建立青菜(Brassica chinensis)农杆菌介导法基因转化体系

以青菜地方品种矮脚黄、苏州青的子叶、子叶柄、真叶为外植体，在改良ＭＳ培养基上离体培养获得再生植株。在不定芽诱导培养基中添加２～２０ｍｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３可显著提高子叶不定芽诱导频率；添加０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和１～２ｍｇ／ＬＣＰＰＵ既可提高不定芽诱导频率，又可获得较多数量的不定芽。用含ＣｐＴＩ基因和ＮＰＴＩＩ基因的农杆菌感染子叶，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株。培养基中添加羧苄青霉素促进子叶再生不定芽，头孢霉素和卡那霉素则抑制子叶再生。卡那霉素敏感性测定结果表明，当培养基中含卡那霉素１０ｍｇ／Ｌ时。

铬胁迫对青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)植物螯合肽含量及抗氧化特性的影响

选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P<0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。

施用污泥堆肥对土壤和青菜(Brassica chinensis)重金属积累特性的影响

在温室中研究施用污泥堆肥对土壤和青菜（Brassicachinensis）中重金属的积累状况的影响。污泥堆肥与土壤比例分别为0，5，10，25和50％（体积比）。研究表明，随着污泥堆肥施用量增加，土壤pH略有上升，EC和土壤水溶态K，Ca，Mg，NH4＋和PO43－含量均显著增加。DTPA提取的Cu和Zn，呈显著增加，而Cd，Ph，Ni含量增加仅在高施用量时较显著。与不施肥对照处理相比，该青菜产量随着污泥堆肥施用量增加呈显著增加趋势，并且在5％～10％施用量时获得最高产量。随着污泥堆肥施用量增加，该青菜中Cu，Cd，Zn，Ni和Pb含量也呈积累趋势。在≥5％添加污泥堆肥处理时，地上部分Cu和Zn浓度分别超过国家规定的允许浓度标准10和20mg·kg(-1)，Cd在污泥处理比例≥10％时，青菜组织中含量已超过允许标准0．05mg·kg(-1)。由此说明：在污泥堆肥和利用过程中应进一步严格控制重金属及其在作物体中积累，尤其控制可食部分中重金属的浓度和污泥及污泥堆肥长期施用过程中的重金属在土壤和作物中的积累。

铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了Cu、Zn重金属污染对油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长、SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及Cu、Zn在油菜体内吸收富集的影响。结果表明:Cu、Zn污染对油菜生物量和生理生化指标(SOD保护酶活性、脯氨酸和可溶性糖)均有影响。随着Cu、Zn质量分数的升高,植株干物重和SOD保护酶活性表现为先增后降;当Cu质量分数达到1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降36.79%、66.67%;当Zn质量分数达到3 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜干物重和SOD酶活性分别比对照下降55.21%、82.05%。Cu污染下,油菜叶片脯氨酸质量分数逐渐下降,总可溶性糖质量分数表现为先增后降;Zn污染下,脯氨酸和总可溶性糖质量分数均表现为先增后降。Cu、Zn污染使油菜幼苗叶片及根中的Cu、Zn质量分数明显增加,根部的积累尤其明显。当Cu处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为57.6、424.162 mg?kg-1;当Zn处理为1 000 mg?kg-1时,油菜茎叶和根中质量分数分别为240、608.54 mg?kg-1。与Zn相比,Cu主要积累在油菜的根部,向茎叶迁移累积的量很少,并且随着添加质量分数的增加,茎叶吸收Cu的量变化不大。总之,重金属Zn相对于Cu更容易积累于油菜的地上部分,从而更易进入食物链,它们在油菜体内富集都对其生理生化和营养产生了明显毒害作用。

沼液对无土栽培小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响初探

无土栽培条件下,初步研究了沼液和化学肥料组合施用对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)产量及品质的影响。结果表明,当所施用的沼液营养液肥配方为每升沼液营养液肥中含沼液250 mL,配入3.0g尿素、2.7 g磷酸二氢钾、1.1 g氯化钙、2.5 g硫酸镁和2 mL微量元素储备液(处理3),小白菜产量最高,为10.6克/株,而且,与单纯施用化学肥料营养液(对照)相比,小白菜品质指标硝氮、Vc、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量并没有下降。生产中,合理利用沼液栽培小白菜,对提高其产量和品质有积极的作用。

鸡毛菜(Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group.)的颜色变化动力学及两种货架期预测方法

实验测定了贮藏在278、283、288、293K四个温度下的鸡毛菜的颜色参数L*、-a*、b*、△E、h*和感官评价,并对L*和△E进行了动力学分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,鸡毛菜储藏的温度越低,颜色参数变化越慢。动力学分析显示,零级动力学比一级动力学更适合表现鸡毛菜L*和△E的变化规律。研究还采用Arrhenius方程对颜色变化速率常数k和温度T进行非线性拟合,得到L*和△E活化能Ea分别为82.09kJ/mol和100.26kJ/mol。最后得到依赖于时间、温度和颜色指标的鸡毛菜货架期预测方程(R2>0.95),从中根据不同的L*和△E终点可得到对应的货架期。就本研究而言,假定L*增加12%为终点时,鸡毛菜在四个温度下的预测货架期分别为11.8、5.5、2.6、1.3d。同时,Arrhenius方程与依赖于感官终点的动态颜色终点拟合方程结合预测的货架期曲线与感官寿命曲线则能得到更好的契合(两者绝对差值小于0.6d),两者结合能得到较为全面的货架期预测参数。

白菜型油菜（Brassica chinensis）细胞质雄性不育材料50A的发现及其育性遗传研究

作者就１９９０年在江西省地方品种资源中发现的白菜型油菜雄性不育材料５０Ａ进行研究，初步结果表明：该雄性不育系是核质互作不育型，恢保关系与甘蓝型不育胞质材料５００３Ａ不同，同波里玛不育胞质相似，有温感性存在，且感温程度与核基因型有关，通过春夏两季的筛选鉴别，选育得到温度钝感不育稳定的新型胞质不育系５０Ａ＿１，对杂种优势利用的理论和实践都有很高的价值。

苯酚对菜心（Brassica chinensis）幼苗生长代谢的影响

本文研究了苯酚对菜心幼苗生长代谢的影响．试验结果表明，５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的苯酚溶液明显抑制了菜心幼苗的生长，与对照相比，苯酚处理的菜心幼苗，其硝酸还原酶活性、蛋白质含量、可溶性总糖含量、叶绿素含量、干物质重等指标均有明显降低。

Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Three commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers including phosphate rock (PR), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and single superphosphate (SSP) were applied to the plot at three P application rates, 50, 300, and 500 g/m2 with 9 treatments and control (CK). Plants, water soluble and exchangeable (WE) extra...

Cow manure and cow manure-derived biochar application as a soil amendment for reducing cadmium availability and accumulation by Brassica chinensis L. in acidic red soil

Organic amendment is a promising,in situ phytostabilization approach to alleviate the phytotoxic effects of heavy metal contaminated soils.The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cow manure（CM）and its derived biochar（CMB）as a soil amendment on cadmium（Cd）availability and accumulation in low and high Cd-accumulating cultivars of Brassica chinensis L.grown in an acidic red soil.CM and CMB were applied to Cd-contaminated acidic red soil at the rates of 0,3.0and 6.0%（w/w）.Application of CMB was significantly more effective than that of CM,as it reduced the availability of Cd in soil by 34.3–69.9%and its bioaccumulation in the low Cd accumulator,Aijiaoheiye 333,by 51.2 and 67.4%,respectively.The addition of CMB significantly increased the extractability and accumulation of trace metals（Zn,Mn,Fe,and Cu）by plants and improved plant biomass production.CMB application,combined with utilizing low Cd accumulating cultivars represents a new,sustainable strategy to alleviate the toxic effects on Cd and improve food safety.

Role of nitrification inhibitor DMPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) in NO^-_3-N accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil

The influence of nitrification inhibitor(NI) 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003 Results showed that NI DMPP took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease NO - 3 N concentration in greengrocery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. In addition, NI DMPP could reduce the NO - 3 N concentration during the prophase stage of storage.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on Glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis

Glucosinolates （GSs） are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing abundant nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） mainly in Brassica and have the beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenic, cholesterol-reducing and other pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of N （5, 10, and 20 mmol L-a, denoted by N5, N10 and N20） and S （0,5, 1, and 2 mmol L^-1, denoted by S0.5, S1 and S2） on the yield and GSs in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis） in hydroponics. Results showed that N10 and N20 significantly enhanced the yield compared with N5, however, N20 had a negative effect relative to N10. Only with N10 and N20 low S supply （S0.5） reduced the yield. The concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were enhanced by N5 and indolyl GSs were enhanced by N20. S2 enhanced the concentration of individual GS and total GSs. The concentrations of indolyl GSs were maximized in N20S2 treatment, whereas the highest concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were found in N5S2 treatment. Effects of N and S on aliphatic GSs were higher than on indolyl GSs. The results suggest that the accumulation of aliphatic GSs and aromatic GS could be enhanced by low N and high S and restricted by high N while that of indolyl GSs could be enhanced by high N and high S.

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.

Effects of Different Cadmium Levels on Active Oxygen Metabolism and H_2O_2-Scavenging System in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The effects of different Cd (Cadmium) levels on generation of active oxygen speceies(AOS) and H2O2-scavenging system in the leaves of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensiswere studied. The results showed that generation rate, and H2O2 content were enhancedand malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increase of Cd concentrations inthe growth medium. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbatereductase (DR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were promoted by the addition of Cd.Exposed to Cd also increased the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in theleaves.

不结球白菜(Brassi cacampestris ssp.chinensis Makino)种质资源SRAP遗传分化分析

利用SRAP分子标记分析了国内外64份不结球白菜种质资源的DNA遗传多样性和遗传分化。21对引物组合共检测出215个位点,其中112个为多态性位点,多态性比率达52.09%,平均每对引物组合产生10.24个位点和5.33个多态性位点。不结球白菜各类型中普通白菜的Nei’s基因多样性指数(0.1410)和遗传丰富度[(190)88.37%]最高;各生态区域中江淮流域不结球白菜的Nei’s基因多样性指数(0.1451)和遗传丰富度[(185)86.05%]最高;国内的Nei’s基因多样性指数(0.1293)和遗传丰富度[(188)87.44%]分别高于国外。遗传变异估算表明,不结球白菜遗传分化系数58.22%,大部分变异存在于种群间;基因流为0.4031,说明群体间基因流动较少,遗传分化程度较高。以遗传相似系数0.872为截值,可把不结球球白菜分为Ⅵ个类群。

白菜型油菜(B.Chinensis)与海甘蓝(Cram beabyssinica)属间杂种的细胞学观察

白菜型油菜与海甘蓝属间杂种F1代染色体数目早期为2n=55。经多代组培无性繁殖后,杂种染色体大量减少,数目变化于25～28条间,平均为26条。杂种PMC减数分裂中,平均配对构型为0.06Ⅲ+11.26Ⅱ+3.80Ⅰ,二价体数目变化于8～13之间,以10Ⅱ、11Ⅱ、12Ⅱ的细胞出现频率较高,分别为26.60%,23.91%和30.98%,单价体数目变化于0～8个之间。杂种染色体数目减少,二价体个数较高,这说明海甘蓝染色体在大量丢失的同时,白菜型油菜的染色体组发生了自然加倍。在后期Ⅱ观察到三分体、染色体落后、染色体桥等异常现象。

Effect of NdCl_3 on the Growth and i_PA Level of Detached Etiolated Cotyledons of Brasica Chinensis

The increases of fresh weight, chlorophyll and protein content of detached etiolated cotyledons of Brissica chinensis under illumination were promoted by 140 μmol/L NdCl 3 treatment. The content of isopentenyl adenine( i PA) of the control determination with ELISA remained unchanged at 12 h. At 24 h, it increased to 70 pmol/g·FW. At 36 h, it was 87 pmol/g·FW, and at 48 h, it declined to 20 pmol/g·FW. Contrary, the content of i PA of cotyledons treated with NdCl 3 for 12 h increased to 15 pmol/g·FW. For 24 h, it was 148 pmol/g·FW, and maintained a high level between 24 h and 48 h. These results indicate that NdCl 3 promotes i PA synthesis in detached etiolated cotyledons of Brassica chinensis.

问荆水浸液对油菜和青菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应

问荆(Equisetum arvense)是在中国广泛分布并产生严重威胁的农田杂草。本研究收集了问荆的根茎水浸液,采用生物测定法研究不同浓度问荆根茎水浸液对油菜(Brassica napus)和青菜(B.chinensis)的化感效应,为其合理生产提供理论依据。结果表明,问荆水浸液对油菜和青菜种子发芽和幼苗生长的化感作用主要表现为抑制作用,出现“根短芽长”的现象;并通过调节体内可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量以提高对问荆水浸液的抗抑制能力;油菜和青菜的丙二醛含量在问荆水浸液处理后显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不显著,过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性以及叶绿素含量随着水浸液浓度升高呈不同变化。研究结果表明,油菜和青菜的幼苗对问荆水浸液化感作用的响应不同。

小白菜根际高效解磷菌的分离鉴定与培养条件优化

为评价小白菜Brassica chinensis L.根际微生物分解有机磷的能力,明确其优势解磷菌的分类学地位,进一步优化培养条件,为开发微生物肥料提供基础。采用蒙金娜有机磷平板法筛选小白菜根际有机磷分解菌,利用钼锑抗比色法分析菌株解磷能力;进一步观察优势解磷菌的菌落形态,并通过16S DNA序列同源性比对和邻近法构建系统发育树,确定优势菌株FG5的分类学地位;最后,采用单因素和正交试验进一步探讨菌株FG5的最适培养条件。结果表明:小白菜根际共分离筛选出解有机磷菌3株,其中菌株FG5解磷效果最佳,接种菌株FG5培养3 d后,培养基中游离磷质量浓度高达165.20 ug·mL^(-1)。FG5菌落圆形,表面干燥,微微隆起,边缘波状的米白色,16S DNA序列同源性比对结果表明其为特基拉芽孢杆菌。单因素和正交试验优化结果显示菌株FG5最佳培养条件为:甘露醇为碳源,尿素为氮源,培养温度27℃,转速180 r·min^(-1),接种量1.5%(V/V)。在该条件下FG5的解磷量达到307.25 ug·mL^(-1),相较于培养条件优化前,解磷能力提高85.99%。菌株FG5有机磷分解能力强,具有良好的微生物肥料应用潜力。

镉与聚苯乙烯微塑料复合胁迫对小油菜生长发育、生理特征及冠层温度影响效应研究

为明晰镉(Cd)与聚苯乙烯微塑料(PS-MPs)复合胁迫对小油菜生长发育、生理特征、冠层温度的影响效应及内在机制,采用室内水培实验,以小油菜(Brassica chinensis)为供试植物,系统研究Cd与2种粒径(100和1000 nm)PS-MPs复合胁迫对小油菜生长发育、光合色素、抗氧化酶活性、营养品质、解剖结构、冠层群体温度以及Cd吸收转运特性的影响。结果表明,单一Cd及PS-MPs胁迫均显著抑制小油菜生长发育和光合生理过程,其表型指标及光合色素等均随Cd与PS-MPs浓度增加而显著降低。Cd与PS-MPs胁迫显著增强了小油菜氧化应激反应能力,降低了小油菜叶片维生素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等品质指标,缩小了小油菜叶片厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅栏组织厚度,显著提升了小油菜植株冠层群体温度。Cd与PS-MPs复合胁迫下低浓度PS-MPs(1 mg·L^(-1))可有效缓解其Cd胁迫抑制效应。随PS-MPs浓度升高(20 mg·L^(-1)),其对小油菜植株生理特征的影响则与Cd胁迫呈协同叠加抑制趋势变化。Cd与PS-MPs复合胁迫对小油菜生长发育及生理特征的影响总体上表现为“低促高抑”的变化趋势。研究结果可为农田土壤Cd及PS-MPs污染生态风险评价提供理论支撑与参考。