性波动理论和准地转湍流理论的预测。SSHA波数谱斜率存在纬向与经向差异,例如在赤道地区,纬向谱比相应的经向谱陡;而在南极绕极流区域,经向谱斜率大于纬向谱斜率。SSHA波数谱斜率的各向异性表明海洋中尺度运动受β效应影响,具有明显的经向和纬向差异。以上结果表明,海洋中尺度运动介于准二维和三维之间,不能用一个全球普适的湍流理论模型来描述。

气固两相湍流非定常压力脉动特性数值模拟研究

与发动机振荡燃烧相关的气固两相流中的压力脉动现象长期以来备受关注。为了解发动机气固两相流动中的非定常压力脉动特性,以典型的后台阶气固两相流动为研究对象,使用发展的自适应湍流模拟(Self-adaptive turbulence eddy simulation,SATES)和离散相模型(Discrete phase model,DPM)相结合的方法,对两相流场进行了三维非定常高精度数值计算。以实验数据作为参考验证了计算方法的精度和可靠性。通过将两相流场的压力脉动信号与纯气相流场进行对比,发现加入颗粒后流场压力脉动主导频率略有变化,无量纲压力脉动幅值明显减小;进一步研究了固体颗粒直径和质量分数对脉动特性的影响规律,发现随着颗粒直径变大,流场振幅先减小后增大。颗粒直径为10μm时,振幅最小;随着质量分数的增大,流场振幅呈现出下降趋势。研究表明气固两相流中颗粒的参数变化对振荡主频影响较小,对脉动振幅影响显著。

基于壁面模化大涡模拟的SUBOFF壁面脉动压力数值研究

该文基于开源计算流体力学平台OpenFOAM,采用壁面模化大涡模拟中的非平衡壁面模型,对雷诺数Re_(L)=1.2×10^(7)(L为艇长)下的SUBOFF艇体绕流问题开展了数值研究。通过Liutex涡识别方法,该文给出了艇体近壁流动的涡结构分布,提取了艇体表面的时均压力系数,与实验数据进行了对比,并在此基础上重点研究了壁面模化大涡模拟对壁面脉动压力的预测,给出了不同区域的壁面脉动压力频率谱、平行中体处流向和周向波数-频率谱。研究结果表明:壁面模化大涡模拟能够准确预测艇体表面时均压力分布;脉动压力预测方面,艇体首部转捩区的压力脉动更为剧烈,脉动压力谱级整体高于充分发展湍流区;从脉动压力流向波数-频率谱中可观察到湍流能量集中的迁移脊,很好地反映了湍流的时空关联特性。

Spatial and spectral investigation of turbulent kinetic energy in cavitating flow generated by Clark-Y hydrofoil

In the present paper,the turbulent cavitating flow generated by a Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated by large eddy simulation(LES)combined with Zwart-Gerber-Belamri(ZGB)cavitation model.In order to shed light on the influence of cavitation on turbulent energy distribution among scales,energy spectrum obtained from the three-dimensional velocity field is firstly applied to turbulent cavitating flow.Spatial and spectral distributions of turbulent kinetic energy are studied for both non-cavitating flow and cavitating flow.Cavitation is found to have a significant effect on the original turbulent flow by inducing more large-scale turbulent structures.The energy spectrum of cloud cavitating flow also experiences a periodic evolution as cavitation develops,and a large amount of turbulent kinetic energy is found to generate as the first shedding,cutoff and second shedding of cavities happen.

涡流空气分级机内湍流涡频谱对其性能的影响

依据湍流基本概念和涡频谱基本理论 ,讨论了涡流空气分级机内不同频率、不同尺度的湍流涡对物料分散和分级精度的影响 ,提出高频脉动的小尺寸湍涡有利于团聚体解吸、粉料的分散 ,能提高物料分级精度和分级效率。在不改变转笼外边缘和导流叶片内边缘间环形区宽度的情况下 ,通过在转笼外边缘分别沿径向叶片圆周呈90°角对称加四根杆 ,改变环形区湍流涡频谱分布 ,增加高频小湍涡 ,使得分级精度指数分别从 0 71,0 6 2提高到0 80 ,0 76 ,相对提高 12 7%和 2 2 6 %。

激励电流对脉冲涡流检测的影响研究

在采用脉冲涡流技术进行缺陷检测时,不同激励线圈中的电流会存在一定的差异。为研究不同线圈内激励电流对检测结果的影响,首先分析了不同线圈内激励电流的时频特征,然后研究了被测试件缺陷尺寸和材料属性不同时,不同激励电流作用下差分检测信号的频谱特征,分析了激励电流对检测信号频谱特征的影响规律。最后通过实验对分析结果进行了验证,结果表明:当被测试件缺陷尺寸不同时差分检测信号频谱特征受激励信号影响的规律也不同。

基于调频激励和细化谱分析的多频涡流检测技术研究

常规多频涡流检测技术在谱分析时,一般采用多个频率的正弦信号同时工作,其激励信号峰值因数较大且检测信号频谱为离散谱。文中提出了一种基于调频信号激励和检测信号细化谱分析的多频涡流检测技术,它不仅降低了激励信号峰值因数,而且检测信号频谱为连续谱。对检测信号施加Tukey窗函数改善谱图,采用Chirp-Z变换计算检测信号频谱,提高谱图的频率分辨率。定义谱图能量、谱图重心、谱图峰度和谱图偏度4个特征量应用于缺陷识别和分类。对于内部缺陷,采用谱图差峰值频率点,定量检测内部缺陷的位置。理论分析和实验结果相一致,验证了所采用方法的正确性。

平板壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数——频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题,开展相应的研究十分必要。文章采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对平板壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。首先,介绍了大涡模拟的物理内涵与基本方程,给出了所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,描述了Abraham试验中矩形试验段的几何特征,给出了网格的剖分形式,并给出了相应的离散求解数值方法以及边界条件的设置。再次,探讨了湍流脉动压力变化规律及其相似律,基于Fourier变换计算得到了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱,并详细讨论了壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱计算值与试验值之间的差异,进行了定量与定性的验证分析,结果表明,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,计算方法合理可靠,为今后复杂几何模型壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的计算研究工作奠定了基础。最后,基于试验和计算结果,比较分析了常用波数—频率谱理论模型,为波数—频率谱的工程应用提供了参考。

水下航行体表面湍流脉动压力波数−频率谱测试应用分析

[目的]分析不同模型表面流动激励力的相关性测试结果在流激振动声辐射中的应用。[方法]利用湍流脉动的压力波数−频率谱计算流激平板声辐射模型,建立水下航行体湍流脉动压力波数−频率谱测试应用方法,并将测量结果与经典模型计算结果进行比较。[结果]结果显示,平板模型的湍流脉动压力波数−频率谱测量结果与经典模型计算结果比较一致,偏差小于3 dB;在环频以上频段,回转体模型可近似为平板,其表面湍流脉动压力波数−频率谱测试结果与平板模型的差别很小,偏差小于3 dB;在环频以下频段,采用平板模型的激励力测试结果计算回转体的流激振动声辐射会带来较大的偏差。[结论]试验与分析结果可为水下航行体流动激励力测试应用提供理论基础。

国外舰船水动力噪声研究进展概述

水动力噪声是潜艇和水下航行体较大航速时的主要噪声源,在低Ma数情况下,它主要是湍流边界层脉动压力激励结构振动产生的辐射噪声。文章综述湍流边界层脉动压力的频率—波数谱模型、湍流脉动压力测量方法以及弹性结构受湍流脉动压力激励的外部区域场计算的研究进展。

清水紊流流速脉动的谱分析

通过量测一段时间内的瞬时流速分布,依据大量的试验数据,利用傅立叶变换将时域流速脉动信号转换为频域进行相关的谱分析,显示出清水紊流的能量集中于低频段附近,并找出了雷诺数与频带宽度的初步关系,弗汝德数与频带宽度的初步关系。

用子波谱分析壁湍流多尺度结构的能量传递

测量了壁湍流不同法向位置的流向速度.用子波变换研究湍流能谱,表明子波全局谱是Fourier谱按子波尺度加权平均的结果,高阶消失矩的子波变换能够表征湍谱的衰减特性;子波局部谱显示边界层内涡的变形、破碎等现象与边界层法向位置有关,含能涡结构呈多尺度分布,随着测点远离壁面,含能涡的尺度增大;在缓冲区出现更高频的小尺度含能涡,在外区能量集中在低频大尺度涡结构中,含能涡的频带变窄.

谱分析型多频涡流检测的信号处理方法研究

多频涡流检测是有效实现多参数检测和干扰抑制的无损检测方法。在谱分析型多频涡流检测中,采用同步方式合成多频激励信号,将涡流检测信号进行放大后,采集进行DFT变换,在频域进行特征提取分析。基于遗传算法,对多频激励信号的初始相位进行优化,降低激励信号的峰值因数,减小驱动电路工作电压范围。对检测信号进行谱分析,通过谱能量的变化对缺陷进行识别,提出谱变化趋势对缺陷进行分类。对于表面下缺陷,采用峰值频率点来近似识别缺陷的深度位置。通过涡流检测试验,验证了所提出方法的正确性。