UV-C照射对鲜切豇豆的保鲜效果研究

为探究短波紫外线(UV-C)照射对鲜切豇豆的保鲜效果,在预试验结果的基础上,分别采用0、0.5 kJ/m^(2)的UV-C处理豇豆,然后将其置于4℃条件下贮藏,定期测定相关指标。结果表明:采用0.5 kJ/m^(2)UV-C照射可以维持鲜切豇豆较高的VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,减少鲜切豇豆丙二醛(MDA)的积累,同时还能保持鲜切豇豆较高的总酚、类黄酮含量,并提高抗氧化酶的活性,包括过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),一定程度上稳定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性。综合来说,0.5 kJ/m^(2)UV-C处理可用于鲜切豇豆的贮藏保鲜。

1-MCP协同活性炭处理抑制鲜切胡萝卜木质化形成研究

鲜切胡萝卜在贮藏过程易发生木质化,导致品质下降。为探究1-MCP协同活性炭处理对鲜切胡萝卜木质化抑制保鲜效果,文章分析了乙烯利、活性炭、1-MCP和1-MCP协同活性炭等4种处理方式对鲜切胡萝卜硬度、总酚、抗氧化性、PPO、POD、PAL和木质素含量的影响。结果表明:1-MCP协同活性炭处理显著延缓了胡萝卜硬度下降;在贮藏第10 d总酚含量达0.20 mg GAE·g^(−1),显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);抗氧化性也保持最高水平;DPPH自由基清除活性为0.90μmol TE·g^(−1);PPO、POD活性分别为0.23 U·g^(−1)和61.08 U·g^(−1),显著低于对照组(P<0.05);PAL活性和木质素含量分别为81.67 U·g^(−1)和65.88 mg·g^(−1),也显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。可见,1-MCP协同活性炭处理可有效抑制鲜切胡萝卜木质化,提升其贮藏品质。

L-抗坏血酸联合超声处理对鲜切芋艿贮藏品质的影响

为探究L-抗坏血酸(L-ascorbic acid,AA)联合超声(ultrasound,US)(AS)处理对鲜切芋艿片贮藏品质的影响,本实验以永定六月红芋为材料,采用质量分数为2%的AA溶液浸泡15 min后,进行US(53 kHz、400 W、10 min)处理,测定贮藏期间鲜切芋艿感官品质及褐变相关酶等指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,AS处理可以降低鲜切芋艿的失水率,维持较高的硬度,延缓褐变指数升高,降低细胞膜通透性,抑制丙二醛含量累积,抑制表面微生物繁殖,从而维持鲜切芋艿较高的感官品质;与对照组相比,贮藏期间AS处理组还能维持较高的过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,抑制酚类物质消耗速率,并减缓淀粉、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物等营养物质的流失速率,抑制可溶性醌的积累,延缓风味劣变。上述结果表明,AS处理能够保持鲜切芋艿较好的贮藏品质。

1-甲基环丙烯结合生物保鲜剂对鲜切甘蓝保鲜效果的影响

为探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)结合生物保鲜剂处理对鲜切甘蓝贮藏保鲜效果的影响,该实验以甘蓝为实验材料,通过生物保鲜剂(木瓜蛋白酶+菠萝蛋白酶+ε-聚赖氨酸)、1-MCP、1-MCP+生物保鲜剂复配3种方式处理鲜切甘蓝,以蒸馏水处理作为对照,处理后进行真空包装并对鲜切甘蓝在4℃条件下、贮藏12 d内的感官品质、营养指标、生理指标、衰老指标及相关酶进行了测定。结果表明,贮藏12 d时,1-MCP+生物保鲜剂,可延缓鲜切甘蓝黄化、腐烂,9~12 d期间差异显著(P<0.05),可减缓维生素C、还原糖和叶绿素含量的下降;控制呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率维持在较低水平;抑制相对电导率和丙二醛含量的升高,同时抑制过氧化氢酶活性下降与多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的升高。生物保鲜剂、1-MCP、1-MCP结合生物保鲜剂处理均能对鲜切甘蓝起到保鲜作用,1-MCP结合生物保鲜剂处理后的鲜切甘蓝,可以更好地维持品质,保鲜效果较好。

L-抗坏血酸联合超声处理鲜切芋艿的最佳条件

【目的】确定L-抗坏血酸(L-ascorbic acid,AA)联合超声(ultrasound,US)处理鲜切‘六月红芋’的最佳条件,并探究其保鲜效果。【方法】以永定‘六月红芋’为试材,通过对比自来水、纯水、去离子水、9%蔗糖溶液、1%碳酸钠溶液、1%氯化钠溶液、1%AA溶液以及不同有效氯质量浓度(20、40、60、80 mg/L)的微酸性电解水等11种保鲜护色液,筛选出对鲜切‘六月红芋’保鲜效果最佳的护色液。随后,进行AA与乙醇复配液处理,实验结果显示,AA单独使用的保鲜效果更佳。通过测定褐变度、硬度、pH值、相对电导率及感官评价得分等指标,进一步深入研究AA与US联合(AS)处理对鲜切‘六月红芋’贮藏品质的影响,以明确AS处理对鲜切‘六月红芋’的保鲜效果。【结果】在AA浓度为2%、浸泡时间为15 min、US处理时间为10 min、US频率为53 kHz、US功率为400 W的条件下,鲜切‘六月红芋’的感官品质最好。AS处理有效抑制褐变度的增加,维持酸度稳定性,减缓硬度的下降,保持细胞膜的完整性和较高的感官评分,这些参数为AS处理鲜切‘六月红芋’的最佳条件。【结论】在不同浸泡液中筛选得到AA为最佳护色液,并确定AS处理鲜切芋艿的最佳条件。AS处理能够显著提高鲜切‘六月红芋’的保鲜效果。

超声波-纳米氧化锌处理对鲜切莴笋贮藏品质的影响

为提高鲜切莴笋的贮藏品质,该研究采用超声波(300 W,45℃;ultrasonic,US)、纳米氧化锌(0.07 g/L;ZnO nanoparticles,ZN)、超声波协同纳米氧化锌(300 W,46℃,0.07 g/L;ultrasonic+ZnO nanoparticles,UZ)3种方法对鲜切莴笋进行保鲜处理(10 min),后在4℃冷藏8 d,以评价其贮藏品质的变化。结果表明,3种处理方法均可以有效提高鲜切莴笋的保鲜效果,其中US处理组的营养物质含量和表观颜色显著高于对照组,而ZN处理组的失重率和硬度显著高于对照组。相较于单一处理组,UZ处理更能抑制多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶活性的升高,提高抗坏血酸含量和抗氧化能力,从而减少鲜切莴笋褐变和水分流失,延缓可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,控制硬度和感官评分维持在较高水平,贮藏8 d后UZ处理样品的褐变指数比US、ZN和CK处理分别降低了21.91%、31.12%和37.55%,呼吸强度比US、ZN和CK处理分别降低了17.66%、20.49%和18.63%。相关性和主成分分析结果显示,影响鲜切莴笋贮藏品质的主要指标是PPO、硬度、褐变指数和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力,其中UZ主要利用抑制PPO活性来减少鲜切莴笋褐变;贮藏8 d后UZ的综合得分最高,其次是US和ZN,表明UZ能更有效地提高鲜切莴笋的贮藏品质,是延长其货架期的有效方法。

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Sensory Quality, Colour and Texture of Fresh-Cut Minimally Processed Cabbage with the Addition of Ascorbic Acid, Citric Acid and Calcium Chloride

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.

Effects of Stable Chlorine Dioxide on Sterilization and Preservation of Fresh-cut Narrow-leaf Cattail

At present, chlorine dioxide has been widely used as a bactericide that may become an alternative to chlorine. In this study, fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail was soaked with 45, 70 and 95 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution, respectively. Fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail samples were collected regularly to determine changes in surface microbe amount, cellulose content, Vc content, reduction sugar content and sensory quality of narrow-leaf cattail, thus analyzing the effects of chlorine diox- ide on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. The results showed that all three concentrations of chlorine dioxide solution could significantly reduce the amount of microbes on the surface of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail and improve the edible safety of products. The initial sterilization efficiency was im- proved gradually as the concentration of chlorine dioxide increased. In addition, chlorine dioxide treatment postponed the increase of cellulose content of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. However, chlorine dioxide oxidized Vc and reducing sugar, and its bleaching effect also exerted a certain impact on the sensory quality of fresh- cut narrow-leaf cattail. Based on comprehensive comparisons, 45 - 70 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution exerted the best effects on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. This study laid the foundation for the production and application of chlorine dioxide solution and promotion of rapid development of nar- row-leaf cattail industry.

Studies on Genetic Transformation of Fresh-cut Chrysanthemum Using DREB1A Promoted by Stress-induced Promoter rd29A

In this study, DERB1A transcription factor and stress-induced promoter rd29A were isolated respectively and amplified from Arabidopsis thaliana, se- quenced and analyzed by DNAsis. In addition, the stress-induced promoter rd29A was utilized to construct the plant expression vector of DERB1A, which was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Furthermore, the transgenic regeneration system of fresh-cut chrysanthemum from callus to plantlets was established successfully. On this basis, chrysanthemum leaf-disc explants were genetically transformed with Agrobacterium-mediated method. Two positive transgenie plantlets were obtained in vitro. Based on PCR detection, DREB1A transcription factor was integrated into chrysanthemum genome, which laid the foundation for breeding new transgenie cultivars of fresh-cut chrysanthemum with high comprehensive stress resistance, good cmalitv and high field.

Fresh-keeping Effects of Different Concentrations of 6-BA and B9 on Carnation Cut Flower

Using sucrose, citric acid and vitamin C as the basic liquid, different concentrations of 6-BA and B9 preservatives were added, and the carnation variety ＇ Master＇ was treated. The results showed that the formula of 3% sucrose ＋ 50 mg/L citric acid ＋ 600 mg/L vitamin C ＋ 20 mg/L 6-BA could effectively maintain the water balance of the cut flower, prolong the vase life of the cut flower to 16.4 d, and maximize the flower diameter and the crown height.

Effects of Lactoperoxidase System Activation-Oregano Essential Oilor Chlorine on the Quality of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Fresh-Cut Iceberg Lettuce

The present work focused on the effects of the Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) 1 (5% O2 and 10% CO2) or 2 (2% O2 and 5% CO2) and the previous addition of Lactoperoxidase System (LPS) and Oregano essential oil or chlorine washing on the quality of fresh-cut lettuce during refrigerated storage at +4?C. Our results showed the significant effect of this combined treatment on quality improvement during storage. Thus, mesophilic bacteria was reduced in treated samples compared to those untreated with number which not exceeded the critical of 5 × 107 UFC?g-1 (p 2 and CO2 levels created by both atmosphere were not significantly different between the two treatments (p > 0.05). Brightness of lettuce samples was significantly reduced during storage. Thereafter, the PCA data showed the effect of combined treatment on the preservation of hygienic, physico-chemical and sensory quality up to the 7th day of refrigerated storage of these treated samples. The results obtained draw attention to modified atmosphere packaging lettuce and the addition of bio-preservatives which could be an alternative of choice to replace chlorine to preserve the sanitary quality of green products.

Influence of cutting size and packaging materials on the quality of fresh-cut winter squash (var. Ajijimang)

Winter squash (var. Ajijimang) washed in 100 mg.L-1 chlorine water and cut into 4 and 8 parts was packed in different packaging materials, 35 μm micro-perforated P-Plus (MPP), 50 μm polyethylene (PE), 80 μm nylon/PE (Ny/PE), and 90 μm PE films separately. Fresh-cut samples were then stored at 10℃ for up to 17 days. The 35 μm MPP having a high oxygen transmission rate (OTR) has the most stable gas exchange ratio while the 80 μm Ny/PE was the most unstable. Firmness of the mesocarp remained acceptable until the end of storage regardless of the cutting size. Soluble solids content (SSC) remained stable and even slightly increased to a certain extent within 6 days. An increase in pH after 10-day storage suggested the activity of microorganisms within the packaging films. Strong off-odor was detected in samples packaged in 80 μm Ny/PE film after 13 days of storage. Mold was observed in all 1/4 cut samples on day 13 except the sample packaged with 80 μm Ny/PE film. However, no mold was found in all 1/8 cut samples except 35 μm MPP film on day 13. Severe mold invasion was apparent on the onset of the 17-day storage in 35 μm MPP film and 50 μm PE film. Samples cut into 8 parts and packed in 80 μm Ny/PE and 90 μm PE films had less mold incidence compared with other two packaging films. Fresh-cut winter squash packaged in 90 μm PE film maintained quality with shelf-life of 10 days at 10℃. Winter squash as fresh-cut commodity, with the right packaging material has the potential for longer period of storage in retail stores.

Different Fresh-keeping Effects of Sugar, Aspirin and Vc on Cut Rose Flowers

[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop environmentally-friendly effective vase solutions for cut rose flowers convenient for ordinary household use. [Methods] The vase life, flowering stage, flower diameter variation, petal water content, and soluble protein and malondialdehyde contents were determined on cut rose flowers regularly during the vase period, to study the fresh-keeping effects of the vase solutions prepared from such three components as sugar, aspirin and Vc according to L9(33) orthogonal table design on cut rose flowers during the vase period. [Results] 20 g/L white granulated sugar+460 mg/L aspirin+50 mg/L Vc was the best combination in this study. [Conclusions] This study provides a reference for the research on the fresh-keeping vase solutions of household cut rose flowers.

1-MCP处理对3种鲜切生菜贮藏期品质的影响

为研究1-MCP处理对鲜切生菜在贮藏期间品质的影响,以罗马生菜、奶油生菜、波士顿生菜为原料,采用1.0,2.0,3.0μL/L 1-MCP分别处理生菜12 h,研究不同浓度1-MCP处理对3种鲜切生菜在4℃下贮藏8 d品质的影响,筛选最佳的1-MCP处理浓度。结果表明,1μL/L 1-MCP处理可以有效保持3种鲜切生菜的水分、色泽和硬度,显著降低贮藏期间抗坏血酸的损失,抑制叶绿素的降解,且外观具有商品价值和食用价值,有利于保持鲜切产品的品质。

1-MCP处理维持销地鲜切甘蓝的货架品质

为了探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对销地甘蓝冷藏5d后鲜切货架品质的影响。以甘肃榆中甘蓝为实验材料,1-MCP熏蒸处理24 h后物流运输到目的地置于冷库贮藏,贮藏5 d后进行鲜切处理及真空包装,置于10℃环境货架贮藏,每2 d测定鲜切甘蓝的褐变度、各项生理生化指标和菌落总数。结果表明,1-MCP处理相较于CK组(未进行1-MCP处理)能够显著抑制鲜切甘蓝褐变度的增加,货架末期1-MCP处理Vc含量49.24mg/100g、还原糖含量11.69mg/g,可溶性蛋白含量0.33mg/g、可溶性固形物含量5.37%,均显著高于CK(P<0.05);同时抑制乙烯生成速率、褐变度、呼吸强度、相对电导率、丙二醛相对含量、过氧化物酶活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性下降与多酚氧化酶活性的升高,延缓甘蓝组织内细菌数量的增加。1-MCP处理能延缓鲜切甘蓝的衰老,维持鲜切甘蓝更好的货架品质。

基于响应面和人工神经网络-遗传算法优化鲜切萝卜光动力杀菌工艺

[目的]本文旨在寻找有效建模方法以预测基于姜黄素介导的光动力技术(photodynamic technology, PDT)对鲜切萝卜的杀菌效果,优化其杀菌工艺。[方法]以白萝卜为材料,通过单因素试验及中心组合试验设计,探讨姜黄素浓度、光照时间、光照强度以及孵育时间对鲜切萝卜光动力杀菌的影响。在此基础上分别选用响应面法(response surface methodology, RSM)和人工神经网络-遗传算法(artificial neural network-genetic algorithm, ANN-GA)构建光动力杀菌模型。[结果]单因素试验及中心组合试验结果表明,影响鲜切萝卜光动力杀菌的主要因素从大到小依次为光照强度、光照时间、姜黄素浓度、孵育时间。通过验证试验及模型参数分析,发现基于RSM和ANN-GA方法构建的模型均能对杀菌效果进行较为准确预测,且后者预测能力优于前者。通过ANN-GA法确定鲜切萝卜的最佳杀菌工艺为:姜黄素浓度30μmol·L^(-1),光照强度100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),光照时间24.50 min,孵育时间14.75 min,此时可获得较好的品质保留(维生素C、总酚含量分别为25.14、183.99 mg·100 g^(-1))。[结论]ANN-GA法可以全面、有效、准确地预测基于姜黄素介导的光动力技术对鲜切萝卜的杀菌效果,可为提高光动力技术在食品杀菌领域的应用提供理论基础。

热烫和1-MCP联合处理对鲜切芹菜贮藏品质的影响

探究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)和热烫处理对鲜切芹菜在低温贮藏期间品质的影响及其保鲜机制.首先,通过50℃热烫不同时间(0~80s)和不同体积分数(0~1.8μL/L)的1-MCP熏蒸这两种技术单独处理鲜切芹菜,确定了二者的最适处理条件分别为50℃、20s和0.9μL/L1-MCP熏蒸24h.之后,将这两种技术单独处理或联合处理鲜切芹菜,并将处理后的芹菜于(4±1)℃条件下冷藏.最后,对处理后芹菜的生理指标进行了一系列的检测.结果表明:热烫与1-MCP联合处理组可以更加有效地延缓贮藏过程中的膜脂质过氧化作用;降低超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O_(2)^(-))的活性,降低丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)以及过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))等活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的质量摩尔浓度;维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)及过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)的活性;减缓维生素C(vitamin C,VC)、还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)等内源抗氧化物质的流失,从而保持较好的硬度和色泽,将鲜切芹菜的冷藏时间延长3~6d.

绿原酸处理对鲜切马铃薯品质和γ-氨基丁酸积累的影响

为探讨绿原酸处理对鲜切马铃薯保鲜的作用及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)代谢的影响,本试验将鲜切马铃薯用浓度为0、10、30、50和70 mg·L^(-1)的绿原酸处理10 min,置于4℃环境下贮藏72 h。依据鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间品质和GABA含量变化,筛选最优绿原酸处理浓度,进而研究绿原酸调控GABA代谢的机理。结果表明,绿原酸处理可以抑制鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间的褐变和微生物生长,保持较高的淀粉含量并促进GABA的积累,其中30 mg·L^(-1)绿原酸对维持鲜切马铃薯较好品质和促进GABA积累的效果最佳。30 mg·L^(-1)绿原酸处理提高了谷氨酸脱羧酶、二胺氧化酶、多胺氧化酶和4-氨基丁醛脱氢酶活性,促进了谷氨酸与多胺向GABA的转化,同时降低了GABA转氨酶活性,减少了GABA的分解消耗,从而提高了GABA含量。上述结果表明,绿原酸处理既可以保持鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间较好的品质,又能提高GABA含量和营养价值。本研究结果为绿原酸处理在鲜切马铃薯保鲜中的应用提供了依据。

Layer regrouping for water-flooded commingled reservoirs at a high water-cut stage

Layer regrouping is to divide all the layers into several sets of production series according to the physical properties and recovery percent of layers at high water-cut stage, which is an important technique to improve oil recovery for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. Dif- ferent regroup scenarios may lead to different production performances. Based on unstable oil-water flow theory, a multilayer commingled reservoir simulator is established by modifying the production split method. Taking into account the differences of layer properties, including per- meability, oil viscosity, and remaining oil saturation, the pseudo flow resistance contrast is proposed to serve as a characteristic index of layer regrouping for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. The production indices of multi- layered reservoirs with different pseudo flow resistances are predicted with the established model in which the data are taken from the Shengtuo Oilfield. Simulation results show that the pseudo flow resistance contrast should be less than 4 when the layer regrouping is implemented. The K-means clustering method, which is based on the objec- tive function, is used to automatically carry out the layer regrouping process according to pseudo flow resistances. The research result is applied to the IV-VI sand groups of the second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo Oilfield, a favorable development performance is obtained, and the oil recovery is enhanced by 6.08 %.

壳聚糖-柠檬烯涂膜对鲜切哈密瓜贮藏品质的影响

目的 探究壳聚糖-柠檬烯涂膜对鲜切哈密瓜贮藏品质的影响。方法 以无菌蒸馏水和2%壳聚糖涂膜处理鲜切哈密瓜作为对照组,用2%壳聚糖复配0.1%柠檬烯涂膜处理鲜切哈密瓜作为实验组,在贮藏第0、1、3、5、7 d对鲜切哈密瓜的感官、硬度、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物含量、色差、维生素C含量、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性及菌落总数进行测定。结果 2%壳聚糖复配0.1%柠檬烯涂膜显著(P<0.05)减缓了鲜切哈密瓜果肉软化,可溶性固形物和维生素C含量的下降及色差值L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)的改变;抑制了鲜切哈密瓜的呼吸强度、PPO和POD活性,增强了SOD和CAT活性,并抑制了菌落的生长,有利于鲜切哈密瓜感官品质的维持。结论 2%壳聚糖复配0.1%柠檬烯涂膜处理鲜切哈密瓜可以降低鲜切哈密瓜贮藏期间的营养物质损耗,减缓果肉的衰老变质,较好地保持贮藏品质。