There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to...There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.展开更多
An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing lit...An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.展开更多
In this paper,we establish the integration by parts formula for the solution of fractional noise driven stochastic heat equations using the method of coupling.As an application,we also obtain the shift Harnack inequal...In this paper,we establish the integration by parts formula for the solution of fractional noise driven stochastic heat equations using the method of coupling.As an application,we also obtain the shift Harnack inequalities.展开更多
“三美论”是许渊冲先生提出的翻译理论,所谓的“三美”指的是意美、音美和形美。本文以许渊冲先生的“三美论”为理论指导,对比赏析查良铮和陈锡麟对乔治•戈登•拜伦诗歌When We Two Parted的两个中译本。从意美、音美和形美三个层面,...“三美论”是许渊冲先生提出的翻译理论,所谓的“三美”指的是意美、音美和形美。本文以许渊冲先生的“三美论”为理论指导,对比赏析查良铮和陈锡麟对乔治•戈登•拜伦诗歌When We Two Parted的两个中译本。从意美、音美和形美三个层面,对比赏析两个中译本对原文意境、诗歌节奏和尾韵以及诗歌形式上的再现。在诗歌汉译中,三美难以兼顾,译者在进行翻译时要分清主次,原则是意美大于音美,音美大于形美。展开更多
In many fields of high-tech industry the ultra-t hi n wall parts are employed. In this paper the experiments were carried out to dis cuss the surface microstructure of the camera’s guided drawtube by applying ult ras...In many fields of high-tech industry the ultra-t hi n wall parts are employed. In this paper the experiments were carried out to dis cuss the surface microstructure of the camera’s guided drawtube by applying ult rasonic vibration cutting device to the traditional lathe. The influence rule of the cutting condition on the surface roughness was put forward, which was drawn by comparing the ultrasonic cutting with the common cutting by use of the cemen ted carbide tool and the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The test results sh owed that the ultrasonic cutting performs better than the common cutting in the same condition. According to the test results analyzing, the surface characteriz ation is influenced clearly by the rigidity of the acoustic system and the machi ne tool, as well the setting height of the tool tip. Otherwise, the dense regula r low frequency vibration ripples will be scraped on the machined surface. When the tool tip is set higher than the rotating center of the work piece by three t imes of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, the vibration ripples behave alig ht; they turn light and shade alternatively when the tool tip is lower than the rotating center of the work piece by three times of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration. According to the test result analyzing, the following conclusions are put forward: 1) The surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting is better than that in common cutting. Under a one third critical cutting velocity, the value of th e surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting rise slightly along with the cutting v elocity, while in common cutting it decreases contrast to the cutting velocity; the curves of the surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting and common cutting see m to be alike, both increase along with the feed rate and the cutting depth, but the value in ultrasonic cutting is smaller in the same condition.2) The influen ce of the coolant on the surface roughness cannot be ignored. The kerosene can b e employed to improve the surface roughness in ultrasonic machining.3) In ultras onic cutting process of aluminum alloy ultra-thin wall work piece, the PCD tool performs better than the cemented carbide tools.4) The vibration ripples result from the not enough rigidity of the acoustic system and the improper setting he ight of the tool tip. The departure of the tool tip from the rotating center of the work piece to some extent causes the vibration ripples on the machined surfa ce.展开更多
In order to optimize the spares configuration project at different stages during the life cycle, the factor of time is considered to relax the assumption of the spares steady demand in multi-echelon technique for reco...In order to optimize the spares configuration project at different stages during the life cycle, the factor of time is considered to relax the assumption of the spares steady demand in multi-echelon technique for recoverable item control (METRIC) theory. According to the method of systems analysis, the dynamic palm theorem is introduced to establish the prediction model of the spares demand rate, and its main influence factors are analyzed, based on which, the spares support effectiveness evaluation index system is studied, and the system optimization-oriented spares dynamic configuration method for multi-echelon multi-indenture system is proposed. Through the analysis of the optimization algorithm, the layered marginal algorithm is designed to improve the model calculation efficiency. In a given example, the multi-stage spares configuration project during its life cycle is gotten, the research result conforms to the actual status, and it can provide a new way for the spares dynamic optimization.展开更多
A novel technique of electroforming with orbital moving cathode was carried out for the fabrication of non-rotating thin-walled parts.This technique features a large number of insulating and insoluble hard particles a...A novel technique of electroforming with orbital moving cathode was carried out for the fabrication of non-rotating thin-walled parts.This technique features a large number of insulating and insoluble hard particles as a real-time polishing to the cathode.When cathode moves,hard particles polish its surface and provide the nickel non-rotating parts with near-mirror finishing.Morphology,microstructure,surface roughness and micro hardness of deposits fabricated by novel method were studied in contrast with the sample produced by traditional electroforming methods.Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the novel technique could effectively remove the hydrogen bubbles and nodules,disturb the crystal nucleation,and refine the grains of layer.The mechanical properties were significantly improved over traditional method.The micro-hardness of the layer was in a uniform distribution ranging from 345 HV to 360 HV.It was confirmed that this technique had practical significance to non-rotating thin-walled parts.展开更多
In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and ...In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and causes high cost of support. Meanwhile,the inconsistency among depots makes it difficult to manage spare parts. With the development of information technology and transportation, the supply network has become more efficient. In order to further improve the efficiency of supply-support work and the availability of the equipment system, building a system of one centralized depot with multiple depots becomes an appropriate way.In this case, location selection of the depots including centralized depots and multiple depots becomes a top priority in the support system. This paper will focus on the location selection problem of centralized depots considering ILS factors. Unlike the common location selection problem, depots in ILS require a higher service level. Therefore, it becomes desperately necessary to take the high requirement of the mission into account while determining location of depots. Based on this, we raise an optimal depot location model. First, the expected transportation cost is calculated.Next, factors in ILS such as response time, availability and fill rate are analyzed for evaluating positions of open depots. Then, an optimization model of depot location is developed with the minimum expected cost of transportation as objective and ILS factors as constraints. Finally, a numerical case is studied to prove the validity of the model by using the genetic algorithm. Results show that depot location obtained by this model can guarantee the effectiveness and capability of ILS well.展开更多
The inner hole parts played an oriented or supporting role in engineering machinery and equipment,which are prone to appear surface damages such as wear,strain and corrosion. The precise pulse plasma arc powder weldin...The inner hole parts played an oriented or supporting role in engineering machinery and equipment,which are prone to appear surface damages such as wear,strain and corrosion. The precise pulse plasma arc powder welding method is used for surface damage repairing of inner hole parts in this paper. The working principle and process of the technology are illustrated,and the microstructure and property of repairing layer by precise pulse plasma powder welding and CO2 gas shielded welding are tested and observed by microscope,micro hardness tester and X-ray residual stress tester etc. Results showed that the substrate deformation of thin-walled inner hole parts samples by precise pulse plasma powder welding is relatively small. The repair layer and substrate is metallurgical bonding,the transition zones( including fusion zone and heat affected zone) are relatively narrow and the welding quality is good. It showed that the thin-walled inner hole parts can be repaired by this technology and equipment.展开更多
Taking high speed rotating shaft parts as the research object,the general fault mode of the parts is analyzed.The analysis process of shaft parts is expounded by means of finite element analysis method.A variety of fa...Taking high speed rotating shaft parts as the research object,the general fault mode of the parts is analyzed.The analysis process of shaft parts is expounded by means of finite element analysis method.A variety of fatigue life prediction methods for mechanical equipment parts are reviewed in this paper.And the selection and calculation method of parameters in the life prediction model of shaft parts are summarized.Finally,taking a gear shaft of a reducer as an example,the Morrow linear correction of the elastic stress model,Manson-Halford(M-H)correction model and Smith Watson Topper(SWT)correction model are applied to fatigue life assessments.The prediction results of the SWT correction model are relatively conservative.The prediction results of the Morrow linear correction of the elastic stress model and the M-H model are similar,and they are larger than the SWT correction model.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel(Foenicuzu vulgare Mill.) and to compare the differences in the composition of volatile oil in different par...[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel(Foenicuzu vulgare Mill.) and to compare the differences in the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel.[Methods]The steam distillation method was applied to extract volatile oil from different parts of fennel,and the components of volatile oil from different parts of fennel were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each component was determined by the peak area normalization method.[Results]37,33,18,and 44 chemical components were separated from the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit,respectively,accounting for 98.64%,99.34%,99.59% and 95.99% of the total volatile oil of corresponding parts.A total of 77 chemical components were identified in the four parts,of which 5 were common components.The main component of the volatile oil in the stems and young leaves was trans-anethole.The main components of the volatile oil in fruit were estragole and trans-anethole.And the main component of the volatile oil in the roots was dill apiol.The components in the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit were different in type and content.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for the further effective development and utilization of fennel resources.展开更多
Parts with varied curvature features play increasingly critical roles in engineering, and are often machined under high-speed continuous-path running mode to ensure the machining efficiency. However, the continuous-pa...Parts with varied curvature features play increasingly critical roles in engineering, and are often machined under high-speed continuous-path running mode to ensure the machining efficiency. However, the continuous-path running trajectory error is significant during high-feed-speed machining, which seriously restricts the machining precision for such parts with varied curvature features. In order to reduce the continuous-path running trajectory error without sacrificing the machining efficiency, a pre-compensation method for the trajectory error is proposed. Based on the formation mechanism of the continuous-path running trajectory error analyzed, this error is estimated in advance by approximating the desired toolpath with spline curves. Then, an iterative error pre-compensation method is presented. By machining with the regenerated toolpath after pre-compensation instead of the uncompensated toolpath, the continuous-path running trajectory error can be effectively decreased without the reduction of the feed speed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed pre-compensation method, a heart curve toolpath that possesses varied curvature features is employed. Experimental results indicate that compared with the uncompensated processing trajectory, the maximum and average machining errors for the pre-compensated processing trajectory are reduced by 67.19% and 82.30%, respectively. An easy to implement solution for high efficiency and high precision machining of the parts with varied curvature features is provided.展开更多
The impact of inputs on farm production growth was evaluated by analyzing the economic data of the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin, China for the period of 1980-1999. Descriptive statistics were emplo...The impact of inputs on farm production growth was evaluated by analyzing the economic data of the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin, China for the period of 1980-1999. Descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the temporal trends and spatial patterns in farm production and five pertinent inputs of cultivated cropland, irrigation ratio, agricultural labor, machinery power and chemical fertilizer. Stochastic frontier production function was applied to quantify the dependence of the farm production on these inputs. The growth of farm production was decomposed to reflect the contributions by input growths and change in total factor productivity.. The change in total factor productivity was further decomposed into the changes in technology and in technical efficiency. The gross value of farm production in the region of study increased by 1.6 fold during 1980-1999. Among the five selected farm inputs, machinery power and chemical fertilizer increased by 1.8 and 2.8 fold, respectively. The increases in cultivated cropland, irrigated cropland, and agricultural labor were all less than 0.16 fold. The growth in the farm production was primarily contributed by the increase in the total factor productivity during 1980-1985, and by input growths after 1985. More than 80% of the contributions by input growths were attributed to the increased application of fertilizer and machinery. In the change of total factor productivity, the technology change dominated over the technical efficiency change in the study period except in the period of 1985-1990, implying that institution and investment played important roles in farm production growth. There was a decreasing trend in the technical efficiency in the region of study, indicating a potential to increase farm production by improving the technical efficiency in farm activities. Given the limited natural resources in the basin, the results of this study suggested that, for a sustainable growth of farm production in the area, efforts should be directed to technology progress and improvement in technical efficiency in the use of available resources.展开更多
The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material ...The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.展开更多
In this paper, a new bulge-forming technology is described to manufacture a polycarbonate semisphere shell. Some experiments have been done, and the experimental results show that this technique is feasible to form po...In this paper, a new bulge-forming technology is described to manufacture a polycarbonate semisphere shell. Some experiments have been done, and the experimental results show that this technique is feasible to form polycarbonate part. But the wall thickness distribution of the bulged specimen by this method is not so even.展开更多
Another comparative interpretation was conducted with respect to the data from 5 DSS profiles in the central and southern parts of Shanxi, leading to the conclusion that in Linxian, Linfen and Xingtai earthquake regio...Another comparative interpretation was conducted with respect to the data from 5 DSS profiles in the central and southern parts of Shanxi, leading to the conclusion that in Linxian, Linfen and Xingtai earthquake regions, through which the five profiles pass, there exist anomalous crust mantle structure and abyssal crustal faults extending to Moho, all being regarded as the deep indications for earthquake occurrence.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005371)Shanghai Pujiang Program of China(Grant No.2020PJD071)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22ZR1463900)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005371)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22ZR1463900)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.22120220649)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration of China(Grant No.MSV202318).
文摘An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(11901005,12071003)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QA20)。
文摘In this paper,we establish the integration by parts formula for the solution of fractional noise driven stochastic heat equations using the method of coupling.As an application,we also obtain the shift Harnack inequalities.
文摘“三美论”是许渊冲先生提出的翻译理论,所谓的“三美”指的是意美、音美和形美。本文以许渊冲先生的“三美论”为理论指导,对比赏析查良铮和陈锡麟对乔治•戈登•拜伦诗歌When We Two Parted的两个中译本。从意美、音美和形美三个层面,对比赏析两个中译本对原文意境、诗歌节奏和尾韵以及诗歌形式上的再现。在诗歌汉译中,三美难以兼顾,译者在进行翻译时要分清主次,原则是意美大于音美,音美大于形美。
文摘In many fields of high-tech industry the ultra-t hi n wall parts are employed. In this paper the experiments were carried out to dis cuss the surface microstructure of the camera’s guided drawtube by applying ult rasonic vibration cutting device to the traditional lathe. The influence rule of the cutting condition on the surface roughness was put forward, which was drawn by comparing the ultrasonic cutting with the common cutting by use of the cemen ted carbide tool and the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The test results sh owed that the ultrasonic cutting performs better than the common cutting in the same condition. According to the test results analyzing, the surface characteriz ation is influenced clearly by the rigidity of the acoustic system and the machi ne tool, as well the setting height of the tool tip. Otherwise, the dense regula r low frequency vibration ripples will be scraped on the machined surface. When the tool tip is set higher than the rotating center of the work piece by three t imes of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, the vibration ripples behave alig ht; they turn light and shade alternatively when the tool tip is lower than the rotating center of the work piece by three times of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration. According to the test result analyzing, the following conclusions are put forward: 1) The surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting is better than that in common cutting. Under a one third critical cutting velocity, the value of th e surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting rise slightly along with the cutting v elocity, while in common cutting it decreases contrast to the cutting velocity; the curves of the surface roughness in ultrasonic cutting and common cutting see m to be alike, both increase along with the feed rate and the cutting depth, but the value in ultrasonic cutting is smaller in the same condition.2) The influen ce of the coolant on the surface roughness cannot be ignored. The kerosene can b e employed to improve the surface roughness in ultrasonic machining.3) In ultras onic cutting process of aluminum alloy ultra-thin wall work piece, the PCD tool performs better than the cemented carbide tools.4) The vibration ripples result from the not enough rigidity of the acoustic system and the improper setting he ight of the tool tip. The departure of the tool tip from the rotating center of the work piece to some extent causes the vibration ripples on the machined surfa ce.
基金supported by the National Defense Pre-research Project in 13th Five-Year(41404050502)the National Defense Science and Technology Fund of the Central Military Commission(2101140)
文摘In order to optimize the spares configuration project at different stages during the life cycle, the factor of time is considered to relax the assumption of the spares steady demand in multi-echelon technique for recoverable item control (METRIC) theory. According to the method of systems analysis, the dynamic palm theorem is introduced to establish the prediction model of the spares demand rate, and its main influence factors are analyzed, based on which, the spares support effectiveness evaluation index system is studied, and the system optimization-oriented spares dynamic configuration method for multi-echelon multi-indenture system is proposed. Through the analysis of the optimization algorithm, the layered marginal algorithm is designed to improve the model calculation efficiency. In a given example, the multi-stage spares configuration project during its life cycle is gotten, the research result conforms to the actual status, and it can provide a new way for the spares dynamic optimization.
基金Funded partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50975143)the Aviation Science Funds,China (No.2009ZE52048)
文摘A novel technique of electroforming with orbital moving cathode was carried out for the fabrication of non-rotating thin-walled parts.This technique features a large number of insulating and insoluble hard particles as a real-time polishing to the cathode.When cathode moves,hard particles polish its surface and provide the nickel non-rotating parts with near-mirror finishing.Morphology,microstructure,surface roughness and micro hardness of deposits fabricated by novel method were studied in contrast with the sample produced by traditional electroforming methods.Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the novel technique could effectively remove the hydrogen bubbles and nodules,disturb the crystal nucleation,and refine the grains of layer.The mechanical properties were significantly improved over traditional method.The micro-hardness of the layer was in a uniform distribution ranging from 345 HV to 360 HV.It was confirmed that this technique had practical significance to non-rotating thin-walled parts.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(TZ2018007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71671009+2 种基金 61871013 61573041 61573043)
文摘In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and causes high cost of support. Meanwhile,the inconsistency among depots makes it difficult to manage spare parts. With the development of information technology and transportation, the supply network has become more efficient. In order to further improve the efficiency of supply-support work and the availability of the equipment system, building a system of one centralized depot with multiple depots becomes an appropriate way.In this case, location selection of the depots including centralized depots and multiple depots becomes a top priority in the support system. This paper will focus on the location selection problem of centralized depots considering ILS factors. Unlike the common location selection problem, depots in ILS require a higher service level. Therefore, it becomes desperately necessary to take the high requirement of the mission into account while determining location of depots. Based on this, we raise an optimal depot location model. First, the expected transportation cost is calculated.Next, factors in ILS such as response time, availability and fill rate are analyzed for evaluating positions of open depots. Then, an optimization model of depot location is developed with the minimum expected cost of transportation as objective and ILS factors as constraints. Finally, a numerical case is studied to prove the validity of the model by using the genetic algorithm. Results show that depot location obtained by this model can guarantee the effectiveness and capability of ILS well.
文摘The inner hole parts played an oriented or supporting role in engineering machinery and equipment,which are prone to appear surface damages such as wear,strain and corrosion. The precise pulse plasma arc powder welding method is used for surface damage repairing of inner hole parts in this paper. The working principle and process of the technology are illustrated,and the microstructure and property of repairing layer by precise pulse plasma powder welding and CO2 gas shielded welding are tested and observed by microscope,micro hardness tester and X-ray residual stress tester etc. Results showed that the substrate deformation of thin-walled inner hole parts samples by precise pulse plasma powder welding is relatively small. The repair layer and substrate is metallurgical bonding,the transition zones( including fusion zone and heat affected zone) are relatively narrow and the welding quality is good. It showed that the thin-walled inner hole parts can be repaired by this technology and equipment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71761030)
文摘Taking high speed rotating shaft parts as the research object,the general fault mode of the parts is analyzed.The analysis process of shaft parts is expounded by means of finite element analysis method.A variety of fatigue life prediction methods for mechanical equipment parts are reviewed in this paper.And the selection and calculation method of parameters in the life prediction model of shaft parts are summarized.Finally,taking a gear shaft of a reducer as an example,the Morrow linear correction of the elastic stress model,Manson-Halford(M-H)correction model and Smith Watson Topper(SWT)correction model are applied to fatigue life assessments.The prediction results of the SWT correction model are relatively conservative.The prediction results of the Morrow linear correction of the elastic stress model and the M-H model are similar,and they are larger than the SWT correction model.
基金Supported by Anshun Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project(ASKP[2017]03)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to analyze the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel(Foenicuzu vulgare Mill.) and to compare the differences in the composition of volatile oil in different parts of fennel.[Methods]The steam distillation method was applied to extract volatile oil from different parts of fennel,and the components of volatile oil from different parts of fennel were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each component was determined by the peak area normalization method.[Results]37,33,18,and 44 chemical components were separated from the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit,respectively,accounting for 98.64%,99.34%,99.59% and 95.99% of the total volatile oil of corresponding parts.A total of 77 chemical components were identified in the four parts,of which 5 were common components.The main component of the volatile oil in the stems and young leaves was trans-anethole.The main components of the volatile oil in fruit were estragole and trans-anethole.And the main component of the volatile oil in the roots was dill apiol.The components in the volatile oil of fennel roots,stems,young leaves and fruit were different in type and content.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical reference for the further effective development and utilization of fennel resources.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51575087,51205041)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(Grant No.51321004)+1 种基金Basic Research Foundation of Key Laboratory of Liaoning Educational Committee,China(Grant No.LZ2014003)Research Project of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.113018A)
文摘Parts with varied curvature features play increasingly critical roles in engineering, and are often machined under high-speed continuous-path running mode to ensure the machining efficiency. However, the continuous-path running trajectory error is significant during high-feed-speed machining, which seriously restricts the machining precision for such parts with varied curvature features. In order to reduce the continuous-path running trajectory error without sacrificing the machining efficiency, a pre-compensation method for the trajectory error is proposed. Based on the formation mechanism of the continuous-path running trajectory error analyzed, this error is estimated in advance by approximating the desired toolpath with spline curves. Then, an iterative error pre-compensation method is presented. By machining with the regenerated toolpath after pre-compensation instead of the uncompensated toolpath, the continuous-path running trajectory error can be effectively decreased without the reduction of the feed speed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed pre-compensation method, a heart curve toolpath that possesses varied curvature features is employed. Experimental results indicate that compared with the uncompensated processing trajectory, the maximum and average machining errors for the pre-compensated processing trajectory are reduced by 67.19% and 82.30%, respectively. An easy to implement solution for high efficiency and high precision machining of the parts with varied curvature features is provided.
基金support was partially provided by the University of Connecticut Research Foundation,Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars Award,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40671071).
文摘The impact of inputs on farm production growth was evaluated by analyzing the economic data of the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin, China for the period of 1980-1999. Descriptive statistics were employed to characterize the temporal trends and spatial patterns in farm production and five pertinent inputs of cultivated cropland, irrigation ratio, agricultural labor, machinery power and chemical fertilizer. Stochastic frontier production function was applied to quantify the dependence of the farm production on these inputs. The growth of farm production was decomposed to reflect the contributions by input growths and change in total factor productivity.. The change in total factor productivity was further decomposed into the changes in technology and in technical efficiency. The gross value of farm production in the region of study increased by 1.6 fold during 1980-1999. Among the five selected farm inputs, machinery power and chemical fertilizer increased by 1.8 and 2.8 fold, respectively. The increases in cultivated cropland, irrigated cropland, and agricultural labor were all less than 0.16 fold. The growth in the farm production was primarily contributed by the increase in the total factor productivity during 1980-1985, and by input growths after 1985. More than 80% of the contributions by input growths were attributed to the increased application of fertilizer and machinery. In the change of total factor productivity, the technology change dominated over the technical efficiency change in the study period except in the period of 1985-1990, implying that institution and investment played important roles in farm production growth. There was a decreasing trend in the technical efficiency in the region of study, indicating a potential to increase farm production by improving the technical efficiency in farm activities. Given the limited natural resources in the basin, the results of this study suggested that, for a sustainable growth of farm production in the area, efforts should be directed to technology progress and improvement in technical efficiency in the use of available resources.
基金Sponsored by the Major National Science and Technology Special Project of China (Grant No.2009ZX04014-053)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51005183)
文摘The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.
文摘In this paper, a new bulge-forming technology is described to manufacture a polycarbonate semisphere shell. Some experiments have been done, and the experimental results show that this technique is feasible to form polycarbonate part. But the wall thickness distribution of the bulged specimen by this method is not so even.
文摘Another comparative interpretation was conducted with respect to the data from 5 DSS profiles in the central and southern parts of Shanxi, leading to the conclusion that in Linxian, Linfen and Xingtai earthquake regions, through which the five profiles pass, there exist anomalous crust mantle structure and abyssal crustal faults extending to Moho, all being regarded as the deep indications for earthquake occurrence.